How the Universe Works (2010–…): Season 5, Episode 4 - Stars That Kill - full transcript

When the sun sets, monsters appear in the square

Some of the stars that you see are crazy

And you're going to kill yourself.

In the last decade, scientists have revealed
that it is an evil aspect of our universe

Deadly stars with tremendous destructive power

We heard about death stars
in movies But actually there

,,, solar systems are torn apart

,,, living worlds evaporate in a moment

Somewhere on the porch, dozens were wiped
out The worlds like us are the deadly stars

Fear of darkness?

You should be scared.



Translated by:
dr_sameh_nour yahoo, com

How the Universe Works

The stars are deadly

June 2015

A small automatic telescope sweeps through the
sky Over night in "Chile" in South America

Explore the c u to automatically
refresh yourself "or" Killer "

It was programmed to monitor light flashes
What indicates the death of giant stars

He found the telescope that
night He was never seen before

The astronomers thought first,
That he is a great next pilot

But by analyzing the light, they discovered something incredible

The explosive star was far away

About four billion light-years

And to see you from this incredible distance
The flash of light must be unprecedented

The highest bright speed in recorded history



He radiated more energy than the
sun In his life of 10 billion years

But he did it in a few months.

This is the greatest thing, this is the greatest
brightness It can be done by the best scribe

The scientists called the standard light
explosion "The Biggest" Assassin 15L

The name appropriate, because this a
concise Very bright was a mass murderer

This supernova will not destroy life
On the planets orbiting this star

But it will destroy life on millions of planets

Millions of end-of-the-world events

"The Destructive Force of" 15LH does
not have much to do with explosive force

Assassin's Assassin the light

To understand how it causes great damage to brightness

"The planetary scientist" Nina Lanza
Maximize a famous family experience

All light passing through this
lens The mega centered at point l

Maybe up to half an inch by inch

,,, When we prepare ,,, Flame flames with wood
This incredible, lasted only a few seconds

Light consists of small packets
of energy called photons

The more the photons are concentrated
The increasing destructive effect

There are more f tons here than we call them

And this little place is the most
beautiful of the area outside the lens

Then, the glow ignites the fire with this wood

"Radiant death in the experience"
Nina Sunscreen thousands of times

But the supernova was very bright,
"LH" hundreds of billions of times

Attack of highly focused photons So that
the surface of nearby planets evaporates

And take the covers of the worlds farther away

A true collective killer of the planets

Who knows, maybe some of the millions of worlds that were
destroyed by the "15L" by civilizations like our civilization

The death ray of the supernova
The usual about thirty light-years

We believe that ultraviolet radiation severe
The supernova will destroy ozone on Earth

If the Great Surfer Happened
Within Thirty Light Years

Super supernova super bright like
"15L H" than the usual supernova

So that the ray of death increases,
perhaps Fifteen or even light years

Imagine a stretch of space A thousand
light years in all directions

Taking hundreds of millions of stars
Maybe billions of living worlds

All we need is a larger ultra-bright
mystery in the middle of this patch

To completely erase
life From that vast area

humiliating to blow up a star
One destroys the solar system

But they are the real collective killers of the universe

How can you become a giant star?
For a mass murderer like "15L"?

Astronomers have noticed dozens of
Super Brightness Super Brightness

But believe the secret of your training is in motion

Super-bright supernovae begin their life

They're like bright giants stars
Known as giant giants blue stars

These giant blue stars Huge
live fast and die young

Its fuel burns in only 10 million years

When her heart dies, her body collapses
The density called the n utron star

If this neutron star was spinning fast enough
enough it would have strong magnetic fields

,,, to transform it into something new and fiercer

Magnetic star

All stars of n utrons
Strong magnetic fields

But sometimes a monster is born

There is a limit to the strength of the magnetic
field Before you begin to separate time and space

There is a magnetic star in this limit

Stars like neutron
stars taking stimulants

Its strong magnetic field reaches the layers
Extensive external gases of the dying star

The heat increases and produces a strong emission of light

But by brightness
"Issued by" 15 LH

You need a special kind of magnetic star

The strongest magnetic star we have ever seen, and the fastest

He directs the traditional
magnetic star to the extreme

Because you need a magnetic star With
rotation of approximately one millisecond

Which means that the star must rotate
Neutron a thousand cycles per second

And during the more explosion

You have to take all the energy
Rota o inside the star of n utrons

And blast it to the next star

To make the projector you see From the
distance of billions of light years

The 15L was the brightest The greatest
scientists of the calamity have already seen

Like a strong storm, it could be The
biggest spicy wave we have ever seen

H theoretically a maximum amount of
energy What the supernova can generate

This was at the end of this limit

Luckily, great Ultra-shine
twists are also extremely rare

Impossible to see One of them
explodes in our neighborhood soon

But the gal xia timate
and then Many murderers l

Just as the light is mortal, the darkness is deadly with the same force.

The supernova has many ways to kill you.

The ultra-bright supernova can kill you with fire

But it will kill you with snow

The young blue stars are made, One of
the brightest lights in the universe

When you die in brilliant explosions

Super Great Brightness the best example

But other stars turn into super-luxuries as well

Yellow stars swell like our sun as we age

Turning into huge monsters
Known as red giants

The biggest of these brooding stars
They are called giant red giants

And the astronomers see it explode In
fierce and super-tormented torments

Whenever the giant red giant The explosion
has intensified, but there is a problem

Nobody saw a flash A giant
red giant in our gal xia

These old, old-fashioned
stars The giant must be dying

But if not in a flash of light, how?

Scientists now impose an amazing theory

Instead of blasting in a brighter supernova

The huge red suddenly disappears

Scientists have called these stars
Weirdly dying with uncertainty

A new guide suggests that these uncertainties
The killers of cold-blooded planets can be

You look at the sky and the sun
Bright, and suddenly the sun comes out

As soon as it seems

It may be the biggest disaster in the history of the planet

The life we ​​know has not survived.

Scientists believe the key to
disappearing Giant red giants

the complete transformation of a flaming glow ball

In a thick black hole

Everything has to fit in a hurry

The star can not spin fast Its
outer layers will not expand much

, When circumstances are appropriate
It breaks into a black hole

It essentially becomes a black hole

Red Giants gets used to Huge
to be a black hole when you die

But they make more time to make a flash The
violent light we see as the largest caliber

But with the giant red giants Big block
and very attractive in their hearts

When it collapses, a photon does not
escape. Light from the black hole, newborn

The star disappears only in front of the
observer The star dies without a flash

like a crumbling star and forgetting to expand

But when it collapses, it can not stretch

Making a big attraction around this

So that the explosion is not allowed even to escape

No bursts, collapses into a black hole

So, what makes planets of non-adventurer assassins?

The huge red giants age rapidly And
it dies only ten million years later

But the astronomer thought "David
Kiping" that the period enough

These giant stars To create
potentially live worlds

The planets are formed quickly, they can
form in a million years around these stars

There must be enough time
Mega stars make planets

When we look at the remains of stars
We find huge rocky planets around

We tell our knowledge that those should
The stars have worlds spinning around them

Imagine a lonely rocky world warming you
A distant light from a huge red giant star

Simple Life Relates to Shallow Rock
Ponds on the Surface of the Young Planet

But his warm and warm life disappeared

At the top of the c u, the giant sun
burns The huge red other hydrogen fuel

The force of gravity attracts Based
on the integration of the drive

And twenty thousand
trillion tons of warm g s

,,, collapses to a point in space

Black hole

Surprisingly, the black hole that makes the damask
Darkness does not put the planet at immediate risk

These are the biggest ideas for wrong movies.

The star suddenly becomes a black
hole The planet is attracted by this

But the attraction of the black hole is the same
The gravity of the star, unless it misses mass

From a distance, spin around the
star How to spin around a black hole

Nothing will change

When the superstar collapses The scene
of the distant planet will be imagined

You will see your star in the sky and after a minute will disappear

You're going to see him collapse in a
black hole And everything falls and ends

A slow, slow death will happen later.

You are basically starving your star

A passing moment, but the beginning of winter will not end

If you suddenly switch off the
sunshine Life will not die right away

It will be like the night, colder than normal, but at
the end For a period of weeks, months, or even years

The planet will start to freeze

The whole planet will be
swept Ice age after 100 years

First land, then oceans

The oceans will freeze to a thick crust, perhaps
there is little liquid water on the ocean floor

Heating of volcanic vapors

In the end, there will be only creatures.
Do not rely on sunlight to live.

, Tubular worms can live by fevers and
fissures Water reservoirs in the ocean

But they will not live forever.

The planet will continue to heat
The interior is scattered in space

Surface heat will decrease
Less 350 degrees Fahrenheit

The atmosphere will collapse on the surface like ice

It will not support the central geological activity of the planet

All neighborhoods will disappear and the planet will die "

You'll end up with these
worlds Good for just snowballs

Be dead in the light of the storm, the
greatest or the darkness of rampant

The planets are in reach of the deadly fire of the stars.

But it is proposed to discuss the publication
The stars can also be victims of murder

Some ways of this murder are frank horror

I am an old star on the way to death to acquire
Once again the mass will become young again?

He does exactly what the vampire does

Life absorbed by something else

In 2012, he held a Hubble telescope
"terrifying space discovery"

He encountered deadly stars that suck the lives of his neighbors

These murderous vampires and geeks
They lurk in crowded star clusters

Known as clusters

The stars generate a great interest of p and g s

Such clouds have enough elements
To form tens or hundreds of stars

We call this family of stars stars clusters

We believe they are all the same age

Small clusters shine like a jewel The
colors are bright, blue, yellow and red,

But this spectrum of stars changes over time

The blue stars disappear first

largest cluster star, burns bright
and dies after millions of years

Followed by yellow stars, they leave

The aging of these stars million
Size over billions of years

Gradually, it turns red like a ripening fruit

After ten billion years, the
whole cluster is ripe for deep red

This gradual change in color is beneficial to astronomers

Because it allows them to know the age of the cluster

When you look at a group
of stars in one place

If you see many stars Zarqa
is convinced that she is young

Because they did not burn for a long time

Because the blue stars are huge, soft stars
They burn their fuel fast and live a short life

But in the 1950s, the astronomers monitored
something very mysterious in an old cluster

Between the folds of the ancient red stars
and the ba A group of bright blue stars

Do not make new stars Within
normally mature clusters

How did she come there?

The only explanation was that the
Antique stars were somehow smaller in age

Astronomers called the stars that
challenged Old Astro Blue Stear

We see some bunches of stars
Blue seems too small for her

Somehow isolated from the natural aging of the cluster

Something is refreshing the
star's youth But what does it do?

If you imagine these stars
Blue-eyed people in the crowd

They appear to have undergone a face lift

Masquerade as smaller stars though t
o as large as any star in its vicinity

"Believes astrophysics", Natalie Gosnell

That the blue stars renewed
them Hydrogen fuel more modern

But where did it come from?

In 2015, Natalie looked at the Hubble
photos of "the set of blue stars"

I found that most of the stars look young. She was in
bilateral partnerships with the bodies of dead stars

The g pareces appears to have been absorbed

In movies, vampires in youth say
they are sucking blood from humans

In this case, we suck up G s
stars and elements of other stars

Making it small at all times

The gas is the fuel that
allows All stars are burned

And with the new g s ,,, the renewed star ada

But until the star turns
into G s of vampire suck

Scientists believe they need to start
Their life is in a couple near the orbit

If you have two stars spinning
around, Both common in the universe

They will not be the same block more times

The bigger ones will develop faster

As it ages and develops, it increases

It swelled to its surface The
attractive impact of Partner Star

The youngest star becomes a vampire

Absorbs the outer layer of gs
Inflated from your major partner

And when the vampire eats Burns
and heats up more and more

To become a bright blue baby

The vampire's victim was completely absorbed

To reduce the kernel of a dead
star Astronomers know this as white

But, like any good horror film, a story
,,, This murder something unexpected

Bodies of explosives live

There are many stories about living things

What if the dead could return to the life
and revenge of those who killed them?

Similar things happen to the stars.

When the blue stars age
The stool is very swollen

So that the dead white woman starts
stealing Some g s again from the vampire

The white woman lives again To
become the body of a live explosive

When this material
accumulates It gets warmer

And they accumulate huge amounts of hydrogen

If it gets hot and the pressure increases a lot, it will
become. Basically, a hydrogen-bomb of planetary size

This star explodes

These stars can take revenge

When the living body explodes, it destroys
The vampire that sucked life out of them

The astronomers have been for decades afflicted
by dead stars that are exploding in the night sky

But here is our last possible explanation

Our galaxy is full of vampires
And live explosive bodies

What does this mean for the rest of our galaxy?

Many stars in our gal xia steal life
From your friends to stay forever young

The generator and death of vampires can be the
reason for our vision of the blue veins today

But it can also explain why we are here

Life is bound to win In
this universe without death

In the find elements for the creation of planets or
people or anything around us with little insight

Vampires and living bodies are just parents.

You can be the one-way gas flow product and
return interstellar Vampire these binary systems

For the Starbursts to spread Building
units of life in the universe

Our star - the sun - is not in a pair

But if you think this protects us
from Vampires of the universe rethink

But new observations
suggest that Vampires can go

It just needs to be crossed nearby Our
solar system will destroy the earth forever

The universe spins like an hour

Satellites revolve around the planets
The planets rotate around the stars

The stars themselves orbit around the middle of our galaxy

Everything seems to be in place, orderly and stable

But some deadly stars are against the rules

From time to time, find something
by jumping in the wrong direction

How did the lost star come here?

Scientists of the last decade have observed hundreds of stars
The individual runs through our galaxy as a balistic missile

Scientists have launched these electrolytes

They travel at incredible speeds

We talked about stars a thousand times faster than the rocket

Anything super fast dangerous
Superstar very dangerous

A hot g mostras ball shows millions
Mileage drips in our cosmic neighborhood

You do not need fugitive stars For
direct damage until damage occurs

Even at the maximum extent of our system
The sun has enough to destroy the Earth

Do not want to approach a star
Many of us under any circumstances

Because this can disrupt the orbits of the planets

The passing star does not have to
come too close to cause serious damage

We have a huge Ort cloud of comets Which
takes two light years away from the sun

If a star passes through l , we will be hit by devastating comets

All the Planets in the Solar
System Torn or Burned in the Star

I do not expect the solar system to survive.

Astronomers follow the tracks of fugitive stars

They found that most came from the centers of galaxies

In the middle of our galaxy, we see stars
confined to orbit around a central black hole

Like a circle like an angry hive

These stars interact with each other
sometimes, they are played by gal xia

Most fugitive stars harmless to us

Leaves the center of Hungarian

But, from time to time, we see nearby fugitives

In 2016, astronomers paid attention to the Shard
star only 3,000 light-years away from Earth

The path and composition of the star are illogical

There is a star "SDSS C 1128", strange

It's weird because it travels very fast through galaxy

Faster than he could move if he were in orbit

Something played with force

But he also has something unusual

a star like the sun, but there is
a lot of it Carbon, that unusual

Stars like the sun do not make Carbon
just at the end of their life cycle

When they swell to become red giants

But he was a carbon-covered star where he should
have To burn hydrogen at this point in his life

What happened l ?

Scientists believe the runaway star rich
Carbon may have been a vampire before

He is stuck in a close bilateral
partnership Very fast with super-big star

Vampire sucked the rich g s With
carbon from his huge swollen partner

But the superstar was a victim of resistance

It burst into a vast and extensive torrent

You should have done it. The
explosion destroyed the vampire.

But its orbital speed was optimal, it
was played This carbon-rich star in space

These were the stars One
to the other very quickly

When one of them exploded, he lost
most of his mass very attractive

He was not attracted enough to
keep the star with the least mass

They turned, one of them exploded The other
saw himself exuberant outside the gal xia

This explains everything

The carbon obtained from the star with the largest mass

The star exploded in a large block and
ejected the star Small mass for high speed

What are the chances that our planet
burns A star that passes Vampire?

,,, in the space of our galaxy
Our solar system is a small target

It's rare to approach
two stars Enough to do it

Even over the billions of years he lives The star ,,,
will not happen in the life of any specific star

It is unlikely that it will be
destroyed Vampire crosses the earth

But there is another kind of mortal star
There is a direct and present danger

And we know he can beat
us' cause he did it before

March 2008

The astronomers were surprised when they saw
Light erased by the c u, appeared suddenly

And suddenly disappeared in less than a minute

A rare occurrence of astronomers

But a powerful reminder that our planet is connected Fireball
the most powerful type of mortal star in the universe

A supernatural weapon known as gamma-ray bursts

Gamma rays, radiological weapons Csmica the
strongest and most powerful weapon in the universe

The gamma-ray emissions will not last For a long
period of time, but deviated in two minutes

But the energy released at this moment

equivalent to 100 trillion nuclear weapons
Each second goes through 100 billion years

High-energy
concentrated light beam

And hit hard enough to evaporate nearby planets

like the Great Torch,
but more like a supernova

The idea that instead of blowing a star ,,,
to propagate the fruits in all directions

What if it somehow exploded a
direction instead of each direction?

Somehow, it concentrates all the material
thrown like a beam of the explosion

The main idea here is that we're not talking about anything
Explode as an axis and spread its energy in all directions

The gamma ray burst is concentrated and
takes all its energy and its point in us

He is directly called to us, for this is very powerful

A gamma-ray explosion in 2008 would collide The
earth direct, but it comes from a great distance

Where this superior weapon seemed to have lost its power

Astronomers quickly calculated the origin of the beam

They identified a location on the other side of the universe

This cosmic bullet has remained Traveling
through space for seven billion years

Much more than our solar system

We are talking about something high energy

If you look at it with the naked eye To see it,
although it is seven billion light-years away

Can you imagine something?
High energy and violent

It seems to be a beautiful star in the sky

Think about it for a second

We have something very bright that can be seen with the naked eye
Although it is about half the distance of the visible universe

In 2008, we were lucky.

If the same gamma-ray burst were erased
A few thousand light-years distant

To transform the surface of the Earth into a plasma

But we're safe now

These things happen somewhere in the universe every day

Every day, I did not miss it here.

Not every one or a thousand years, but every day

Somewhere in the Balkans and in the hundreds of
billions The galaxies that make up our universe

There is a supernova that emits these explosions. It
burns everything up within a few hundred light-years

Where do the explosions that
dissolve planets come from?

And to what extent should we be concerned?

What do you do to get a big star going fast?

A huge star spins fast And
burn all your nuclear energy

Has a nucleus of year in the center

This iron pulp becomes non-ferrous and
stable and collapses into a star of n utrons

If the neutron star turned quickly

This means that if it turns a thousand times a second,
it will have an enormous amount of cyclic energy

This energy is concentrated when the star
shrinks Strong magnetic fields of n utrons

With nowhere else to go, it explodes Energy
confined to the n estrelautron star's blades

It makes an emission as
Age of the toothpaste tube

Emission can reach the star in all directions

He prepares a magnetic bomb and then exports it
Emissons that destroy the star in one direction

To leave each pole,
North pole and Antarctica

And the amount of energy concentrated
in these bundles makes them death rays

These are the most powerful events
occurring in the contemporary universe

What is the probability of direct damage to the earth?

The simple answer, I do not know

The problem of bursts of gamma
rays this dangerous place very far

Maybe stars are about to make explosions Gamma rays
are directed at us and we do not know about them

We scan the c u and know The
stars we think are serious

We do not seem to look at the barrel of the gun.

Maybe we'll be safe by now.

We do not have to worry about the
night To kill us with gamma-ray bursts

But the universe is large and aged, and that
means that strange things always happen

We can destroy our solar system
With a gamma ray burst in the future

, But the universe spacious, we are small
targets is likely to be in our favor

However, he grabbed Silicon
at another deadly assassin

They think that this star is a bad guy The same
killer who will destroy the earth at the end

Now we know that our universe is full of deadly stars

We know the existence of a
planet Somewhere about to burn

But even recently, our guide to this
The Planetary Incubator was indirect

We saw many stars of death Who
burn the planets all the time

We did not see any of these planets
These stars destroy them only once

Turned out to be a planet like Earth

It was about a star much like the sun before

00:36:44,992 --> 00:36:49,596
"Astronomers Scouts" David
Kiping "In statements by Kepler

A telescope designed to monitor planets The
Ministry of Foreign Affairs passes by its stars

Your attention draws a white hand with an unusual digital print

Instead of decreasing its light with a regular circular planet

The small star appeared surrounded
by rusty rocks and broken dust

See from this white an Muitos
Many decrease in their brightness

Perhaps it would obscure up to 40% of the light

In some periods of spacing, however
everything in about five hours

What is the rotation of things
close to and in a clustered group?

What can these aggregate groups be?

too dense to be a group of asteroids

And very close to your star to be comets

Our best explanation was that it was not a
planet Solo revolves around this white year

But the miniature planets, perhaps the product of a destroyed planet

The white an foi was caught in the act of killing his planet.

a very close planet
From this white year

The forces of the seas were created
The white anq that separates the planet

Now we see fallow autumn
On the surface of the white

It was a good find, I mean, our expectation
happened But to see direct evidence of the eye

I mean, seeing an accident on the planet in front of you was
Confirmation of something that we have long anticipated

We just saw a star kill a planet.

But scientists believe that crime
This occurs throughout the universe

If white people could destroy the planets

That means ninety percent of the stars
are capable of destroying planets

There is no safe refuge for planets.

also a bleak perspective for the future

Our sun will start in a few billion
General in transition for a white year

Inflicts initially to swallow both planets
Internal rocks of Mercury and Venus

This means that the planets rotate in the sun

Generally, we cross the void of space Something
changes the way we move through the star

But within the g s of the
sun Many intensify this orbit

This will displace the energy of the planets

They will turn more and more to the star

Our inflated star explodes its entire outer layers

To leave a dense white an

He reveals the burning earth in The
orbit of death decreases to the sun

If you get closer than white, you're lost.

Because your rocky planet will be torn at the end

The intense gravity of our white ani tightens
On the burned remains of the inner planets

A piece torn

If the planet survived in the sun

It is now near the surface of this white an

Mercury will disappear first, rip

The flower will rip

In the end, the Earth will be eliminated

, Maybe in a few billion years A space
civilization will look at the sun

The sun is no longer the bright star
Huge, it is now a dead white an En

They will observe the same planet The
size of the earth revolves around it

But the planet similar to the case with
Kepler's data will end with your eyes

They will ask if they have been in the past Civilization
or life on this planet, the size of the Earth

The star that gives us light today And
heat, our planet will be shattered one day

Our sun will become a deadly star

But the atoms that are the planet All
around us will return to the universe

When our dead star gradually disappears

New stars can be constituted by these relics

The cycle of life and death can be restored in the universe

It's sad to think of a star that kills planets.

Because the stars are blowing
life Our sun gives us life

It's because of them.

But it will also kill us at the end.

Revive the stars and our deadlines

Stars may look evil, but not life without death

The cycle of the universe must rotate

the right path to the universe