How the Universe Works (2010–…): Season 4, Episode 8 - Forces of Mass Construction - full transcript
There's a mysterious force you can't see or touch, but it affects everything in the universe. Magnetism has shaped our cosmos, and without it, Creation would simply disintegrate. We follow scientists trying to understand how this strange force works.
The scheme of the universe
Magnetism decree
Magnetic fields help stars ignite
They form whole galaxies
And the same force that makes magnetism
Is the adhesive that holds all the materials together
Without this cosmic sticker
There will be no stars or planets
Or human beings or light
"The Ways of the Universe"
"The forces of mass destruction"
, 27 December 2004
, While America was asleep
Shock wave of cosmic radiation
I rushed through space at the speed of light
He saw no one coming
The radiation hit the ground
To rip part of the upper atmosphere
It was the most amazing event we have ever seen
In modern astrophysics
The gift of energy is huge
Equivalent to annual output
For a quarter million sun-sized stars
But where did she come from?
Biggest flashpoint?
An outlet of a huge black hole?
It turned out to be a small star official
In the far side of Milky Way
Magnetic field stronger than anything
Scientists have seen it before
From a distance of fifty thousand years
Light, this small body
Only a few miles before he had a fit
She physically affected the earth
To understand how this little star has become a deadly weapon
We have to take magnetism
Magnets look simple
Either you snuggle or disobey
Maybe they were playing with magnets
And try to bring it closer
And she approached and clung to one another
Some attract
But if you reverse it, it will turn away
How can magnets attract and drive?
The amazing answer .. Light
It turns out that what is happening is there
Particles exchange between this
Magnet and that magnet
These particles are called photons
They are the same photons that make light
Photons are groups of energy monitored by our eyes
To see the world around us
And in the world of quantum quantum mechanics
Photons in the heart of magnetism
Submerged down to the subatomic level
We see atoms as nuclei
Surrounded by a cloud of electrons
Think about the composition of the atom
There is a positive charge of the nucleus
Electrons have a negative charge
They attract each other
To illustrate this attraction, quantum physicists
They assume that protons and electrons are subtracted
Short-term emissions from photons
The two different particles of the charge absorb light from each other
This attracts the particle to each other
This gravitational force is known as electromagnetism
The atoms were not sticking to each other
Without the presence of electromagnetic forces
Electromagnetic also works on
Connect the atoms to each other
To make the molecules that we make
And all around us
Electromagnetism is responsible
... about the installation of our material
The atoms are interconnected
Molecular links in our bodies are linked together
Electromagnetic reactions
So they are connected together with light
The universe without electromagnetism
Games
00:04:58,163 --> 00:05:00,765
Will be torn
If the electromagnetic is stopped
The article has been moved
Everything will be torn
I have my mighty strength
To hold you, but you will perish
Electromagnetism does not bind everything
But it gives things its hardness
When you meditate something
This is also an electromagnetic force
We have electrons in our atoms and repel some of them
When we try to touch something, those forces
It prevents you from actually trying to touch it
The reason I do not fall across the ladder
Not because the ladder is solid
Most of the stairs are vacuum
They are the electrical forces of the atoms in the stairs
Off the electrical forces of the atoms in my body
That hold me
These simple powers of those few atoms are enough
To pull me off the entire gravitational force
Of the Earth
Electromagnetism prevails
Electromagnetism prevails on earth, and in the night sky
In fact, powers
Electromagnetism forms the night sky
Return in time to the universe
Only 380,000 years old
At that time, the universe was only a raging mix
Of subatomic particles
Protons and electrons and between them
Light energy
In the newborn universe, there were no atoms
Because the energy was too large
So that it separated the charged particles
Which is found in a thick soup and very hot
Then everything changed
In the time between the age of the universe is accurate
When he was 300,000 years old
Electromagnetism slowly came to the vanguard
Protons and electrons began
Affected by electrical forces
The seeds were merged
Electromagnetism began
Basically by defining a dynamic
Material, and composition of everything we see
Electromagnetism attracted
Electrons and protons together
To form the first elements, hydrogen and helium
And the light trapped between those elementary particles
He was free
For the first time ever, the lights of the universe
It was started
When the atoms
The nascent spin around each other
Its mass magnetic effect began to work
The smallest magnets in the universe
Are the atoms themselves that are essentially made
Micro magnetic electrodes
In the world scale under atomic
In the end, these micro-magnets are messy
Start to docking
Generates large magnetic lines
Also known as magnetic fields
, Then over time
Those magnetic fields began to increase
So all fields
The magnetism we see today
In our universe we can attribute it to those
Primary magnetic fields
He conducted a revolutionary new research into these
The original magnetic fields
Change everything we thought
How to configure stars
The old picture of how stars originate
You only need gravity and time
But we realized that the problem
More complicated than that
These magnetic fields play a vital role
It is possible without
Those magnetic fields
The stars themselves did not arise
After the Big Bang a year
Magnetism is about to
Ignite these first stars of life
Previously we thought that star formation was easy
Take a huge cloud of gas
And add some gravity
Wait for gravity to crush the gas
To a hot ball of plasma
Heat and pressure rise until fusion occurs
A star is born
Scientists now believe that
Gravity alone is not enough
To build a star, you also need magnetism
The main engine is when
Star formation is gravity
The material is concentrated in the middle to form a star
And while this star is formed
There is a substance around it
The central mass is attracted to its attractiveness
but there is a problem
That substance has what we call angular momentum
Angular momentum is the force of rotation
Which keeps the turnover
Pull the gas around the center
The assembled star
It works opposite gravity
Which crushes the gas into a thin disc
Angular momentum and gravity are essentially in a fight
What angular momentum maintains
Things are spinning out here
While gravity tries to stifle them
Towards the middle
If we could somehow
By weakening this angular momentum
The composition of the star will be completed
Young stars, or primary stars
Do not ignite unless the central gas cloud has reached
Into a very hot, overcrowded state
But the disc rotates around the center very quickly
Gravity is difficult to do
Scientists now realize that a third force
In the theater here
Where magnetism can play a role
First Star Magnetism, Constituent Star
It can affect and slow down the disc
, And allow him to fall to the center
The star helps to form
Rotary gas in the formed star
And the disk surrounding it
They generate strong magnetic fields
These fields pick up particles that are fast moving
It slowed down
Magnetism acts as a cosmic brake
Slow down a bit
Finally, it turns towards the middle
Gravity begins to win
Gravity overrides angular momentum
The composition of the star occurs
Gravity pulls the inertial disc
It will crush it until the gas condenses and ignites
The star explodes with life
This is our universe as it looked 12 billion years ago
The invading universe is full of blooms
Where gravity and magnetism are based
By pulling out the hydrogen gas
To configure stars
Some of the biggest stars are burning
Its hydrogen fuel is fast
Without the power of integration
There will be nothing to fight against gravity
This may sometimes occur
To a violent magnetic death
When the star collapses and explodes into a greater velocity
External gas layers
The star is rushing toward space
The core of the star is crushed inside
To enhance its magnetism
If you look at the stars
For almost all stars
Strong magnetic fields in its surface
When the star dies, it collapses
And the amount of magnetism must remain
If the surface of the star has decreased
A thousand times or ten thousand times
It means that the magnetic field intensity
Should be increased by the same amount
When the core of the supernova collapses
The strength of the magnetic field grows
At the end of this command
You get a 12 mile ball
Called a magnetic star
These dense balls have
Magnetic fields are very strong
In fact, the strongest magnetic fields in the universe
The magnetic field may be a trillion times stronger
Of the Earth's magnetic field
If you come too close to a magnetic star
He may be doing this
Strong magnetic ripping
Where your atoms can not stay together
Close to this strong magnetic field
Massive stars with potential
Composition of magnetic stars
Still exist through our universe
Scientists know that there are 23 stars
Magnetically in our galaxy today
One of which is SGR1806-20
Fifty thousand light years away
Is the same magnetic giant that launched the attack
On the ground in 2004
The blast prompted an earthquake
It is like a Earth quake but it is a star
And the crust of the star slipped that much
About centimeter
Show your finger, but it was much larger
Of any earthquake on the planet
Million times more powerful
The magnetic field is associated with the material inside it
, When the crust slipped
The magnetic field also slipped
He unleashed a powerful emission of energy
So that it is 50,000 light years away
He physically affected our planet
Luckily it happened in the middle of the galaxy
If this thing happened nearby
The effect would be huge
The magnetic star on the
After two light-years of earth
Will destroy our planet
There will be an emission
Of radiation can actually
Tearing our air cover
Without an atmosphere, there is no air to breathe
Animal life will die
Without atmospheric pressure, the seas will boil
The earth will fall like a lifeless rock
Spin through space
In the World Monster Show of Monsters and Ghouls
And scary things at night
I think the magnetic stars at the top of the list
Very scary things
During the violent birth of magnetic stars
Great eruptions erupt
Shock waves towards Milky Way
In these shock waves
Scientists look for signs
Of some of the largest magnetic fields
...in the universe
So huge that it swallows our entire galaxy
For centuries we have been studying our galaxy
...Milky Way
We draw gas and dust maps and 200 billion stars
In the skies of Lille
But it turned out that we were missing something
Something great
A giant network of magnetic fields
Fill our galaxy from first to last
It is the largest single installation in the Milky Way
A single atom may have a magnetic field
The magnets rod has a magnetic field
I also have the earth, and I have the sun
In fact, it has huge structures like galaxies
The Hungarian magnetic field is huge
It's basically the size of the entire Milky Way
Magnetic field that can accommodate our rotary mill
Its width is 150,000 light years
Its thickness is 30,000 light years
Astronomers who analyze
Map of magnetic lines
Which form the Hungarian field
They discover something amazing
Rotating motion of stars and pulling gas
Which fills our galaxy does not explain
All the magnetism we see
There is something else out there
Makes giant magnetic fields
Where do these huge magnetic fields come from?
Where the fields come from
Magnetic sweeps of the galaxy?
Scientists obtained their first evidence of origin
Those mysterious magnetic fields
Looking at the remains of dead stars long ago
The chair is a "supernova"
A huge ball of gas and dust is rushing towards space
By an explosive star
Its light first reached the Earth three hundred years ago
Astronomers who follow
Evolution of magnetic fields
Through its expanding expanse of gas
They discovered that the fields were on the main border of the remains
Which was reinforced when it collided with a nearby pull
Of interstellar gas
Shock waves can be triggered by precipitation
Great to make excess magnetism
Which we see in the Milky Way today?
A new generation of empirical cosmologists
They insist on finding out
Gina Monica "uses one of the"
The most powerful laser in the world
To simulate shock waves
For the supernova in the laboratory
What I can do
Is the use of huge laser devices
In fact, bigger
Laser devices on the ground for manufacture
Super Raiders Nine Comfort Your Hands
Gina starts the experiment
Place a small piece of carbon rod
To laser range
The six laser beams are all on the carbon rod
In a room filled with gas, which happens
That the article would expand in a catalytic manner
To create a shock wave, hope
That shock wave generates magnetic fields
Well, the closure is done for launch
Let everyone out
This is the west target
We closed and ready to launch
Full energy in the six rays
The laser working team is aiming
On a small carbon target
The laser is heating
Target for more than a million degrees
Carbon explodes to produce shock waves
Beat the surrounding gas
We succeeded
We succeeded in correcting
It seems that the laser hit our target accurately
We have this shock wave
Beautifully resurrected
The laser came from this direction
And struck our carbon rod
These are all the relics that were moving
three hundred fifty
00:21:44,170 --> 00:21:46,773
Very quickly, these
Shock wave generated
As a result
In-room monitoring devices
Confirm that the shock wave
It has generated powerful magnetic fields
When I hit the gas around
This shock wave moves through space
This is what makes all these magnetic fields
Along the front
Jenna believes that the process is similar
They make large magnetic fields in space
The shock waves of the great interceptors collide
Pulling a giant gas between the stars
Such as the tsunami
The quick-moving introduction to gas rages
Particles charged inside a gas cloud
Collide with each other
To create strong magnetic fields
Which extends far into space
So we have a mixture of charged particles
Which spin and move quickly in chaotic ways
When you have such activity
You have magnetic fields
The shock waves of the superconductor are responsible for
Most of the excess magnetism in the Milky Way
But not all of them
Because it is not the only cosmic phenomenon
With great power to hit
The black holes are overflowing
A competitor of very hot materials
Towards space
These vents penetrate the gas clouds
To create the disorder that is born
Other strong magnetic fields
Sometimes the gas withdrawal collides with each other with extreme violence
Creating huge magnetic storms
Shock waves are steroid
Which strengthens muscles
Magnetism of Milky Way
And distribution of that magnetic mass
Perhaps the key to solving one of the greatest mysteries
... in cosmology
Why do you miss the night sky?
More than a trillion stars
There are speeches in our galaxy
There are not enough stars
The Milky Way consists of
More than two hundred billion stars
Line up in a flat snail
But there should be more there, a lot
One of the hardest things to understand
About Milky Way is
Why there are few stars
Should possess Milky Way
Ten times its current stars
But it does not
One big question, why?
According to the laws of traditional physics
The Milky Way should have been larger
It is surrounded by a giant pull of gas and dust
Building units for new stars
Over billions of years
The great attraction of Milky Way
These clouds should be absorbed within their boundaries
But scientists believe the universe
Today the magnetic fields
Contrast with star formation
There is a huge amount of gas
Which come from outside the galaxy
Which you want to fall down and then be available
To configure stars
What prevents all this gas and dust
Which we know exist
Is there a switch to stars?
Magnetic fields may be the cause
How did the magnetism
If the Milky Way is disabled
From inflation?
Ten billion years ago, the fledgling Milky Way
It was only a huge ball of stars
But over time, he worked
Flatten the ball to a disk
The disc increased when she did
Its great attractiveness
More and more stars
Gravity in the end
Is primarily responsible for the compression of the material
Which are galaxies
When the material begins to move and interact
Magnetic fields become important
First shock waves
The great intercessors make trouble
Venture magnetic fields
To the neonatal disk of the Milky Way
When the disc rotates, the
Those magnetic lines
Weave a protective cloak around the young galaxy
Here is the problem, our galaxy
Network overlapping
Of magnetic field lines
And magnetism can
Prevent materials from falling
On the center of the galaxy
This network has been corrupted
Formation of stars in Milky Way
Magnetic fields play a prominent role
In the removal of this gas
This disables star formation
The composition of new stars was quickly corrupted
As we thought it was
Will be formed in the Milky Way
Magnetic fields surrounding the Milky Way
Prevent gas from falling
For inside and the formation of new stars
But powerful magnetic fields are also circulating
Across the flat disk of the galaxy
New theory assumes that
Internal magnetic fields
... may play a big role in the evolution of galaxies
Distribute stars
Including our star, the sun
The guide comes from a galaxy
2.7 million light-years away
Scientists look at the triangle galaxy
... and they find something amazing
Stars are bursting with life
In line up all of them regularly
Through the spiral arms of the galaxy
Where vast magnetic fields are clustered
What we begin to see now
We discover gas clouds where the stars are made up
Queued, and one way to occur this stacking
By making magnetic fields
Magnetic field lines act as a highway
Of the charged particles
She wants the charged particles to follow her path
Charged particles in the gas clouds inside the galaxy
Turn towards spiral arms
By magnetic fields
Here, the gas clouds condense
Allows star formation to occur
Gravity is responsible for the formation of galaxies
But magnetism is what they form
Magnetism may have reduced the number of stars
Which we see today in
... Milky Way, and determine their positions
Including the position of the nearest star of the earth, the sun
The sun provides us with energy
Which markets most of life on earth
... but without magnetism to tame it
That energy was fortified
Earth's defenses seem to be on the way to weakness
Pulp dissolved earth rotor
Generates a magnetic field that emerges from the poles
Our entire planet is enveloped in a blanket of magnetism
This field of invisible power
Reflects deadly charged particles
Which flow from the sun
Protecting us and protecting our cover from catastrophic destruction
Scientists now fear that we
Perhaps we lose this vital shield
In the last 200 years, it has weakened
, About 10 percent
If it continues at this rate
Will disappear in two thousand years
If it disappeared forever
We will have a long-term problem
What will happen to the Earth?
If we lose our magnetic shields?
To know that, we have to look at our planetary neighbor
Mars may have appeared in the past as Earth
With a thick atmosphere and water on its surface
That disappeared, why?
We know that Mars has no strong magnetic field
That means he could not
Protect itself from solar wind
These particles flow from the sun
It hits the Martian atmosphere and tears it
Its atmosphere has been removed
By solar wind
For not having a protective cover
Of the magnetic field
If we look at Mars today, it's cold
Lifeless arid
Because it does not have an envelope
Is it destined for our planet
To lose its magnetic field
And it becomes an arid place like Mars?
Geophysicist Dan Lathrop and his team
They built a replica of the core of the earth
To accelerate the development of magnetic fields
Lathrop wanted to know that
Earth's magnetism was diminishing
Part of a normal cycle
Of the increases and decreases
Or indicates the beginning of a final decline
Conducting such an experiment will allow you to approach
Of something like the core of the planet
More than any other means
The iron is too hot to handle
So Lathrop fills his ten-foot ball
... the best thing after
Twelve and a half tons of liquid sodium metal
When we conduct the experiment
The main thing that we are trying to try
Is the understanding of how the rotary mass of liquid sodium
This troubled turbulent flow of liquid metal
... to generate electric currents and magnetic fields
And try to use it to understand
How the planets do the same thing
Lathrop runs the engine, spins the ball
... to simulate the rotation of our planet
But 350,000 times faster
Inside the roller ball, begins
Sodium dissolved in spin
Charged particles around the core accelerate
well, that is good
It starts to appear
A magnetic field appears
Of the poles of the ball
It looks like a field that protects the earth
Lathrop measures the declines
In the strength of the magnetic field of the ball
But those declines are disappearing and rising again
Lathrop also saw magnetic poles
For his experience moving
Amazingly, scientists found that the poles of the earth
They do likewise
When we look at the Earth's magnetic field
We can see that direction
Which is indicated by compasses
Moving north
At a rate of tens of miles per year
"I moved from Canada
"It is now heading to the side of" Siberia
Do you continue towards "Siberia" and beyond
Or come back to Canada?
It is difficult to predict what will happen
To try to predict the future
Scientists are looking for signs in
Magnetic past of our planet
, "Planetary Scientist" Jenny Radebo "in Hawaii
Home to "Kelawia", the most active volcanoes in the world
Making it the best natural laboratory
To study the Earth's magnetic history
Great about the flow of lava they confine
Earth's magnetic field
Then freeze it somewhere
If we caught rocks
Of these folic acid flows
We can see direction
Magnetic field in the past
Lava contains iron elements
When melted, iron elements are lined
With the Earth's magnetic field
When the lava cooled
This trend is frozen in position
Drilling through the past lava layers
Scientists have shown a magnetic record
It goes back millions of years
It shows that the area of ??the earth is not only weak and moving
From time to time, the whole field is reflected
The North and South Pole interchange
The field is aligned for a particular direction for a period
Even if they were raised in this column
From the lava rocks, we find that the field has turned
For the opposite direction completely
One hundred and eighty degrees from what it is now
This has happened several times, dozens of times
This tells us that the magnetic field of the earth
Change direction, not on a regular basis
, But from time to time
In a break of tens of thousands of years
Perhaps even two million years between them
It is reflected from north to south
To change trends throughout Earth's history
How the reflection will affect
Next on life on Earth?
The answer is amazing .. a little
The biologists deepened
In the fossil record of the Earth
They discovered that the reflections
Magnetism is not catastrophic
What we know is that it will not be long
To remain unprotected for a long time
So wipe out life
We do not see collective oppression
Reflection of the magnetic field
So we realize that it is relatively fast
Earth's magnetic shield
He protected life from sun radiation
Billions of years
And will continue to do so
But we are different from our ancestors
We harness the power of electromagnetic
Each device extends energy to our technique
This puts us at risk
Of a threat that could destroy humanity
Humankind may go without knowing
Towards a major disaster
We have built our civilization
On electromagnetic bases
There is a threat in the sky
May destroy it at any moment
We rely on the sun from
, For our lives and for our civilization
But it could easily rob this
We have wires everywhere
We use it to transport currents
But this infrastructure is vulnerable
For activity on the sun
We are protected all the time from the solar wind
... the magnetic field of our planet
But the sun also has a magnetic field
And sometimes become magnetic lines
Weapons of mass destruction
Magnetic fields
Store a huge amount of energy
The sun has surplus of it
If she remained, it is not a problem
But what happens is that
Magnetic lines may be attacked
When the magnetic field is attacked
It frees up all its stored capacity
The surface of the sun rises, to explode
Magneticly charged shells of particles
Called "coronal mass emission
Mass emission
To detonate that energy
There is a huge amount of subatomic particles
About 1 billion tons
Which explodes from the sun
And progress towards interplanetary space
I have this cloud of
Particles are their magnetic field
Who goes with her, even if he struck the earth
They can interact with our magnetic field
When mass emission collides
The magnetic field of the Earth
The collision may occur in a rush
Of the current in the power lines
Which transmit energy to our homes and businesses
All our electromagnetism infrastructures
All power lines, transistors, and everything
All of this absorbs this current
The load may increase on the circuit
Causing electricity interruptions
And a lot of inconvenience to society
The earth hits about 150 emission
Eucalyptus kidney each year
Most of them are small, causing interruptions
The current is at worst
But the sun has the potential
To unleash a devastating coronal mass emission
At first, this shell
Of charged particles
Will hit the satellites
Which revolves around the earth
A huge solar storm
May affect satellites
And it is disrupted
We may lose contact, may
We lose GPS
The Global Positioning System is used
In all stock markets
across the world
, Without satellites
The financial infrastructure of the world
Will collapse
The planes will land on the ground
The sea lines will be closed
Mobile connections will be interrupted
We rely on all those
Things in our monetary system
In our financial system, and for our civilization
After the destruction of satellites
The mass emission energy
The coronal will affect the earth
Strong electric current
Will run through the power lines
To increase loads on networks
Electricity all over the world
The substations will explode in a barrage of sparks
Imagine a stormy solar event
An explosion we have not seen before
Causing huge electrical outages
Imagine the entire United States
Cover in total darkness
It will take years and billions of dollars
To repair electrical infrastructure
Building and launching new satellites
A huge storm could destroy our civilization
Magnetism threatens to destroy our society
But our electromagnetic behavior does not give up easily
It is the force that protects us
Allowing life to flourish on our planet
It builds our sun and even
The galaxy we live in
Without magnetism, there is nothing
Magneticity affects processes
Ranging from the formation of galaxies
To star formation
Even processes that provide us with energy
Magnetism is central to our existence in the universe
Of corn and above
Magnetism forms every body in the universe
It is the greatest force of mass destruction
It is responsible for nature
The same article
It is responsible for holding the earth
For their atmosphere and their water
You have to remember every day of your life
You are here because of magnetism
Magnetism decree
Magnetic fields help stars ignite
They form whole galaxies
And the same force that makes magnetism
Is the adhesive that holds all the materials together
Without this cosmic sticker
There will be no stars or planets
Or human beings or light
"The Ways of the Universe"
"The forces of mass destruction"
, 27 December 2004
, While America was asleep
Shock wave of cosmic radiation
I rushed through space at the speed of light
He saw no one coming
The radiation hit the ground
To rip part of the upper atmosphere
It was the most amazing event we have ever seen
In modern astrophysics
The gift of energy is huge
Equivalent to annual output
For a quarter million sun-sized stars
But where did she come from?
Biggest flashpoint?
An outlet of a huge black hole?
It turned out to be a small star official
In the far side of Milky Way
Magnetic field stronger than anything
Scientists have seen it before
From a distance of fifty thousand years
Light, this small body
Only a few miles before he had a fit
She physically affected the earth
To understand how this little star has become a deadly weapon
We have to take magnetism
Magnets look simple
Either you snuggle or disobey
Maybe they were playing with magnets
And try to bring it closer
And she approached and clung to one another
Some attract
But if you reverse it, it will turn away
How can magnets attract and drive?
The amazing answer .. Light
It turns out that what is happening is there
Particles exchange between this
Magnet and that magnet
These particles are called photons
They are the same photons that make light
Photons are groups of energy monitored by our eyes
To see the world around us
And in the world of quantum quantum mechanics
Photons in the heart of magnetism
Submerged down to the subatomic level
We see atoms as nuclei
Surrounded by a cloud of electrons
Think about the composition of the atom
There is a positive charge of the nucleus
Electrons have a negative charge
They attract each other
To illustrate this attraction, quantum physicists
They assume that protons and electrons are subtracted
Short-term emissions from photons
The two different particles of the charge absorb light from each other
This attracts the particle to each other
This gravitational force is known as electromagnetism
The atoms were not sticking to each other
Without the presence of electromagnetic forces
Electromagnetic also works on
Connect the atoms to each other
To make the molecules that we make
And all around us
Electromagnetism is responsible
... about the installation of our material
The atoms are interconnected
Molecular links in our bodies are linked together
Electromagnetic reactions
So they are connected together with light
The universe without electromagnetism
Games
00:04:58,163 --> 00:05:00,765
Will be torn
If the electromagnetic is stopped
The article has been moved
Everything will be torn
I have my mighty strength
To hold you, but you will perish
Electromagnetism does not bind everything
But it gives things its hardness
When you meditate something
This is also an electromagnetic force
We have electrons in our atoms and repel some of them
When we try to touch something, those forces
It prevents you from actually trying to touch it
The reason I do not fall across the ladder
Not because the ladder is solid
Most of the stairs are vacuum
They are the electrical forces of the atoms in the stairs
Off the electrical forces of the atoms in my body
That hold me
These simple powers of those few atoms are enough
To pull me off the entire gravitational force
Of the Earth
Electromagnetism prevails
Electromagnetism prevails on earth, and in the night sky
In fact, powers
Electromagnetism forms the night sky
Return in time to the universe
Only 380,000 years old
At that time, the universe was only a raging mix
Of subatomic particles
Protons and electrons and between them
Light energy
In the newborn universe, there were no atoms
Because the energy was too large
So that it separated the charged particles
Which is found in a thick soup and very hot
Then everything changed
In the time between the age of the universe is accurate
When he was 300,000 years old
Electromagnetism slowly came to the vanguard
Protons and electrons began
Affected by electrical forces
The seeds were merged
Electromagnetism began
Basically by defining a dynamic
Material, and composition of everything we see
Electromagnetism attracted
Electrons and protons together
To form the first elements, hydrogen and helium
And the light trapped between those elementary particles
He was free
For the first time ever, the lights of the universe
It was started
When the atoms
The nascent spin around each other
Its mass magnetic effect began to work
The smallest magnets in the universe
Are the atoms themselves that are essentially made
Micro magnetic electrodes
In the world scale under atomic
In the end, these micro-magnets are messy
Start to docking
Generates large magnetic lines
Also known as magnetic fields
, Then over time
Those magnetic fields began to increase
So all fields
The magnetism we see today
In our universe we can attribute it to those
Primary magnetic fields
He conducted a revolutionary new research into these
The original magnetic fields
Change everything we thought
How to configure stars
The old picture of how stars originate
You only need gravity and time
But we realized that the problem
More complicated than that
These magnetic fields play a vital role
It is possible without
Those magnetic fields
The stars themselves did not arise
After the Big Bang a year
Magnetism is about to
Ignite these first stars of life
Previously we thought that star formation was easy
Take a huge cloud of gas
And add some gravity
Wait for gravity to crush the gas
To a hot ball of plasma
Heat and pressure rise until fusion occurs
A star is born
Scientists now believe that
Gravity alone is not enough
To build a star, you also need magnetism
The main engine is when
Star formation is gravity
The material is concentrated in the middle to form a star
And while this star is formed
There is a substance around it
The central mass is attracted to its attractiveness
but there is a problem
That substance has what we call angular momentum
Angular momentum is the force of rotation
Which keeps the turnover
Pull the gas around the center
The assembled star
It works opposite gravity
Which crushes the gas into a thin disc
Angular momentum and gravity are essentially in a fight
What angular momentum maintains
Things are spinning out here
While gravity tries to stifle them
Towards the middle
If we could somehow
By weakening this angular momentum
The composition of the star will be completed
Young stars, or primary stars
Do not ignite unless the central gas cloud has reached
Into a very hot, overcrowded state
But the disc rotates around the center very quickly
Gravity is difficult to do
Scientists now realize that a third force
In the theater here
Where magnetism can play a role
First Star Magnetism, Constituent Star
It can affect and slow down the disc
, And allow him to fall to the center
The star helps to form
Rotary gas in the formed star
And the disk surrounding it
They generate strong magnetic fields
These fields pick up particles that are fast moving
It slowed down
Magnetism acts as a cosmic brake
Slow down a bit
Finally, it turns towards the middle
Gravity begins to win
Gravity overrides angular momentum
The composition of the star occurs
Gravity pulls the inertial disc
It will crush it until the gas condenses and ignites
The star explodes with life
This is our universe as it looked 12 billion years ago
The invading universe is full of blooms
Where gravity and magnetism are based
By pulling out the hydrogen gas
To configure stars
Some of the biggest stars are burning
Its hydrogen fuel is fast
Without the power of integration
There will be nothing to fight against gravity
This may sometimes occur
To a violent magnetic death
When the star collapses and explodes into a greater velocity
External gas layers
The star is rushing toward space
The core of the star is crushed inside
To enhance its magnetism
If you look at the stars
For almost all stars
Strong magnetic fields in its surface
When the star dies, it collapses
And the amount of magnetism must remain
If the surface of the star has decreased
A thousand times or ten thousand times
It means that the magnetic field intensity
Should be increased by the same amount
When the core of the supernova collapses
The strength of the magnetic field grows
At the end of this command
You get a 12 mile ball
Called a magnetic star
These dense balls have
Magnetic fields are very strong
In fact, the strongest magnetic fields in the universe
The magnetic field may be a trillion times stronger
Of the Earth's magnetic field
If you come too close to a magnetic star
He may be doing this
Strong magnetic ripping
Where your atoms can not stay together
Close to this strong magnetic field
Massive stars with potential
Composition of magnetic stars
Still exist through our universe
Scientists know that there are 23 stars
Magnetically in our galaxy today
One of which is SGR1806-20
Fifty thousand light years away
Is the same magnetic giant that launched the attack
On the ground in 2004
The blast prompted an earthquake
It is like a Earth quake but it is a star
And the crust of the star slipped that much
About centimeter
Show your finger, but it was much larger
Of any earthquake on the planet
Million times more powerful
The magnetic field is associated with the material inside it
, When the crust slipped
The magnetic field also slipped
He unleashed a powerful emission of energy
So that it is 50,000 light years away
He physically affected our planet
Luckily it happened in the middle of the galaxy
If this thing happened nearby
The effect would be huge
The magnetic star on the
After two light-years of earth
Will destroy our planet
There will be an emission
Of radiation can actually
Tearing our air cover
Without an atmosphere, there is no air to breathe
Animal life will die
Without atmospheric pressure, the seas will boil
The earth will fall like a lifeless rock
Spin through space
In the World Monster Show of Monsters and Ghouls
And scary things at night
I think the magnetic stars at the top of the list
Very scary things
During the violent birth of magnetic stars
Great eruptions erupt
Shock waves towards Milky Way
In these shock waves
Scientists look for signs
Of some of the largest magnetic fields
...in the universe
So huge that it swallows our entire galaxy
For centuries we have been studying our galaxy
...Milky Way
We draw gas and dust maps and 200 billion stars
In the skies of Lille
But it turned out that we were missing something
Something great
A giant network of magnetic fields
Fill our galaxy from first to last
It is the largest single installation in the Milky Way
A single atom may have a magnetic field
The magnets rod has a magnetic field
I also have the earth, and I have the sun
In fact, it has huge structures like galaxies
The Hungarian magnetic field is huge
It's basically the size of the entire Milky Way
Magnetic field that can accommodate our rotary mill
Its width is 150,000 light years
Its thickness is 30,000 light years
Astronomers who analyze
Map of magnetic lines
Which form the Hungarian field
They discover something amazing
Rotating motion of stars and pulling gas
Which fills our galaxy does not explain
All the magnetism we see
There is something else out there
Makes giant magnetic fields
Where do these huge magnetic fields come from?
Where the fields come from
Magnetic sweeps of the galaxy?
Scientists obtained their first evidence of origin
Those mysterious magnetic fields
Looking at the remains of dead stars long ago
The chair is a "supernova"
A huge ball of gas and dust is rushing towards space
By an explosive star
Its light first reached the Earth three hundred years ago
Astronomers who follow
Evolution of magnetic fields
Through its expanding expanse of gas
They discovered that the fields were on the main border of the remains
Which was reinforced when it collided with a nearby pull
Of interstellar gas
Shock waves can be triggered by precipitation
Great to make excess magnetism
Which we see in the Milky Way today?
A new generation of empirical cosmologists
They insist on finding out
Gina Monica "uses one of the"
The most powerful laser in the world
To simulate shock waves
For the supernova in the laboratory
What I can do
Is the use of huge laser devices
In fact, bigger
Laser devices on the ground for manufacture
Super Raiders Nine Comfort Your Hands
Gina starts the experiment
Place a small piece of carbon rod
To laser range
The six laser beams are all on the carbon rod
In a room filled with gas, which happens
That the article would expand in a catalytic manner
To create a shock wave, hope
That shock wave generates magnetic fields
Well, the closure is done for launch
Let everyone out
This is the west target
We closed and ready to launch
Full energy in the six rays
The laser working team is aiming
On a small carbon target
The laser is heating
Target for more than a million degrees
Carbon explodes to produce shock waves
Beat the surrounding gas
We succeeded
We succeeded in correcting
It seems that the laser hit our target accurately
We have this shock wave
Beautifully resurrected
The laser came from this direction
And struck our carbon rod
These are all the relics that were moving
three hundred fifty
00:21:44,170 --> 00:21:46,773
Very quickly, these
Shock wave generated
As a result
In-room monitoring devices
Confirm that the shock wave
It has generated powerful magnetic fields
When I hit the gas around
This shock wave moves through space
This is what makes all these magnetic fields
Along the front
Jenna believes that the process is similar
They make large magnetic fields in space
The shock waves of the great interceptors collide
Pulling a giant gas between the stars
Such as the tsunami
The quick-moving introduction to gas rages
Particles charged inside a gas cloud
Collide with each other
To create strong magnetic fields
Which extends far into space
So we have a mixture of charged particles
Which spin and move quickly in chaotic ways
When you have such activity
You have magnetic fields
The shock waves of the superconductor are responsible for
Most of the excess magnetism in the Milky Way
But not all of them
Because it is not the only cosmic phenomenon
With great power to hit
The black holes are overflowing
A competitor of very hot materials
Towards space
These vents penetrate the gas clouds
To create the disorder that is born
Other strong magnetic fields
Sometimes the gas withdrawal collides with each other with extreme violence
Creating huge magnetic storms
Shock waves are steroid
Which strengthens muscles
Magnetism of Milky Way
And distribution of that magnetic mass
Perhaps the key to solving one of the greatest mysteries
... in cosmology
Why do you miss the night sky?
More than a trillion stars
There are speeches in our galaxy
There are not enough stars
The Milky Way consists of
More than two hundred billion stars
Line up in a flat snail
But there should be more there, a lot
One of the hardest things to understand
About Milky Way is
Why there are few stars
Should possess Milky Way
Ten times its current stars
But it does not
One big question, why?
According to the laws of traditional physics
The Milky Way should have been larger
It is surrounded by a giant pull of gas and dust
Building units for new stars
Over billions of years
The great attraction of Milky Way
These clouds should be absorbed within their boundaries
But scientists believe the universe
Today the magnetic fields
Contrast with star formation
There is a huge amount of gas
Which come from outside the galaxy
Which you want to fall down and then be available
To configure stars
What prevents all this gas and dust
Which we know exist
Is there a switch to stars?
Magnetic fields may be the cause
How did the magnetism
If the Milky Way is disabled
From inflation?
Ten billion years ago, the fledgling Milky Way
It was only a huge ball of stars
But over time, he worked
Flatten the ball to a disk
The disc increased when she did
Its great attractiveness
More and more stars
Gravity in the end
Is primarily responsible for the compression of the material
Which are galaxies
When the material begins to move and interact
Magnetic fields become important
First shock waves
The great intercessors make trouble
Venture magnetic fields
To the neonatal disk of the Milky Way
When the disc rotates, the
Those magnetic lines
Weave a protective cloak around the young galaxy
Here is the problem, our galaxy
Network overlapping
Of magnetic field lines
And magnetism can
Prevent materials from falling
On the center of the galaxy
This network has been corrupted
Formation of stars in Milky Way
Magnetic fields play a prominent role
In the removal of this gas
This disables star formation
The composition of new stars was quickly corrupted
As we thought it was
Will be formed in the Milky Way
Magnetic fields surrounding the Milky Way
Prevent gas from falling
For inside and the formation of new stars
But powerful magnetic fields are also circulating
Across the flat disk of the galaxy
New theory assumes that
Internal magnetic fields
... may play a big role in the evolution of galaxies
Distribute stars
Including our star, the sun
The guide comes from a galaxy
2.7 million light-years away
Scientists look at the triangle galaxy
... and they find something amazing
Stars are bursting with life
In line up all of them regularly
Through the spiral arms of the galaxy
Where vast magnetic fields are clustered
What we begin to see now
We discover gas clouds where the stars are made up
Queued, and one way to occur this stacking
By making magnetic fields
Magnetic field lines act as a highway
Of the charged particles
She wants the charged particles to follow her path
Charged particles in the gas clouds inside the galaxy
Turn towards spiral arms
By magnetic fields
Here, the gas clouds condense
Allows star formation to occur
Gravity is responsible for the formation of galaxies
But magnetism is what they form
Magnetism may have reduced the number of stars
Which we see today in
... Milky Way, and determine their positions
Including the position of the nearest star of the earth, the sun
The sun provides us with energy
Which markets most of life on earth
... but without magnetism to tame it
That energy was fortified
Earth's defenses seem to be on the way to weakness
Pulp dissolved earth rotor
Generates a magnetic field that emerges from the poles
Our entire planet is enveloped in a blanket of magnetism
This field of invisible power
Reflects deadly charged particles
Which flow from the sun
Protecting us and protecting our cover from catastrophic destruction
Scientists now fear that we
Perhaps we lose this vital shield
In the last 200 years, it has weakened
, About 10 percent
If it continues at this rate
Will disappear in two thousand years
If it disappeared forever
We will have a long-term problem
What will happen to the Earth?
If we lose our magnetic shields?
To know that, we have to look at our planetary neighbor
Mars may have appeared in the past as Earth
With a thick atmosphere and water on its surface
That disappeared, why?
We know that Mars has no strong magnetic field
That means he could not
Protect itself from solar wind
These particles flow from the sun
It hits the Martian atmosphere and tears it
Its atmosphere has been removed
By solar wind
For not having a protective cover
Of the magnetic field
If we look at Mars today, it's cold
Lifeless arid
Because it does not have an envelope
Is it destined for our planet
To lose its magnetic field
And it becomes an arid place like Mars?
Geophysicist Dan Lathrop and his team
They built a replica of the core of the earth
To accelerate the development of magnetic fields
Lathrop wanted to know that
Earth's magnetism was diminishing
Part of a normal cycle
Of the increases and decreases
Or indicates the beginning of a final decline
Conducting such an experiment will allow you to approach
Of something like the core of the planet
More than any other means
The iron is too hot to handle
So Lathrop fills his ten-foot ball
... the best thing after
Twelve and a half tons of liquid sodium metal
When we conduct the experiment
The main thing that we are trying to try
Is the understanding of how the rotary mass of liquid sodium
This troubled turbulent flow of liquid metal
... to generate electric currents and magnetic fields
And try to use it to understand
How the planets do the same thing
Lathrop runs the engine, spins the ball
... to simulate the rotation of our planet
But 350,000 times faster
Inside the roller ball, begins
Sodium dissolved in spin
Charged particles around the core accelerate
well, that is good
It starts to appear
A magnetic field appears
Of the poles of the ball
It looks like a field that protects the earth
Lathrop measures the declines
In the strength of the magnetic field of the ball
But those declines are disappearing and rising again
Lathrop also saw magnetic poles
For his experience moving
Amazingly, scientists found that the poles of the earth
They do likewise
When we look at the Earth's magnetic field
We can see that direction
Which is indicated by compasses
Moving north
At a rate of tens of miles per year
"I moved from Canada
"It is now heading to the side of" Siberia
Do you continue towards "Siberia" and beyond
Or come back to Canada?
It is difficult to predict what will happen
To try to predict the future
Scientists are looking for signs in
Magnetic past of our planet
, "Planetary Scientist" Jenny Radebo "in Hawaii
Home to "Kelawia", the most active volcanoes in the world
Making it the best natural laboratory
To study the Earth's magnetic history
Great about the flow of lava they confine
Earth's magnetic field
Then freeze it somewhere
If we caught rocks
Of these folic acid flows
We can see direction
Magnetic field in the past
Lava contains iron elements
When melted, iron elements are lined
With the Earth's magnetic field
When the lava cooled
This trend is frozen in position
Drilling through the past lava layers
Scientists have shown a magnetic record
It goes back millions of years
It shows that the area of ??the earth is not only weak and moving
From time to time, the whole field is reflected
The North and South Pole interchange
The field is aligned for a particular direction for a period
Even if they were raised in this column
From the lava rocks, we find that the field has turned
For the opposite direction completely
One hundred and eighty degrees from what it is now
This has happened several times, dozens of times
This tells us that the magnetic field of the earth
Change direction, not on a regular basis
, But from time to time
In a break of tens of thousands of years
Perhaps even two million years between them
It is reflected from north to south
To change trends throughout Earth's history
How the reflection will affect
Next on life on Earth?
The answer is amazing .. a little
The biologists deepened
In the fossil record of the Earth
They discovered that the reflections
Magnetism is not catastrophic
What we know is that it will not be long
To remain unprotected for a long time
So wipe out life
We do not see collective oppression
Reflection of the magnetic field
So we realize that it is relatively fast
Earth's magnetic shield
He protected life from sun radiation
Billions of years
And will continue to do so
But we are different from our ancestors
We harness the power of electromagnetic
Each device extends energy to our technique
This puts us at risk
Of a threat that could destroy humanity
Humankind may go without knowing
Towards a major disaster
We have built our civilization
On electromagnetic bases
There is a threat in the sky
May destroy it at any moment
We rely on the sun from
, For our lives and for our civilization
But it could easily rob this
We have wires everywhere
We use it to transport currents
But this infrastructure is vulnerable
For activity on the sun
We are protected all the time from the solar wind
... the magnetic field of our planet
But the sun also has a magnetic field
And sometimes become magnetic lines
Weapons of mass destruction
Magnetic fields
Store a huge amount of energy
The sun has surplus of it
If she remained, it is not a problem
But what happens is that
Magnetic lines may be attacked
When the magnetic field is attacked
It frees up all its stored capacity
The surface of the sun rises, to explode
Magneticly charged shells of particles
Called "coronal mass emission
Mass emission
To detonate that energy
There is a huge amount of subatomic particles
About 1 billion tons
Which explodes from the sun
And progress towards interplanetary space
I have this cloud of
Particles are their magnetic field
Who goes with her, even if he struck the earth
They can interact with our magnetic field
When mass emission collides
The magnetic field of the Earth
The collision may occur in a rush
Of the current in the power lines
Which transmit energy to our homes and businesses
All our electromagnetism infrastructures
All power lines, transistors, and everything
All of this absorbs this current
The load may increase on the circuit
Causing electricity interruptions
And a lot of inconvenience to society
The earth hits about 150 emission
Eucalyptus kidney each year
Most of them are small, causing interruptions
The current is at worst
But the sun has the potential
To unleash a devastating coronal mass emission
At first, this shell
Of charged particles
Will hit the satellites
Which revolves around the earth
A huge solar storm
May affect satellites
And it is disrupted
We may lose contact, may
We lose GPS
The Global Positioning System is used
In all stock markets
across the world
, Without satellites
The financial infrastructure of the world
Will collapse
The planes will land on the ground
The sea lines will be closed
Mobile connections will be interrupted
We rely on all those
Things in our monetary system
In our financial system, and for our civilization
After the destruction of satellites
The mass emission energy
The coronal will affect the earth
Strong electric current
Will run through the power lines
To increase loads on networks
Electricity all over the world
The substations will explode in a barrage of sparks
Imagine a stormy solar event
An explosion we have not seen before
Causing huge electrical outages
Imagine the entire United States
Cover in total darkness
It will take years and billions of dollars
To repair electrical infrastructure
Building and launching new satellites
A huge storm could destroy our civilization
Magnetism threatens to destroy our society
But our electromagnetic behavior does not give up easily
It is the force that protects us
Allowing life to flourish on our planet
It builds our sun and even
The galaxy we live in
Without magnetism, there is nothing
Magneticity affects processes
Ranging from the formation of galaxies
To star formation
Even processes that provide us with energy
Magnetism is central to our existence in the universe
Of corn and above
Magnetism forms every body in the universe
It is the greatest force of mass destruction
It is responsible for nature
The same article
It is responsible for holding the earth
For their atmosphere and their water
You have to remember every day of your life
You are here because of magnetism