How the Universe Works (2010–…): Season 4, Episode 6 - Secret History of the Moon - full transcript
Imagine a space scientist
A barren land
Hot enough to boil water
Where the mysterious drilling in the surface
Delegate from the impact of the battles
Reveal a maze of dusty tunnels
Each of them wide enough to leave a city
This world is dead
However, it broadcasts life on its nearest neighboring planet
This space place is closer than you imagine
It is our moon
"The Ways of the Universe"
Look at our system
Solar system from the perspective of a space visitor
What will surprise you?
What makes you reconsider?
The answer is not possible?
Our giant moon
If you look at our moon and its satellites
All other satellites in our solar system
It is very strange
It's huge, much bigger than
Other satellites in the solar system
Compared to his planet
It is a huge moon, it makes us
A binary planet. Two particles revolve around each other
To some extent
Our moon is near the size of a planet
Unique in the solar system
This is a giant delegate of
Battles serve as our guardian angel
His great appeal lifts the tide that leads life
In the Earth's oceans
The moon keeps our planet Milan
It regulates climate and seasons
Without the moon, when man came
We owe everything to the moon
Yet its composition is even greater
Mysterious Mysteries in Planetary Science
There are many theories about the emergence of our giant moon
But they all start in the same way
The formation of the inner solar system
4.6 billion years ago
When the solar system arose, it seemed
Is quite different from what it seems now
Instead of a few planets and a large space
Around the sun, there is a disk
This disk was thick
It consisted of gas, dust and rocky bodies
The sun shone with life
The distance of gas withdrawal nearby
The fallen rocky fallows gather together
Over time to be planets like Earth
But it is more than we see today
The huge rocks contend for their positions
Intersect in their struggle to find stable orbits
Could one of those planets be destined for him
To become our moon?
There are many theories
About the emergence of our giant moon
Assume a theory that he was walking around
In our system the sun and we were a whole
According to the theory of families
A passing planet passes very soon
Of the land of the young, and did
The gravity of our entire planet
The planet settled in Earth orbit
It became the moon we see today
This theory took everything
But scientists needed proof of their authenticity
It is true that the moon is a captive planet
We expect its components
Will be different from Earth
It was something that grew up in a place different from Earth
Then he was captured, so we expect them to be
Made of different materials
To prove the theory
Scientists needed to compare the first moon rocks
With similar samples on the ground
The best rock for comparison is a metal that is not formed
Except when the newborn moon was still melted
On the ground, this type of rock is formed
"In active places volcanoes such as" Iceland
Games
00:04:45,866 --> 00:04:48,201
This is what we want
You see this anorthoscope
Anorthosis is formed in a manner
Different from normal basalt
You may count it as white foam
On top of a dim beer, it floats upward
So in the magma environment
... consists and floats higher
Sea of ??magma
Take an anthurpose sample from the moon
Important because rocks are darker
Its chemical composition may be altered by asteroid collisions
We take a sample of those anortholic rocks
Because we will not know the origin of the moon
Of dark matter
We must have this rock composition to tell us about
The origin of the moon
, In the 1970s
Apollo astronauts collected samples
They brought her to the ground to compare them
The results stunned the scientific world
They found that the components of the moon
Almost identical
With ground crust components
So the hypothesis that the moon was
A captive planet from somewhere
In the solar system have been excluded
It can never be corrected
The rocks looked like earth in several respects
This was a mystery
Excluding the theory of the captive planet
Planetary scientists did something
"The scholars said," We must meet and know this
"They went together to a conference in" Kuna - Hawaii
All prominent scientists in planetary science
They argued all the salient assumptions
People thought that scientists without imagination
We're just robots looking at things and analyzing them
Not so
If you want to know how something like the moon grew up
Your imagination must be wild
And try to impose those crazy assumptions
But you must be bound by reality
They confined themselves together in a room
They left this meeting
"This is useful
The new theory
Focusing on water content
Of the moon rocks
It was surprisingly dry
Something must be heating
The moon is very hot
We were directed to think that it should
Be a kind of collision
The theory was based on a hypothesis
A catastrophic collision 4.5 billion years ago
But she did not hit the moon
She was hitting the ground
There was a crazy theory
That when the earth was formed
While she was young
Another particle the size of a planet
Something about the size of Mars
... came and hit the ground
He detonated a large quantity of material
Which merged and formed the moon
It was a fantastic hypothesis
She was a pioneer
Scientists have launched the planet
"Near the size of Mars by" Thea
Imagine how the collision happened
4.5 billion years ago
Thea hit the ground
The tossing of the collision is melting into space
Forming a ring of burning rocks around the earth
... if we can turn back time
We somehow stood on
The surface of the earth when the moon grew
It would have been amazing
A luminous ring of fire was stretching across the sky
There was a shiny ball here in the sky
Of glowing magma
With all the small berries and rocks that were attracted
To that point because of the enormous gravity
, It was the first moon
The particle that will eventually become
The moon in our skies today
Our moon grew up in less than a year
Its crust is chemically identical with the earth's crust
Because they share the same origin
, This collision theory, although it seemed strange
They do the best job in interpretation
Everything we see about the moon
Has become the hypothesis of the theoretical clash prominent
In the birth of our giant moon
But when the space probes
Visit the far side of the moon
I found what refutes the theory
Our moon has a secret
He grew up with a twin
Look at the moon tonight
You may see a familiar face
Or perhaps a rabbit
Or a tree, depending on your culture
Myths and myths surrounding the engraved forms
On the moon
But what you can
Those signs are to be cut off from a mystery
Our Giant Guard?
What we call the "human face moon" is only a chain
From light and dark patches
On the moon, of course
People are programmed to recognize faces everywhere
That's why we see this ... face
These dark patches look unique to the moon
Centuries ago, astronomers thought they saw
The vast ocean of liquid water
We now know that dark pigments are old floods
Of lava
"Scientist of Planetary Geology" by Gani Radhibo
Pick up a scene from above
"For similar characteristics on" Hawaii
Using a research camera
This flow of lava on which we stand is similar
The things we would see if we stood
On the dark patches of the moon
It's dark
It is made of basalt and flows
In a massive flow of lava across the surface
It turned out that the dark plains of lava on the moon
Are battle scars
Evidence of a violent past
Four billion years ago, asteroids raged
On the newborn moon, torn by its surface
Where the torn crust is thin
The melted lava flows
Hot Subcontinent of the Moon
Scattered in great pools
And harden to be scars
Which we see today from the earth
Strangely, though, the moon is spinning
The gravity of the earth is firmly attached to it
Where it is the same face
Directed to us in all ages
Making monuments on the far side of the moon
A great mystery
In all times, the distant side of the moon
It was invisible to the earth
It's the back side, you can not see it
, In 1959
"Soviet spacecraft" Luna-3
Passed by the distant moon
She filmed it for the first time
Astronomers thought the vision of vamps
White and black known
They received a big surprise
When the scientists saw the pictures, they were stunned
The far side looked different
Quite on the near side
It is filled with volcanoes
It looked like a huge split
No one expected it at all
There are still collision nozzles
Huge in the far side
But they were weak on a regular basis
There seemed to be no dark lava flow on the surface
But why?
The only solution we came up with
Is a difference in thickness between the crust
The near side and the farthest side crust
This must be the side
The remote is so thick that
Lava can not rise through it
And erupt out across the surface
In contrast, on the side
Facing, very high
Lava can easily climb through the cracks
And flow to the surface
NASA's new missions confirmed that the crust
In the back of the moon more than thirty thickness
Miles on the veneer on the facade
The far side is thicker
It is not as if a part of it is thick without the other
The other side of the moon
It has more crust
Thickness of near side
It's weird
One of the greatest mysteries in planetary science
For over fifty years
Why was the crust of the far side too thick?
Collision theory does not cover it
She formed the moon but did not say why
Quite different from one another
Unless something strange happens
New era of super computers bring
The first amazing explanation
Maybe the collision made "Thea" two satellites
Not a single moon
This dual birth may also be explained
Our moon is different sides
According to the theory, 4.5 billion years ago
There were two moons in the night sky
The younger moon pursued his older brother
Gradually approaching
... In the end, the two moons slowly merged
The smaller moon covered
The far side of the Big Moon
They made a new thicker crust
Not all collisions
High-speed violent incidents
Which extrudes materials everywhere
Instead of just bumping into him
He merged with him
Torn and merged with the moon
Basically, when you look at half of the moon
You see one body
And when you look at the other side of the moon
You see most of the other body that covered
The first body, for this is
Thicker in this aspect
Qamaran is one
The evidence of this global collision is increasing
At least within supercomputers
But not all astronomers are convinced
Looking in the sky for a different solution
And finally found it on a space planet
It was roasted alive
, 480 light-years away from our solar system
Earth-like rocky planet
It revolves around a star similar to the sun
But not a place of life
Corot-7b is "very close to its sun"
This strange outer planet
The star revolves around sixty times
From the distance of the earth's rotation around the sun
This great convergence remains one of the faces of the planet
Facing his partner
The face of the moon remains facing the earth
... and the result
Connie BBQ
Heat rises to more than 3000 degrees Fahrenheit
On the planet's closest face
The rock surface shrinks into a boiling ocean
Of liquid magma
In contrast, the shaded distant side of the planet
It has a hard and cool crust
This burning outer planet is inspiring
An amazing new theory about composition
Our moon is heterogeneous
297
00:16:54,605 ??--> 00:16:57,941
The hypothesis comes from two young researchers
They have no background on moon science
For I work in the field of outer planets, so I know little
About the lunar terrain when the whole thing started
In 2011, Jason Wright was discussing
The outer planets are close to their star with their colleagues
When the discussion turned to ambiguity
The crust of my face is the moon
And then I remembered that the moon when it was formed
It was very close to the ground, and the earth was
Very hot after the collision that the moon formed
In fact, the geometry itself is quite the same
"With the system" Corot-7B
That made me think
"Maybe something similar happened with the moon"
Suppose "Jason" that the earth is hot
The face of the moon was burned
Stars also burn planets nearby
If you imagine the composition of the moon
The earth was a huge burning ball hanging
In the sky, it will be the side
The distance to the moon is very cold
The face of the moon was hot
By the melted earth
The vast clouds of vapor
Metal flows from the hot surface
Feeding a cloud surrounding the moon
On the cold face, condensing
Those metals are falling rain
To adopt a thicker crust
It is an organized hypothesis, but it does not succeed
Unless the moon keeps one face
On the ground immediately after its formation
"Jason" asked the graduate "Arbita Roy
That she felt this was possible
When Jason came to me with the hypothesis
He was enthusiastic about her
I think it was strong
Check accounts of the moon's extended restriction
It was very easy
The figure was so small that we were surprised
It was about a hundred days
It is very fast in astronomical time scale
The scientific jump of "Arbeta" means
The near side of the moon is restricted to the earth
While our planet is still melted
To support Jason's theory of the flaming moon
It is still very new but has props
In science, if there were two theories explain something
In a good way, we will tend to theory
Which has a more natural result
This theory of inflamed land is a natural result
Because we do not know it happened
Fortunately, the surface of the earth
Cooler today
But the interior is still hot
Thanks to the radioactive decay of metals
three hundred fifty
00:19:44,542 --> 00:19:48,045
In the soles of the earth's core
This rising heat is what revolutionizes volcanoes
And the geological activity we see on the surface today
There are mountain chains that have made their way
And other mountain ranges that were put in the ocean
The earth's crust is constantly changing
The moon has no radiation
So scientists have always assumed that its center
Cool and its geological features are dead
But assume a series of unexplained observations
We are wrong again about the moon
One of the big questions we are trying to answer
Over the course of a few decades
Previous Is there any activity
Lag on the moon?
For hundreds of years, astronomers reported
About strange emissions of light from the moon
Others saw red flares
It lasted for minutes at a time
Do those rare signs show that the heart
The geology of the moon is still beating?
The moon is too small, so that it
For more than four billion years
He must have repented all this time
There are still things we see
Perhaps denote
That something is happening inside
Arsterx is a "volcanic zone"
In the north-west of the face near the moon
It is a hot spot in exotic sights
Scientists have reported more than seven hundred glare here
In the last 50 years
Even Neil Armstrong saw something strange
"From the window of a landing vehicle" Apollo-11
Houston, "I look north toward Erstrx now" {\ an5}
There is an {\ an5}
More light about it {\ an5}
There is a brilliance of it ... very light {\ an5}
Flag 11, we receive it
What is going on in Arsterx?
Volcanic aspects of the volcano
Give planetary scientists an idea
Because where there is smoke, there must be fire
Guide on how these events occur on the moon
Is its place
It is in a very privileged location
On the moon, it is very similar
What we stand now
Erstrx "covered with a great flood"
Of volcanic ash
Some scientists believe that those
Thin light material
Responsible for the evidence
The alien we see from the earth
The type of ash I'm carrying now
A little wet due to modern rains
... in the area, while the ash
Which we had to carry in the "Erstrx" would be soft
The gases emitted from this active volcano
Carry particles of fine volcanic ash
And evaporate into the air
The sun illuminates columns, making them visible for miles
Something similar might happen on the moon
There is gas, coming out of an outlet
Captures the very soft lunar dust and scatters it
Through its features
So we see it lit by sunlight
If the theory is correct
It means that the moon's volcanoes are still active
There is something amazing
It is hard to understand our minds
About the fact that the moon
It may still spring today
I mean we thought for years
The moon is cold and dead
But these events may now occur
This means that the moon is not dead
Moon neighborhood, this is very exciting
We thought we understood the moon
But the deeper the scientists
They found another secret
Probably the biggest secret yet
It was without the moon when we were here
The earth and the moon were born together
They have dramatically shaped the evolution of each other
We now believe that life has taken a strong start
With our giant moon
This is the Earth 4.4 billion years ago
Near the time scientists thought
That life on earth has begun
The newborn moon settles
Only fifteen thousand miles away
To appear more massive in the sky than today
His attractiveness raises an enormous range
In the warm, young Earth oceans
At that time, the tide could not be measured by foot
They were measured by miles
There were tsunami waves that were drifting
On the land and then retreat to the sea
The moon's gravity makes waves
Pulling the Earth's oceans towards it
In the bump of the water, when the earth revolves
This extrusion drifts on the land as a mound
The closer the moon, the greater the gravity
The tide was stronger
Some scientists believe that the rocky ponds are warm
Left by the first tidal waves
It has formed the ideal hydrocarbon space
For the components of life to come together
Good about the swamp
When environments change
Water progresses and brings nutrients and then recedes
The nutrients are concentrated
So there was a process
She focused on what was left behind
In a way that led to the emergence of life
4.4 billion years ago
Tidal waves provoked organic molecules
Of the earth's surface
When the tide recedes, these chemicals lag behind
In shallow rock pools
Then evaporate in the heat of the sun
To concentrate its chemical components
Perhaps the first life arose
Inside this organic rich stew
If we had little moons
Around the Earth like Mars
There were never waves
The tides that bear
Elements and energy to the beach environment
Where life may have had a foot
So, we did not have minerals
We did not have energy
Maybe we would not have had a life
Did the moon bring life to earth?
... Scientists are still deliberating, but surely
Smart life takes time to develop
In our case, at least four billion years
We gradually changed from simple single cells
To the creature who wonders about its origins
And the moon gave life to stability to develop
By maintaining the stability of the central tilt of the earth
For more than four billion years
The moon maintained this inclination and rose
By establishing the pivotal role
He maintained that the chapters were the same
Century after century, and millennium after millennium
When we look at Milan Earth
He was the same at the time
Where complex life was present
This is very important
When we came from simple creatures
Mono-cell to more complex creatures
The great balance has helped
How things are different
Without the moon?
Look at Mars only to see the catastrophic effects
The unstable mile
Mars already has a mile up to sixty degrees
... meant this
It was cool in the equator on Mars
It was warmer on the poles
This environment is very difficult
Life has to grow and flourish
When we look at Mars
We see his central tendency
... may swing to this degree
Which has curbed life
If the land is tilted to that problem
Ice ages ended and ended as seasons
Maybe life needed that
Start from scratch again and again
It does not have time to evolve into complex creatures
Mars acts as an indicator that our giant moon
He was a contributor to Genesis
Smart life on Earth
Scientists believe the increase
That global partnerships
A similarity is the key to finding
Other smart neighborhoods in the universe
When we look at the outer planets
And wonder you may contain
Civilizations and advanced forms of life
Some had large moons
Without others
We said to first see planets with moons
For this reason, we know
In this world, we have moon
Great and we have an advanced life
When we look beyond our solar system
We look at the galaxy
Look for outer planets
Which may be suitable for habitation
Maybe we should look for a particle
He has a giant moon in the right place
About his star
Perhaps it would be the right place to look for life
If we wanted to see
These distant outer planets are close
We will need a cheap, reliable way to space
The moon may be the key to solving that journey
Towards the stars
Thinkers
That the amount of human invasion of space
Surprisingly, the moon may be the key
To achieve those dreams
Because the lunar launch platform is much easier
Of the Earth with regard to the atmosphere and gravity
If we set up a base on the moon, for example
We need a little energy to get out of the moon
We proceed to explore other bodies from there
What will it take to build a lunar launch platform?
It turned out that the biggest drawback is
Maintain the life of the ground crew
One of the greatest risks
In your presence on the moon
You are not protected by a magnetic shield
You do not have that on the moon
If a big solar storm strikes
The particle flow is high
Energy will strike astronauts
The card is too large to break cells
And destroy our nuclear DNA
The moon is also exposed to radiation
Which originate from outside the solar system
The distant supernovae throw charged particles
Called cosmic rays near the speed of light
On the ground, most of what comes comes from our atmosphere
But on the moon, the pioneers are in the crossfire
Many of them were told about seeing small flashes
When cosmic rays collide with their visual nerves
Space rocks contained another major danger
on the moon
On the moon, there is no atmosphere
If there was something the size of a grain of sand
They move faster than the speed of the shot
If he had collided with your colony
They can hole a large hole on the wall
Another major obstacle to long-term survival
On the moon is a large variation in temperature
One of the things we really do not think about
The air around us is that it distributes the heat
On the moon there is no air
If half your hand was in the sun
And the other half in the shade
The difference in temperature will be 400 degrees
Best prevention
Of those long-term problems
Is a thick layer of rock
But a recent discovery is supposed
That future pioneers
They will not need to dig to build their underground shelters
Their eminent fossils are found on the moon
The "alcove" is called the size of a football field
We see large openings leading to giant cave systems
May be the most suitable base for lunar exploration
Slots are network entrances
Of the vast tunnels, which extend for miles
Under the moon
There are caves under the surface there
They did not cut it
But her apartment is lava
Similar tunnels, called lava tubes
You are on the ground in
"Volcanic regions such as" Iceland
We are at the bottom of a pit formed
From a broken tube
We now know that it is on the moon
There are such holes, even if the indicators are correct
They also lead to such giant lava tubes
Lava pipes are formed when they begin
The melted rocks flowing in the cold
The surface hardens first
It secrete hot lava
Below it and still flowing
He splashed long tunnels under the ground
Live in such a tube
This will not be crazy
In fact this is a huge tube, very huge
But the pipes on the moon
Greater than ten times
On the moon, lava pipes are made
Under rocky rocks with hundreds of feet
It protects tunnels from radiation and microscopic comets
And maintains the temperature stability
Lava tube like this on the moon
It will be wonderful and stable, and probably not much colder
From the coldest cave on earth
Astronauts on the moon
They may lock themselves into those
Pipe by adding air valves
If we can colonize
Lava tube under the lunar surface
We can organize the environment
We can pump air
We can make the heat suitable
You can go out and walk around
In this huge tunnel under the surface
You can build an entire city there
And lighting the walls of the lunar tunnel
Scientists believe that lunar space stations
May be self-sufficient
There are nozzles in the shade always
It contains water ice, and this is very exciting
Because we did not realize the existence
Water on the moon so far
We thought the moon was dry
For several years .. and change the matter
We now know that it is in the soil
Inside the walls of the nozzles
Always shaded, there is
Lots and lots of water ice
Water is the optimal resource for the Lunar Launch Platform
In addition to drinking it, you can separate the water with electricity
, To create oxygen to breathe
And hydrogen for use as fuel
When you think about it, the rocket fuel
Composed of liquid hydrogen
And liquid oxygen
These are what water is
Bear the craters of the moon
About six billion tons of water ice
This is enough to launch 20 rockets into space
Every day for more than a hundred years
For more than four billion years
The leg of the moon is our evolution
It formed our climate, and in the future
His resources will allow us to invade space
But he will not live forever
Scientists have detailed the death of the moon
It will be harsh
For more than four billion years
The Earth and the Moon took turns
An extreme balance around the sun
But our heavenly neighbor is gradually escaping
Sometimes we talk about certain things
We always say there is nothing certain
As sunrise, right?
We can imagine the moon in the same way
It passes through its phases
It exists night after night and year after year
But it is clear that the moon
Stay away from this earth and see to
Interaction between the moon and the protrusion of the earth
The water bumps gravity
A little ahead of the moon
Because the earth revolves around itself
Faster than the moon's rotation around the earth
The moon gravitates the tension
And slow the rotation of the earth around its axis
Over billions of years
Earth turnover would have slowed considerably
We were walking fast
Maybe our turnover is weak now
But like a charismatic cord
The lunar attraction will accelerate its orbit
This speed makes the moon's orbit wider
He pushed him farther
It is a small amount, does not exceed
The 3.8 centimeter, about an inch and a half a year
After billions of years
The moon will shrink to a point in the night sky
The rotation of the earth around itself will be very slow
So that the moon appears above our heads
There will come a time when the earth will be fixed
The face of the earth will face one face of the moon
The two will be synchronized
There will be one place
On the ground you see the moon
So imagine that you will have to go
A holiday to see the moon at the time
But it will be a long time from now
I will not start booking your tickets now
Is this the distant future of our moon?
... Some scientists envision a more exciting end
Death will burn, which will destroy the moon
Perhaps life on earth
The process begins with the expansion of the sun
The real future history of the earth and moon system
Will fall on the sun
Amazing effects may occur
When the sun shines it expands
To fill the inner solar system
With more intense solar wind
These winds will intercept the moon
When the moon turns around the Earth there will be resistance
There will be more particles in space
The moon will resist
So the moon kept moving away from the earth
Billions of years
Maybe he will start coming back
This new internal path is a spiral of death
In the end, the moon will lick
Approaching
Because of the attractive forces
Tidal forces will be so strong
Explode from the ground
The moon will be removed from Earth 11,000 miles
Will arrive at the point of no return
The earthy pull of the earth will crush him in the end
You will vibrate and shake
Will bend
It will bend over and away from us
It is hard to say that you will see it in the end
... already ruptured
A whole world will be torn by the gravity of the earth
The lagoon of the moon
A Saturn-like ring will be made of rock remains
Having a ring around the earth will be an amazing sight
I would like to see it
You may look up and see the ring
It will be in the corner of the ground
If you were in the right place in the earth
, You will be able to see it
Wide and extended across the sky
I do not know if you could see her during the day
But at night
It will be one of the most wonderful scenes I can imagine
But the beauty will soon turn into horror
When the fall of the ring falls on the earth
It will be a spectacular spectacle
A scary sight
The whole sky will be full
With meteor showers flowing through the sky
It would be huge
In the end, all those materials
Will merge into the ground
, And now, these two brothers
Separated at the time of their birth
They will unite again in one body
A new land will be born from a fiery hell
But this world will be alive
The presence of the moon has allowed the emergence of life on Earth
The presence of the moon will also destroy life on Earth
The moon gave life, and it will also defeat it
These are regular events
Although it is not good for us
It is a pity to imagine
Earth without the moon
We are partners, we have influenced each other
Seeing the moon in the sky gives pleasure to
Each time, she did not say
We can only draw towards him
It's there every night staring at us
Of course, I wrote about him romances
We will continue to write about him
Life may not exist on earth without the moon
But even if life were created without it
You will be less romantic
A barren land
Hot enough to boil water
Where the mysterious drilling in the surface
Delegate from the impact of the battles
Reveal a maze of dusty tunnels
Each of them wide enough to leave a city
This world is dead
However, it broadcasts life on its nearest neighboring planet
This space place is closer than you imagine
It is our moon
"The Ways of the Universe"
Look at our system
Solar system from the perspective of a space visitor
What will surprise you?
What makes you reconsider?
The answer is not possible?
Our giant moon
If you look at our moon and its satellites
All other satellites in our solar system
It is very strange
It's huge, much bigger than
Other satellites in the solar system
Compared to his planet
It is a huge moon, it makes us
A binary planet. Two particles revolve around each other
To some extent
Our moon is near the size of a planet
Unique in the solar system
This is a giant delegate of
Battles serve as our guardian angel
His great appeal lifts the tide that leads life
In the Earth's oceans
The moon keeps our planet Milan
It regulates climate and seasons
Without the moon, when man came
We owe everything to the moon
Yet its composition is even greater
Mysterious Mysteries in Planetary Science
There are many theories about the emergence of our giant moon
But they all start in the same way
The formation of the inner solar system
4.6 billion years ago
When the solar system arose, it seemed
Is quite different from what it seems now
Instead of a few planets and a large space
Around the sun, there is a disk
This disk was thick
It consisted of gas, dust and rocky bodies
The sun shone with life
The distance of gas withdrawal nearby
The fallen rocky fallows gather together
Over time to be planets like Earth
But it is more than we see today
The huge rocks contend for their positions
Intersect in their struggle to find stable orbits
Could one of those planets be destined for him
To become our moon?
There are many theories
About the emergence of our giant moon
Assume a theory that he was walking around
In our system the sun and we were a whole
According to the theory of families
A passing planet passes very soon
Of the land of the young, and did
The gravity of our entire planet
The planet settled in Earth orbit
It became the moon we see today
This theory took everything
But scientists needed proof of their authenticity
It is true that the moon is a captive planet
We expect its components
Will be different from Earth
It was something that grew up in a place different from Earth
Then he was captured, so we expect them to be
Made of different materials
To prove the theory
Scientists needed to compare the first moon rocks
With similar samples on the ground
The best rock for comparison is a metal that is not formed
Except when the newborn moon was still melted
On the ground, this type of rock is formed
"In active places volcanoes such as" Iceland
Games
00:04:45,866 --> 00:04:48,201
This is what we want
You see this anorthoscope
Anorthosis is formed in a manner
Different from normal basalt
You may count it as white foam
On top of a dim beer, it floats upward
So in the magma environment
... consists and floats higher
Sea of ??magma
Take an anthurpose sample from the moon
Important because rocks are darker
Its chemical composition may be altered by asteroid collisions
We take a sample of those anortholic rocks
Because we will not know the origin of the moon
Of dark matter
We must have this rock composition to tell us about
The origin of the moon
, In the 1970s
Apollo astronauts collected samples
They brought her to the ground to compare them
The results stunned the scientific world
They found that the components of the moon
Almost identical
With ground crust components
So the hypothesis that the moon was
A captive planet from somewhere
In the solar system have been excluded
It can never be corrected
The rocks looked like earth in several respects
This was a mystery
Excluding the theory of the captive planet
Planetary scientists did something
"The scholars said," We must meet and know this
"They went together to a conference in" Kuna - Hawaii
All prominent scientists in planetary science
They argued all the salient assumptions
People thought that scientists without imagination
We're just robots looking at things and analyzing them
Not so
If you want to know how something like the moon grew up
Your imagination must be wild
And try to impose those crazy assumptions
But you must be bound by reality
They confined themselves together in a room
They left this meeting
"This is useful
The new theory
Focusing on water content
Of the moon rocks
It was surprisingly dry
Something must be heating
The moon is very hot
We were directed to think that it should
Be a kind of collision
The theory was based on a hypothesis
A catastrophic collision 4.5 billion years ago
But she did not hit the moon
She was hitting the ground
There was a crazy theory
That when the earth was formed
While she was young
Another particle the size of a planet
Something about the size of Mars
... came and hit the ground
He detonated a large quantity of material
Which merged and formed the moon
It was a fantastic hypothesis
She was a pioneer
Scientists have launched the planet
"Near the size of Mars by" Thea
Imagine how the collision happened
4.5 billion years ago
Thea hit the ground
The tossing of the collision is melting into space
Forming a ring of burning rocks around the earth
... if we can turn back time
We somehow stood on
The surface of the earth when the moon grew
It would have been amazing
A luminous ring of fire was stretching across the sky
There was a shiny ball here in the sky
Of glowing magma
With all the small berries and rocks that were attracted
To that point because of the enormous gravity
, It was the first moon
The particle that will eventually become
The moon in our skies today
Our moon grew up in less than a year
Its crust is chemically identical with the earth's crust
Because they share the same origin
, This collision theory, although it seemed strange
They do the best job in interpretation
Everything we see about the moon
Has become the hypothesis of the theoretical clash prominent
In the birth of our giant moon
But when the space probes
Visit the far side of the moon
I found what refutes the theory
Our moon has a secret
He grew up with a twin
Look at the moon tonight
You may see a familiar face
Or perhaps a rabbit
Or a tree, depending on your culture
Myths and myths surrounding the engraved forms
On the moon
But what you can
Those signs are to be cut off from a mystery
Our Giant Guard?
What we call the "human face moon" is only a chain
From light and dark patches
On the moon, of course
People are programmed to recognize faces everywhere
That's why we see this ... face
These dark patches look unique to the moon
Centuries ago, astronomers thought they saw
The vast ocean of liquid water
We now know that dark pigments are old floods
Of lava
"Scientist of Planetary Geology" by Gani Radhibo
Pick up a scene from above
"For similar characteristics on" Hawaii
Using a research camera
This flow of lava on which we stand is similar
The things we would see if we stood
On the dark patches of the moon
It's dark
It is made of basalt and flows
In a massive flow of lava across the surface
It turned out that the dark plains of lava on the moon
Are battle scars
Evidence of a violent past
Four billion years ago, asteroids raged
On the newborn moon, torn by its surface
Where the torn crust is thin
The melted lava flows
Hot Subcontinent of the Moon
Scattered in great pools
And harden to be scars
Which we see today from the earth
Strangely, though, the moon is spinning
The gravity of the earth is firmly attached to it
Where it is the same face
Directed to us in all ages
Making monuments on the far side of the moon
A great mystery
In all times, the distant side of the moon
It was invisible to the earth
It's the back side, you can not see it
, In 1959
"Soviet spacecraft" Luna-3
Passed by the distant moon
She filmed it for the first time
Astronomers thought the vision of vamps
White and black known
They received a big surprise
When the scientists saw the pictures, they were stunned
The far side looked different
Quite on the near side
It is filled with volcanoes
It looked like a huge split
No one expected it at all
There are still collision nozzles
Huge in the far side
But they were weak on a regular basis
There seemed to be no dark lava flow on the surface
But why?
The only solution we came up with
Is a difference in thickness between the crust
The near side and the farthest side crust
This must be the side
The remote is so thick that
Lava can not rise through it
And erupt out across the surface
In contrast, on the side
Facing, very high
Lava can easily climb through the cracks
And flow to the surface
NASA's new missions confirmed that the crust
In the back of the moon more than thirty thickness
Miles on the veneer on the facade
The far side is thicker
It is not as if a part of it is thick without the other
The other side of the moon
It has more crust
Thickness of near side
It's weird
One of the greatest mysteries in planetary science
For over fifty years
Why was the crust of the far side too thick?
Collision theory does not cover it
She formed the moon but did not say why
Quite different from one another
Unless something strange happens
New era of super computers bring
The first amazing explanation
Maybe the collision made "Thea" two satellites
Not a single moon
This dual birth may also be explained
Our moon is different sides
According to the theory, 4.5 billion years ago
There were two moons in the night sky
The younger moon pursued his older brother
Gradually approaching
... In the end, the two moons slowly merged
The smaller moon covered
The far side of the Big Moon
They made a new thicker crust
Not all collisions
High-speed violent incidents
Which extrudes materials everywhere
Instead of just bumping into him
He merged with him
Torn and merged with the moon
Basically, when you look at half of the moon
You see one body
And when you look at the other side of the moon
You see most of the other body that covered
The first body, for this is
Thicker in this aspect
Qamaran is one
The evidence of this global collision is increasing
At least within supercomputers
But not all astronomers are convinced
Looking in the sky for a different solution
And finally found it on a space planet
It was roasted alive
, 480 light-years away from our solar system
Earth-like rocky planet
It revolves around a star similar to the sun
But not a place of life
Corot-7b is "very close to its sun"
This strange outer planet
The star revolves around sixty times
From the distance of the earth's rotation around the sun
This great convergence remains one of the faces of the planet
Facing his partner
The face of the moon remains facing the earth
... and the result
Connie BBQ
Heat rises to more than 3000 degrees Fahrenheit
On the planet's closest face
The rock surface shrinks into a boiling ocean
Of liquid magma
In contrast, the shaded distant side of the planet
It has a hard and cool crust
This burning outer planet is inspiring
An amazing new theory about composition
Our moon is heterogeneous
297
00:16:54,605 ??--> 00:16:57,941
The hypothesis comes from two young researchers
They have no background on moon science
For I work in the field of outer planets, so I know little
About the lunar terrain when the whole thing started
In 2011, Jason Wright was discussing
The outer planets are close to their star with their colleagues
When the discussion turned to ambiguity
The crust of my face is the moon
And then I remembered that the moon when it was formed
It was very close to the ground, and the earth was
Very hot after the collision that the moon formed
In fact, the geometry itself is quite the same
"With the system" Corot-7B
That made me think
"Maybe something similar happened with the moon"
Suppose "Jason" that the earth is hot
The face of the moon was burned
Stars also burn planets nearby
If you imagine the composition of the moon
The earth was a huge burning ball hanging
In the sky, it will be the side
The distance to the moon is very cold
The face of the moon was hot
By the melted earth
The vast clouds of vapor
Metal flows from the hot surface
Feeding a cloud surrounding the moon
On the cold face, condensing
Those metals are falling rain
To adopt a thicker crust
It is an organized hypothesis, but it does not succeed
Unless the moon keeps one face
On the ground immediately after its formation
"Jason" asked the graduate "Arbita Roy
That she felt this was possible
When Jason came to me with the hypothesis
He was enthusiastic about her
I think it was strong
Check accounts of the moon's extended restriction
It was very easy
The figure was so small that we were surprised
It was about a hundred days
It is very fast in astronomical time scale
The scientific jump of "Arbeta" means
The near side of the moon is restricted to the earth
While our planet is still melted
To support Jason's theory of the flaming moon
It is still very new but has props
In science, if there were two theories explain something
In a good way, we will tend to theory
Which has a more natural result
This theory of inflamed land is a natural result
Because we do not know it happened
Fortunately, the surface of the earth
Cooler today
But the interior is still hot
Thanks to the radioactive decay of metals
three hundred fifty
00:19:44,542 --> 00:19:48,045
In the soles of the earth's core
This rising heat is what revolutionizes volcanoes
And the geological activity we see on the surface today
There are mountain chains that have made their way
And other mountain ranges that were put in the ocean
The earth's crust is constantly changing
The moon has no radiation
So scientists have always assumed that its center
Cool and its geological features are dead
But assume a series of unexplained observations
We are wrong again about the moon
One of the big questions we are trying to answer
Over the course of a few decades
Previous Is there any activity
Lag on the moon?
For hundreds of years, astronomers reported
About strange emissions of light from the moon
Others saw red flares
It lasted for minutes at a time
Do those rare signs show that the heart
The geology of the moon is still beating?
The moon is too small, so that it
For more than four billion years
He must have repented all this time
There are still things we see
Perhaps denote
That something is happening inside
Arsterx is a "volcanic zone"
In the north-west of the face near the moon
It is a hot spot in exotic sights
Scientists have reported more than seven hundred glare here
In the last 50 years
Even Neil Armstrong saw something strange
"From the window of a landing vehicle" Apollo-11
Houston, "I look north toward Erstrx now" {\ an5}
There is an {\ an5}
More light about it {\ an5}
There is a brilliance of it ... very light {\ an5}
Flag 11, we receive it
What is going on in Arsterx?
Volcanic aspects of the volcano
Give planetary scientists an idea
Because where there is smoke, there must be fire
Guide on how these events occur on the moon
Is its place
It is in a very privileged location
On the moon, it is very similar
What we stand now
Erstrx "covered with a great flood"
Of volcanic ash
Some scientists believe that those
Thin light material
Responsible for the evidence
The alien we see from the earth
The type of ash I'm carrying now
A little wet due to modern rains
... in the area, while the ash
Which we had to carry in the "Erstrx" would be soft
The gases emitted from this active volcano
Carry particles of fine volcanic ash
And evaporate into the air
The sun illuminates columns, making them visible for miles
Something similar might happen on the moon
There is gas, coming out of an outlet
Captures the very soft lunar dust and scatters it
Through its features
So we see it lit by sunlight
If the theory is correct
It means that the moon's volcanoes are still active
There is something amazing
It is hard to understand our minds
About the fact that the moon
It may still spring today
I mean we thought for years
The moon is cold and dead
But these events may now occur
This means that the moon is not dead
Moon neighborhood, this is very exciting
We thought we understood the moon
But the deeper the scientists
They found another secret
Probably the biggest secret yet
It was without the moon when we were here
The earth and the moon were born together
They have dramatically shaped the evolution of each other
We now believe that life has taken a strong start
With our giant moon
This is the Earth 4.4 billion years ago
Near the time scientists thought
That life on earth has begun
The newborn moon settles
Only fifteen thousand miles away
To appear more massive in the sky than today
His attractiveness raises an enormous range
In the warm, young Earth oceans
At that time, the tide could not be measured by foot
They were measured by miles
There were tsunami waves that were drifting
On the land and then retreat to the sea
The moon's gravity makes waves
Pulling the Earth's oceans towards it
In the bump of the water, when the earth revolves
This extrusion drifts on the land as a mound
The closer the moon, the greater the gravity
The tide was stronger
Some scientists believe that the rocky ponds are warm
Left by the first tidal waves
It has formed the ideal hydrocarbon space
For the components of life to come together
Good about the swamp
When environments change
Water progresses and brings nutrients and then recedes
The nutrients are concentrated
So there was a process
She focused on what was left behind
In a way that led to the emergence of life
4.4 billion years ago
Tidal waves provoked organic molecules
Of the earth's surface
When the tide recedes, these chemicals lag behind
In shallow rock pools
Then evaporate in the heat of the sun
To concentrate its chemical components
Perhaps the first life arose
Inside this organic rich stew
If we had little moons
Around the Earth like Mars
There were never waves
The tides that bear
Elements and energy to the beach environment
Where life may have had a foot
So, we did not have minerals
We did not have energy
Maybe we would not have had a life
Did the moon bring life to earth?
... Scientists are still deliberating, but surely
Smart life takes time to develop
In our case, at least four billion years
We gradually changed from simple single cells
To the creature who wonders about its origins
And the moon gave life to stability to develop
By maintaining the stability of the central tilt of the earth
For more than four billion years
The moon maintained this inclination and rose
By establishing the pivotal role
He maintained that the chapters were the same
Century after century, and millennium after millennium
When we look at Milan Earth
He was the same at the time
Where complex life was present
This is very important
When we came from simple creatures
Mono-cell to more complex creatures
The great balance has helped
How things are different
Without the moon?
Look at Mars only to see the catastrophic effects
The unstable mile
Mars already has a mile up to sixty degrees
... meant this
It was cool in the equator on Mars
It was warmer on the poles
This environment is very difficult
Life has to grow and flourish
When we look at Mars
We see his central tendency
... may swing to this degree
Which has curbed life
If the land is tilted to that problem
Ice ages ended and ended as seasons
Maybe life needed that
Start from scratch again and again
It does not have time to evolve into complex creatures
Mars acts as an indicator that our giant moon
He was a contributor to Genesis
Smart life on Earth
Scientists believe the increase
That global partnerships
A similarity is the key to finding
Other smart neighborhoods in the universe
When we look at the outer planets
And wonder you may contain
Civilizations and advanced forms of life
Some had large moons
Without others
We said to first see planets with moons
For this reason, we know
In this world, we have moon
Great and we have an advanced life
When we look beyond our solar system
We look at the galaxy
Look for outer planets
Which may be suitable for habitation
Maybe we should look for a particle
He has a giant moon in the right place
About his star
Perhaps it would be the right place to look for life
If we wanted to see
These distant outer planets are close
We will need a cheap, reliable way to space
The moon may be the key to solving that journey
Towards the stars
Thinkers
That the amount of human invasion of space
Surprisingly, the moon may be the key
To achieve those dreams
Because the lunar launch platform is much easier
Of the Earth with regard to the atmosphere and gravity
If we set up a base on the moon, for example
We need a little energy to get out of the moon
We proceed to explore other bodies from there
What will it take to build a lunar launch platform?
It turned out that the biggest drawback is
Maintain the life of the ground crew
One of the greatest risks
In your presence on the moon
You are not protected by a magnetic shield
You do not have that on the moon
If a big solar storm strikes
The particle flow is high
Energy will strike astronauts
The card is too large to break cells
And destroy our nuclear DNA
The moon is also exposed to radiation
Which originate from outside the solar system
The distant supernovae throw charged particles
Called cosmic rays near the speed of light
On the ground, most of what comes comes from our atmosphere
But on the moon, the pioneers are in the crossfire
Many of them were told about seeing small flashes
When cosmic rays collide with their visual nerves
Space rocks contained another major danger
on the moon
On the moon, there is no atmosphere
If there was something the size of a grain of sand
They move faster than the speed of the shot
If he had collided with your colony
They can hole a large hole on the wall
Another major obstacle to long-term survival
On the moon is a large variation in temperature
One of the things we really do not think about
The air around us is that it distributes the heat
On the moon there is no air
If half your hand was in the sun
And the other half in the shade
The difference in temperature will be 400 degrees
Best prevention
Of those long-term problems
Is a thick layer of rock
But a recent discovery is supposed
That future pioneers
They will not need to dig to build their underground shelters
Their eminent fossils are found on the moon
The "alcove" is called the size of a football field
We see large openings leading to giant cave systems
May be the most suitable base for lunar exploration
Slots are network entrances
Of the vast tunnels, which extend for miles
Under the moon
There are caves under the surface there
They did not cut it
But her apartment is lava
Similar tunnels, called lava tubes
You are on the ground in
"Volcanic regions such as" Iceland
We are at the bottom of a pit formed
From a broken tube
We now know that it is on the moon
There are such holes, even if the indicators are correct
They also lead to such giant lava tubes
Lava pipes are formed when they begin
The melted rocks flowing in the cold
The surface hardens first
It secrete hot lava
Below it and still flowing
He splashed long tunnels under the ground
Live in such a tube
This will not be crazy
In fact this is a huge tube, very huge
But the pipes on the moon
Greater than ten times
On the moon, lava pipes are made
Under rocky rocks with hundreds of feet
It protects tunnels from radiation and microscopic comets
And maintains the temperature stability
Lava tube like this on the moon
It will be wonderful and stable, and probably not much colder
From the coldest cave on earth
Astronauts on the moon
They may lock themselves into those
Pipe by adding air valves
If we can colonize
Lava tube under the lunar surface
We can organize the environment
We can pump air
We can make the heat suitable
You can go out and walk around
In this huge tunnel under the surface
You can build an entire city there
And lighting the walls of the lunar tunnel
Scientists believe that lunar space stations
May be self-sufficient
There are nozzles in the shade always
It contains water ice, and this is very exciting
Because we did not realize the existence
Water on the moon so far
We thought the moon was dry
For several years .. and change the matter
We now know that it is in the soil
Inside the walls of the nozzles
Always shaded, there is
Lots and lots of water ice
Water is the optimal resource for the Lunar Launch Platform
In addition to drinking it, you can separate the water with electricity
, To create oxygen to breathe
And hydrogen for use as fuel
When you think about it, the rocket fuel
Composed of liquid hydrogen
And liquid oxygen
These are what water is
Bear the craters of the moon
About six billion tons of water ice
This is enough to launch 20 rockets into space
Every day for more than a hundred years
For more than four billion years
The leg of the moon is our evolution
It formed our climate, and in the future
His resources will allow us to invade space
But he will not live forever
Scientists have detailed the death of the moon
It will be harsh
For more than four billion years
The Earth and the Moon took turns
An extreme balance around the sun
But our heavenly neighbor is gradually escaping
Sometimes we talk about certain things
We always say there is nothing certain
As sunrise, right?
We can imagine the moon in the same way
It passes through its phases
It exists night after night and year after year
But it is clear that the moon
Stay away from this earth and see to
Interaction between the moon and the protrusion of the earth
The water bumps gravity
A little ahead of the moon
Because the earth revolves around itself
Faster than the moon's rotation around the earth
The moon gravitates the tension
And slow the rotation of the earth around its axis
Over billions of years
Earth turnover would have slowed considerably
We were walking fast
Maybe our turnover is weak now
But like a charismatic cord
The lunar attraction will accelerate its orbit
This speed makes the moon's orbit wider
He pushed him farther
It is a small amount, does not exceed
The 3.8 centimeter, about an inch and a half a year
After billions of years
The moon will shrink to a point in the night sky
The rotation of the earth around itself will be very slow
So that the moon appears above our heads
There will come a time when the earth will be fixed
The face of the earth will face one face of the moon
The two will be synchronized
There will be one place
On the ground you see the moon
So imagine that you will have to go
A holiday to see the moon at the time
But it will be a long time from now
I will not start booking your tickets now
Is this the distant future of our moon?
... Some scientists envision a more exciting end
Death will burn, which will destroy the moon
Perhaps life on earth
The process begins with the expansion of the sun
The real future history of the earth and moon system
Will fall on the sun
Amazing effects may occur
When the sun shines it expands
To fill the inner solar system
With more intense solar wind
These winds will intercept the moon
When the moon turns around the Earth there will be resistance
There will be more particles in space
The moon will resist
So the moon kept moving away from the earth
Billions of years
Maybe he will start coming back
This new internal path is a spiral of death
In the end, the moon will lick
Approaching
Because of the attractive forces
Tidal forces will be so strong
Explode from the ground
The moon will be removed from Earth 11,000 miles
Will arrive at the point of no return
The earthy pull of the earth will crush him in the end
You will vibrate and shake
Will bend
It will bend over and away from us
It is hard to say that you will see it in the end
... already ruptured
A whole world will be torn by the gravity of the earth
The lagoon of the moon
A Saturn-like ring will be made of rock remains
Having a ring around the earth will be an amazing sight
I would like to see it
You may look up and see the ring
It will be in the corner of the ground
If you were in the right place in the earth
, You will be able to see it
Wide and extended across the sky
I do not know if you could see her during the day
But at night
It will be one of the most wonderful scenes I can imagine
But the beauty will soon turn into horror
When the fall of the ring falls on the earth
It will be a spectacular spectacle
A scary sight
The whole sky will be full
With meteor showers flowing through the sky
It would be huge
In the end, all those materials
Will merge into the ground
, And now, these two brothers
Separated at the time of their birth
They will unite again in one body
A new land will be born from a fiery hell
But this world will be alive
The presence of the moon has allowed the emergence of life on Earth
The presence of the moon will also destroy life on Earth
The moon gave life, and it will also defeat it
These are regular events
Although it is not good for us
It is a pity to imagine
Earth without the moon
We are partners, we have influenced each other
Seeing the moon in the sky gives pleasure to
Each time, she did not say
We can only draw towards him
It's there every night staring at us
Of course, I wrote about him romances
We will continue to write about him
Life may not exist on earth without the moon
But even if life were created without it
You will be less romantic