How the Universe Works (2010–…): Season 4, Episode 3 - Monster Black Hole - full transcript

Join us for a trip
To infinity and beyond

, To a place where the rules of physics collapse

Where the time and space bend and the Liltoyan

Where we can look for the future and travel to the past

To a more remote and less understanding place

...in the universe

To the heart of a supermassive black hole

"The way the universe works"

...Black hole

Scary and amazing

It is shut down of the universe



How do you not like the black hole?

It's all over

It deflects space, and distorts time

There are some opinions that if you fell into one

Will appear elsewhere in the universe

It is the inspiration of the science fiction writer

, And we consider those things to be true

So that we notice thousands of them constantly

, Giant black holes
Giants are already among us

And will not stop raising them

What we will see

If we see this giant eye view?

I would like to tour around a black hole

Look out the window



Look at this scary black disc in front of me and marvel

Of the perceptual deviations of light

See the amazing features

For all the things that you have
Calculating them without ever seeing them

What we will discover

If we went inside a black hole?

We send a default probe

To a super black hole
Greatness in the center of the Milky Way

"Known as the Star"

Our destination is very far away

So if we traveled at the speed of light

The journey will take 26,000 years

, On our journey across the galaxy

We will pass tens of thousands of other black holes

We believe there are different sizes for black holes

There are microscopic black holes in the microscope

There are medium black holes formed

When the stars collapsed
Maybe the last stars fell out

There are large black holes

They are hidden in the centers of galaxies

Most black holes begin their lives

With the death of a huge star

When a star collapses, it explodes

... in the most violent explosions in the universe

, Supernova .. star explosion

Which shines briefly

With a force of ten billion stars

Gravity takes over the star's core

The star is crushing itself by gravity

But the pressure of light stops him

Emitted from it

If the star stops issuing this light

He will crush himself

He gets smaller, younger and younger

So power can not keep it

And crush on himself

Gravity attracts every atom inside

To make the iron mass
"Everest Steel Size"

Applies to the grain size of sand

You may think that solids being solid

They are so powerful that they do not squeeze any more

Think of iron

But in fact, most of the iron vacuum

The space between protons and neutrons

At the core of the iron atom is very large

, So at some point, for some stars

The pressure is very high
So that it ends up crushing

This pulp .. Nitrons and protons together

What happens next is mysterious

Gravity crushes these
Subatomic particles together

In ways that science can not explain

What inside the crushed star can not imagine
Games
00:04:20,828 --> 00:04:22,894
There are temperatures and pressures

We can not even measure them

, We know the fact that we need a new physics

Things we have not yet discovered

To explain what is going on inside the black hole

The huge star collapses

So that it becomes a small part of its former size

But the original gravity of the star remains

To create a strong attraction that does not escape anything

The result is a black hole

Most black holes are larger
Of our sun from ten to twenty times

, But at the center of galaxies

Black holes may be billions of times larger

These Giants are more than just huge objects

It is super large

The best word in astronomy
Is a super black hole

, As you see from the name
This black hole is too big

Consumes a super-large amount of material

We know of one

In the center of our Milky Way galaxy

Our default probe is approaching

"Towards the super black hole" Rami - A.

The super large black holes swallow anything

They eat gases

But if a star approached them

, It will also be distracted
Or devour a planet or spacecraft

Whatever it is, it does not check anything

She even eats some of them

But over billions of years
Many stars die in one area

The resulting black holes converge

And merge into larger black holes

The star "Rami - A" is evil and eats his sex

He devours all that is within reach

For at least twelve billion years

The reason behind the black hole capacity

For all these enormous amounts of material that he charged

Because it is like the dirtiest compressor for rubbish

It crushes the material into tiny sizes

So the weight of the black hole is total

All that he has been accused of since the beginning of our universe

After billions of years of acculturation

"Weight the mass of the star" Rami a
The mass of the sun was estimated at 4.6 million times

But all this bloc is in a region

Show the sun only twenty times

Surrounded by a mantle of stars, dust and gases

Approaching the black hole

Something strange happens to the probe

So far he has followed a straight path

But his path is now beginning to bend

From the perspective of the probe

Nothing strange happens

But if you're outside, look at the probe

The straight path is no longer straight

The straight path was attracted

In real place around the black hole

The SIP path has not changed

But the place around him has not changed

When the place changes, time changes

Time passes differently
When approaching the black hole

If the black hole was rotating
He pulls the place around him to be with him

It's strange

It changes all our beliefs about sense and intuition

And everything, and shoot them all

The star "Rami A" is a distortion of space and time

When the probe approaches, time rotates

So science fiction is achieved

At the black hole

The probe can travel to the future

When approaching

Of the supermassive black hole in the heart of our galaxy

And the scepter shall fall at the mercy

One of the foundations of forces in the universe

Power possesses the ability to fold the place

And send the probe to travel over time

Gravity is a familiar thing

We usually drop things

Otdron, we do not fly away from the surface of the earth

It is part of our lives from the moment of our birth

But it turned out to be very vague and authentic

Of the universe

When the particle has a mass
He has the ability to place me

"Before Einstein's Theory of General Relativity

Imagine space scientists

Background of a theater in which events take place

She was the genius of "Einstein" in the realization

That space itself was represented in the play

We think the place
Is the particles around us

But it is something in itself

It has its own physical component

Such as the fabric, such as the page

In the vacuum

Light travels in straight lines

But put something as big as our sun

On the fabric of space

Its enormous attractiveness slows down

When light travels through the sun
Bend his straight path

So bend the light .. not to his property

But because the space in which light travels is bent

For this the path of our probe bends

The gravity of the black hole folds the texture of space

Everything that travels across this curved space

He must bend his path, even the light

Amazing

The gravity does not fold the light and according to the black hole

But the light coming from afar also bends toward him

So you can see this slanting twist

Stars off in the background

When the black hole moves in front

It's as if you took a piece of glass

You moved it through a star field

And not the place alone

What folds the black hole

Time also involves

So if we send a probe into a black hole

From our point of view, we will see it fall inside

And we will see him fall slowly

Because his watch is moving slow

It's a strange idea

It is hard to contain our minds

But this is what physics and mathematics dictate

We appreciate time in hours, minutes and seconds

Sounds simple

But the time is relative

It varies depending on your location

It seems to my readers that this shot

Picture of the moment in time and moment in place

But it really is not a moment
In place or moment in time

They spread in place

Because there is depth in the rear domain

But they also spread in time

Because the light from the white background behind me

Left the background earlier

From leaving light from my face

, So when you see a picture
You will actually see something

Spread in place and time

So when gravity turns the place around

It also changes time

The amount of gravity you face varies

Time also changes

Time does not pass at the same rate

Everywhere in the attractive field

The more it deepens in gravity

The time slowed

Today we have high-precision watches

Tell us about time differences

Between being in the basement and being in the attic

That's true

Time in the attic is faster

From it in the cellar

"If I spent a day at the top of Empire Estate

It will be a few years older than a billionth of a second

Who stayed on the ground floor

This is because the time passes slower

Near the mass of the Earth where gravity is stronger

The more gravity the slower the time

The presence of mass and energy in space swims space

So I spit the space-time around me

With larger and larger particles

This bending increases more and more

So the earth slows space-time

The sun slows space-time

When it reaches the black holes

The bending is too large

very big

So that the probe is transmitted over time

It's hard to take it

This idea about space-time and even about black holes

It is very crazy

If approached a black hole

A visual meeting was held with my mother on the computer

... Vstrani move

Hello mother

But I will feel

My time passes naturally

While acting
... Strangely, she says, "My God

You speak strangely

If you approach the black hole

You can go back to the future

If you return, people will say that you are full of youth

It was a holiday for young people

"I will answer" because because my time was slower

As our probe approaches more towards the black hole

Gravity grip increases

The time slows, while the probe

And the flow of materials that accelerate within it

They remain accelerating until they gather

"In a vast, luminous circle called the supplied disk

Gravity sends all these materials

Directly into a huge cosmopolitan bank

But something goes against gravity

It is a card power enough to overcome

On the strongest gravity in the galaxy

The probe is attracted towards

Hurricane of time and place twisted

Between our probe and the black hole

A global killing zone

It is a disc of dust and dissolved gases

... with tens of millions of miles

And threaten to tear the probe apart

You have that article falling in the black hole

Be a disc, and there is friction inside this disc

Things are under control

The speeds are very large

So that the disk becomes very hot

And when the heat hits it

However, the black holes are dark

When materials fall, they can light up

And become the most beautiful particles we see in the universe

While the probe falls

To this hard disk of materials

Something strange happens

Do not tear or fall to the abyss

In contrast, the probe joins the rotor material disc

It revolves around the black hole

What forces prevent this article

To be swallowed by the black hole?

Almost everything in the universe

Turns in one way or another

"This is because of" angular momentum

This tendency when you run something

It remains circular

When you consider this traditional example

, For skiers spinning on the skating rink

And when she pulls her arm

They start spinning faster and faster

Think about what happens when
Turns out of a huge star

To a small, high-pressure black hole

This gyro is very accelerated

When the material falls inside the black hole

It will launch faster and faster

To reach astronomical velocities

Travel near the speed of light

The material rotates at high speed

Do not drop it directly towards the black hole

For example, there
A popular ride in the celebrations

Where they are in a room, and start rotating

You are pushed off the walls and down the ground

But remain above without slipping

The same effect prevents you
To be located in the black hole

If you run something very quickly

The centrifugal force overcomes gravity

There is an opposing effort

Between gravity try to crush things

Centrifugal force for rotation

Trying to keep things away

But the black hole does not work on

The rotation of materials around him only

He runs the place around him

Imagine the dirt vortex

Dust revolves reveals
Unseen wind movement

In the same vein

Materials circulating around the black hole

Reveal an invisible movement of indigestion

When the black hole rotates

It makes a storm of space-time

The black holes are strange no matter how you look at them

Everything about her is strange

But I think the strangest thing about it is true

It can attract time
And the place, this fabric around

Enveloping itself in a mantle of the same universe material

Tell us general relativity

That is a huge rotary particle, even the earth

It must move the space-time around it

"In a process called" frame rate slowdown

When we go back to a situation now

The excessive gravity of the black hole

"When we talk about" slowing the frame of reference

We are talking about an area

Where the place is strongly attracted

So that stability there is impossible

Our default probe
three hundred fifty
00:18:54,369 --> 00:18:58,240
Spins across a plethora of spacetime

Things look oblique and folded

I mean what you see before you

He is really behind you

Most of us thought about what was there

May be destroyed

Rotate firmly, extrude material

They are not black holes

With horrible monsters in science fiction

Which devour everything approaching it

The truth is that the black holes

Eat up as children

It's chaotic

When materials fall into it, many of them

He can not even get into the black hole

Physicists appreciate

That about forty percent of the dust and gases

In the supplied disc, never insert the black hole

Do not destroy unless you are
Inside the black hole already

But if I were outside the black hole slightly

I was spinning fast enough

Will live like this for a long time

Interconnectedness between rotation and gravity

The probe may hang here forever

He is destined to see the hollow face of the black hole

He never knows what lies behind him

But gradually, gravity wins

The probe is attracted close to the edge of destruction

To a place where time stops

A firewall threatens to erase everything

Our probe is on the ledge

... is about to enter the empty mouth of the black hole

Horizon event

The black holes have a so-called horizon event

It is a point of no escape

Of the tensile tension of the black hole

When to cross the horizon of the event

As if you crossed the edge of a waterfall

No room for return

If you look at this waterfall, you will feel like a straight one

.. And suddenly at the edge
The water descends vertically downward

The edge of the black hole is almost like that

When the event horizon, space begins
Suddenly bending strongly into the inside

Gravity attracts water

Cross the ledge and drop the water down the same way

Which attracts time and space across the horizon of the event

Into the black hole

The fish are also present in the water

Everything is in space-time

Including light

So if a simple light beam falls on a horizon it happens

A black hole can not come back again

The only way to escape by overcoming gravity

For water to climb the waterfall

Or light to escape from the black hole

He must travel quickly enough

To overcome gravity

The stronger the gravity

Particles needed to travel more quickly

To escape the gravity of the earth

The rocket must travel
Quickly seven miles per second

From our largest and farthest sun

The escape speed rises to about 384 miles per second

Black holes have attractive fields

Much more powerful than that

In fact, no matter how fast the rocket leapt

Even the speed of light will not go away

In the few remaining seconds

Before the probe sinks into the abyss

Pull gravity and fold it to the flask

It goes beyond description

Assuming I have an hour
The probe has an hour

I can observe the hour of the probe and my watch

When the probe approaches more and more

Horizon Black hole event

I will notice that the probe clock has stopped

When the event horizon completely

The time stops completely

If I were sitting

On the event horizon of the black hole

... or has almost, you look at

I will look frozen with you

You will not notice a thing

Falling into the horizon of the event from the outside

Because it will take longer
Of the entire universe

For us even note the disappearance of the particle

The absolute gravity of the black hole is distorted

Place, time and light

When you fall into the black hole

Syrac people are sliding towards the red

They will see your light lose its energy

Because he needs to get out of these
Deep hole of gravity

To escape from the black hole

We face the same phenomenon with sound

When the fire truck speeds up
To us, the sound waves are compressed

And when you move away, it goes

Like the sound, the light travels in waves

But instead of changing the tone
The waves of light will change color

Exit the attraction of the black hole

The waves of light bend and lose energy and turn red

That's why the black holes look different

As a science fiction material

But the real universe is stranger than science fiction

This is very cool

And the finest

We do not know exactly what is going on

At the horizon of the black hole event

Einstein's Theory of General Relativity

Predicts that the probe will simply slide towards the horizon of the event

So if this probe passes through the horizon of the event

There will be no mention

"Welcome to the Horizon of the Event"

He will not notice anything different

You will cross this limit and suddenly quarantine

About the universe, without ever returning

This is tough

But according to a completely new theory

Our probe will not fall to the bottom

Light free fall

It will be washed with fire
In a large cosmic wall

Supposed to be a computer firewall

To be a barrier

While the firewall
The black hole is literally a firewall

This means that the situation is not easy near the horizon of the event

Space is not alone with a few photons

What you will understand alone

On the contrary, there will be a torrent
Radiation of photons

This new theory turns the horizon of the event

To the most dangerous place in the universe

He burns whatever he touches

In Seir of Infinite Energy

There is no doubt that there is space in space

The horizon of the event - nothing comes out of it -

But the most important question

What happens if you fall

Some believe that nothing special happened

Others believe you are burning

With this firewall

And puzzling about this

If you wanted knowledge

I decided to fall into the black hole

You will know without telling anyone else

What frustrates the black holes are there

Horizon event, we know that light can not be emitted

Skip this threshold, even
With all our advanced facilities

It's hard to tell

To photograph what is happening

In the horizon of the remote event
"For the star" Rami a

We will need to build a telescope the size of the earth

It seems impossible but it is formed

"At the Mona Kia Observatory in Hawaii

If you want to see the black hole in the center of the galaxy

You will need a very large seat

We can not build an optical telescope of this size

What we do is use radio telescopes

We distribute these approaches

Thousands of miles from each other

So we make a chair

The size of the earth itself

All of them converge here

And within this fund

All our signals come at 8 Gbps

This equates to four digital movies per second

If we promise to send them quickly your home internet

It will take years
To send all this data

So what we do we pack

We ship it to our central factory at
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Where we process data

It is necessarily a very special place

It is the gathering point

It is the place where all data converge

The accumulated data may be highlighted
On the horizon of the event in two or three years

So when a telescope gets a horizon
Event on its final statements

We hope to be a picture of something like that

That's what we're prepared to see

Because the gases are intertwined in the center of our galaxy

It will make the picture blurry

But if we remove the bluff

We will be able to recover shadow properties

This is what we are going through

It is the summary of the event horizon telescope

It is a black ball with a width of 17 million miles

Nearby, our probe will see this

In the final moments before he enters the abyss

If there was a firewall
Disappears behind this black curtain

Our trip will end here

Otherwise the probe will slide
Simply through the point of no return

To enter the most violent place in the universe

Where new worlds begin

The past is now present

Our probe survived the whirlwind of space-time

It is now inside a super black hole

Driven towards a world of unimaginable violence

He can never leave

Everything that falls in the black hole disappears

And since he never comes out

"The question is" Where to go?

Gravity here is enormous

So that the place accelerates beyond the speed of light

At this speed

Journey eight million miles to the center of the black hole

... It will take less than forty seconds

If the probe survived this period

Imagine that I fell into a black hole

The force of gravity will be different

If I fell on my feet first

Because of the great curvature in space-time there

Because of this, the feet will have a stronger grip

It will be stretched to a shape

More like Spaghetti pasta

So we call it macroscopic influences

The effects of macaroni are real

We saw her talk when she made an attraction
Jupiter with macroscopic effect

On the comet "Schumaker
Levy 9 "to convert it to Nathair in 1994

In fact, our probe may tear apart

Before reaching the center of the black hole

Of course I can revive myself and do it

But as you know

The laws of physics are what we are fighting with here

To disrupt those laws

We allow our speculators to continue

It is halfway to the center of the black hole

From this monitoring site

The probe sees everything that is in front of it

If you were talking about the exact mathematical horizon

You will see the past of the whole universe as a past

You'll see a start

Composition of the black hole

"According to Einstein's rates."

The Black Hole is a giant cosmic museum

All the light that has fallen since the formation of the black hole

Still here, accelerating and accumulating in layers

While the probe deepens
Huya, the battle between

Gravity and rotation resume and rage

Centrifugal force is becoming relatively stronger

Inside the depth of the black hole

This force slows the flow of space

And where it slows down to the speed of light

The inner horizon is called

All the strange things happen on the inner horizon

In this mixed cosmic mixer

The material rotates and rushes around the probe

If you jumped into a huge black hole

As if it had fallen into a waterfall

You will be alive and well

And you are on your way down

Problems come only when you arrive at the corresponding

The inner horizon, at the bottom

When other water falls and the rocks and things are on you

Inside the depth of the black hole

The probe reaches the inner horizon

The internal horizons of rotating black holes

It is the most violent part of the universe

Particles full of energy

Hit the probe at almost the speed of light

Black hole, amazing type of particle accelerator

In the inner horizon

The particles are tossed in all directions

Are accelerated through each other

Collide together

Exporting huge amounts of energy

Which exceed any energy

In any ground accelerator of particles

Those collisions have the power to launch

The most violent events in the universe

If there was a place in our universe

Where we make our universe a newborn

Where our universe is born

I confirm that this place

Is the internal prospects of black holes

Because it is the place

Where the energies needed to make a great explosion

They are produced there

Is the great explosion that made our universe

Such an event?

Will we be inside a black hole?

It is quite possible that our explosion is great

Is the remains of a black hole in an existing universe

Crushes things together

Then it poses our universe as a child

One of the reasons why holes
The black crap is amazing

For the theoretical physicists they have guided us

For a new understanding of the universe

So if we understand black holes
Perhaps we understand the great explosion

If we understood the Big Bang
We may understand our origins first

When the probe crosses the inner horizon

Everything changes

Pull the gravity of the probe inside

Equal to the rotation that he pays out

The opposing forces are finally in exchange

What he does in the center

In the inner event horizon area

In one of these black holes
Is a kind of safe haven

Like the eye of a hurricane

There, things are quieter

You can imagine driving when you pass

The crazy area is out

Inside this scary eye of the storm

... the probe takes its course towards the heart of the black hole

"Singular singularity"

, Located in front of the end of the place and time

The end of it all

... Our probe is approaching its destination

Singular singularity in the heart

The "super black hole" Rami - a

Here, place and time

Our understanding of the universe is over

Inside the inner event horizon of the rotary black hole

You can consider the uniqueness of the fellowship

It's there, in a loop

The real fish of the loop is zero

It is a circle of points
Its sporty thickness is endless

And endless bending of the indestructible

This was previously a huge star

Locked to a tiny point

And density of space and time

Spinning at a terrible speed

The centrifugal force
That point is pushed to a loop

Fold the space-time around

It is clear that it is about individualism

There is an area called

"Semi-time closed curve"

A fanciful way to say it
You can go to that area

You can fly around then you can go out

And exit before you enter

You can basically visit your past copy

Before they enter the foundation

OK

Place and time curved around the individualism

They make a general relative time machine

The probe can theoretically return in time

Before it exists

But what happens if he travels through the individualistic uniqueness?

There is a theory that the black hole

He digs a hole in the fabric of place and time

Another hole may be punctured

, Somewhere far away
If you fall in the black hole you will come out

From the other side
Which is light years away

Although you did not take time

To pass that distance

We call it the wormhole

Because it is like a worm that drowns its way through an apple

But can we survive this trip?

What comes into exclusivity
My lover may come out for another place

But what comes out will not have a big relationship

Including income

It will not only expand

But will be devastating

If you want to go somewhere else, take a plane

There is another theory

That individualism is not a vertical hole

It is a white hole

The hole is basically white

Is a black hole that is back in time

So the white hole
It is the uniqueness of my time

In the universe and keep things away from him

Not attract them

Singularity singles Kuna

Much like the big bang

Our great explosion came out
Traditionally I have been unique

People were not lost

That is the end point of the hole
Black is an individualism

Is there a relationship between the two?
Maybe

,but in fact

This singularity is unique
Extremely dense and tiny

It may be a fantasy

The infinities appear
In physics it tells us

There is no evidence of what we are saying

We have not really seen anything
Infinitely in physics

So I guess there is no exclusivity

And whatever we see

Unlimited emanations from equations

... It is only telling nature to us

We are wrong

"General Relativity" of Einstein

I would commit suicide if I were to be alone

It can not continue spacetime
After the singularity of the zodiac

How do we solve this?

I do not know

We do not know what is happening to her

This is the end

Our unique probe trip

I have reached the end of space and time

And limits of human knowledge

Sure enough now

That the black holes are the attrition of physics

It breaks every rule we know

This shows us our shortcomings

It's not the problem of the black hole

We do not have the knowledge to interpret it

This will be a continuing challenge, and we are encouraged

In a real way towards the heart of a black hole

On our journey towards the heart of the black hole

We discovered it more than

Scary science fiction monster

It is a time machine and a cosmic museum

Destroy the worlds and make them

And the strongest mysteries of the universe

If we understood black holes

We will understand how the universe works

Math is strange

Difficult remarks

Concepts go mind

Who does not like it?

I think many like black holes

Just because it is big, scary and fun

But we physicists also love it for another reason

They are the most powerful physical systems

Which usually give us the best evidence

How nature works

The black holes have been stripped of our imagination

To the farthest

Nature is more imaginative than us

Every time we explore nature, we are surprised

Because truth is much stranger than fiction

The real universe goes far beyond the strongest perceptions

For the best science fiction writer