NASA's Unexplained Files (2012–…): Season 3, Episode 4 - Ghosts on a Comet - full transcript
When a Chinese moon rover breaks down, a NASA scientist points to a mysterious material that seemed to sabotage the Apollo missions, decades earlier. The Rosetta spacecraft finds a comet that appears to be singing.
NASA's MISSION
IS TO EXPLORE THE UNKNOWN.
THERE'S MORE THAT
WE DON'T KNOW THAN WE DO KNOW.
THAT'S JUST THE NATURE
OF THE UNIVERSE.
IN THE SEARCH FOR ANSWERS,
IT LAUNCHES ITS SCIENTISTS
INTO SPACE,
ITS CRAFT BEYOND THE LIMITS
OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
TAKING RISK IS PART
OF MAKING DISCOVERIES.
SPACE EXPLORATION
IS LIKE LIGHTING A MATCH,
AND WE DON'T KNOW WHAT LURKS
IN THE SHADOWS.
THERE COULD BE ANYTHING
OUT THERE.
THE TERRIFYING TRUTH ABOUT
MANKIND'S FIRST SPACEWALK
BECOMES A SOVIET STATE SECRET.
IF HE'S NOT ABLE TO
RE-ENTER THE HATCH,
THAT'S HOW
THE FIRST SPACEWALK ENDS...
WITH AN ASTRONAUT DEATH.
THE FIRST HUMAN
SPACECRAFT TO APPROACH A COMET
ENCOUNTERS
AN UNIDENTIFIED RADIO SIGNAL.
IT SOUNDS LIKE IT'S SINGING.
MAYBE THIS IS IT. MAYBE THIS IS
THE COMMUNICATION
FROM SOME ALIEN WORLD.
AND A MYSTERIOUS OBJECT APPEARS
ON THE VIDEO FEED OF THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
THE SHAPE OF THIS OBJECT
CLEARLY LOOKED ARTIFICIAL,
AND I DON'T DOUBT
THAT IT WAS ARTIFICIAL.
THE ONLY QUESTION WAS,
WHAT WAS IT?
NASA's MISSIONS HAVE UNCOVERED
Okay, we're seeing
three or four objects.
Yeah, there are three objects.
...THAT CONTINUE TO PERPLEX
OUR FINEST SCIENTIFIC MINDS.
THESE ARE
NASA's UNEXPLAINED FILES.
NASA's Unexplained Files - SEASON 3
EP - 4 - Ghosts on a Comet
Subtitles Diego Moraes
A COSMONAUT BECOMES THE
FIRST MAN TO WALK IN SPACE.
NO ONE HAD EVER DONE IT.
NO ONE HAD EVER WORN A SUIT
OUTSIDE OF THEIR VEHICLE.
AND NOBODY KNEW WHAT TO EXPECT.
THE SOVIETS, THEY ALWAYS CLAIMED
THAT IT WAS A COMPLETE SUCCESS.
THE TRUE STORY
STAYS A SOVIET STATE SECRET
FOR MORE THAN FOUR DECADES.
WE WERE AT THE INFANCY
OF SPACE TRAVEL.
DISASTERS WERE EXPECTED.
COSMONAUT ALEXEY LEONOV
IS ABOUT TO MAKE HISTORY
FOR THE SOVIET SPACE PROGRAM.
THE SPACE SPECTACULAR
THAT THEY HAD IN THEIR SIGHTS
WAS TO ACTUALLY HAVE A COSMONAUT
GET OUT OF THE SPACECRAFT
AND WALK IN SPACE, TO ACTUALLY
FLOAT IN THE VACUUM OF SPACE.
THIS WAS THE SPACE RACE
REALLY HEATING UP NOW.
IT'S A RACE
THE RUSSIANS ARE WINNING.
ALEXEY LEONOV
STEPS OUT OF HIS CAPSULE
TO PERFORM THE FIRST SPACEWALK
IN HUMAN HISTORY.
WHAT NASA DIDN'T KNOW
WAS THAT LEONOV'S SPACEWALK
DID NOT GO AS SMOOTHLY AS PLANNED
AND, IN FACT, CAME CLOSE
TO KILLING THE COSMONAUT.
LEONOV GETS OUTSIDE.
HE'S FREE OF THE SPACECRAFT,
AND HE'S FLOATING
AT THE END OF AN UMBILICAL.
AND HE'S AMAZED BY THE VIEW.
HE SEES THE EARTH BEFORE HIM.
HE'S WAVING AT THE CAMERA AS
HE FLOATS AWAY FROM THE SHIP.
LEONOV SPENDS A EUPHORIC 1
BEFORE MISSION CONTROL
ORDERS HIM
BACK TO THE VOSKHOD SPACECRAFT.
AS HE APPROACHES THE AIR LOCK,
HE REALIZES HE HAS A PROBLEM.
LEONOV TRIES TO SQUEEZE HIS BODY
BACK INTO
THIS INFLATABLE AIR LOCK.
BUT HE REALIZES THAT,
IN THE VACUUM OF SPACE,
HIS SPACE SUIT
HAS SUDDENLY BALLOONED.
THE LACK OF
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IN SPACE
HAS CAUSED THE AIR
INSIDE HIS SUIT TO EXPAND.
SO NOW, HE'S OUTSIDE, IN THIS INFLATED,
HUMAN-SHAPED BALLOON.
AND SUDDENLY,
ALL OF HIS JOINTS ARE STIFF.
LEONOV WAS ALSO
WORKING AGAINST THE CLOCK.
IN LESS THAN FIVE MINUTES,
THE SPACECRAFT
WILL ENTER EARTH'S SHADOW,
PLUNGING LEONOV INTO
COMPLETE DARKNESS,
MAKING RE-ENTRY INTO THE
AIR LOCK ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE.
SO HE TAKES REALLY
ALMOST A DESPERATE MEASURE
AND ACTUALLY LETS OUT SOME
OF THE OXYGEN FROM HIS SUIT
VIA A VALVE ON HIS WRIST.
OPENING HIS SUIT IN SPACE
EXPOSES HIS BODY
TO A RAPID PRESSURE CHANGE
THAT COULD CAUSE CRIPPLING
DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS.
BY GOING DOWN IN PRESSURE,
HE RISKS THAT
SOME OF THE NITROGEN
MIGHT COME OUT OF SOLUTION
IN HIS BLOOD, FORMING BUBBLES.
DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS
CAN CAUSE TOTAL PARALYSIS.
IF LEONOV KEEPS THE SUIT VALVE
OPEN TOO LONG,
CONTINUED EXPOSURE
TO THE VACUUM OF SPACE
CAN HAVE DEADLY CONSEQUENCES.
WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT
DEPRESSURIZATION IS
ALL OF THE LIQUIDS
THAT ARE EXPOSED TO VACUUM
WILL BOIL AWAY,
FREEZING THE TISSUE UNDERNEATH.
MISSION CONTROL REALIZES
LEONOV SHOULD BE
INSIDE THE AIR LOCK BY NOW.
SOVIET OFFICIALS
CUT THE LIVE CAMERA FEED
THAT IS BROADCASTING
LEONOV'S FEAT
TO MILLIONS OF VIEWERS
AROUND THE WORLD.
LEONOV IS GETTING HOTTER
AND HOTTER
BECAUSE HE'S OVERWHELMING
THE COOLING SYSTEM IN HIS SUIT.
AND SO, OF COURSE,
THAT'S A RISK THERE OF
ACTUALLY GETTING
SOMETHING LIKE HEAT STROKE.
LEONOV'S CORE TEMPERATURE RISES
BY A POTENTIALLY DEADLY
3.2 DEGREES.
SWEAT POOLS IN HIS BOOTS,
FILLING HIS SUIT.
IF HE'S NOT ABLE TO DEPRESSURIZE
AND RE-ENTER THE HATCH,
END OF STORY.
THAT'S HOW
THE FIRST SPACEWALK ENDS...
WITH AN ASTRONAUT DEATH.
LEONOV'S RISK PAYS OFF.
HIS SUIT DEFLATES ENOUGH FOR
HIM TO FIT THROUGH THE AIR LOCK.
THE ORDEAL COSTS HIM
10% OF HIS BODY WEIGHT.
LOSING 13 POUNDS OF
YOUR BODY WEIGHT IN 12 MINUTES
WILL LEAVE YOU EXHAUSTED,
DISORIENTED,
AND BARELY ABLE TO FUNCTION.
TOGETHER WITH
COPILOT PAVEL BELYAYEV,
HE MUST NOW PREPARE
TO RETURN TO EARTH.
BUT THE VOSKHOD SPACECRAFT'S
AUTOMATIC GUIDANCE SYSTEM
IS MALFUNCTIONING.
THEY WILL HAVE TO
MANUALLY CONTROL THE CRAFT
DURING RE-ENTRY.
AND THERE IS ONLY ENOUGH FUEL
FOR ONE ATTEMPT.
THEY HAD TO
FIRE THEIR RETROTHRUSTERS
AT AN EXACT MOMENT.
YOU HAVE TO GET THIS RIGHT.
THERE WON'T BE
ANY SECOND CHANCES.
ACTIVATING THE RETROTHRUSTERS,
THEY MANAGE TO
PENETRATE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE.
THE COSMONAUTS'
PROBLEMS ARE NOT OVER YET.
DURING RE-ENTRY,
THE SPACECRAFT'S TWO HALVES
FAIL TO SEPARATE,
THROWING THEM INTO A WILD SPIN.
A COMMUNICATION CABLE
THAT SHOULD HAVE DETACHED
STILL LINKS THE ORBITAL
AND LANDING MODULES.
THEY ARE COMPLETELY OUT OF CONTROL,
HURTLING TOWARDS EARTH.
SO AS THEY'RE DESCENDING
THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE,
THEY FEEL THE G's
START TO BUILD.
THEY GET UP TO 8 TO 10 G's.
WITH JUST SECONDS TO SPARE,
THE CABLE BURNS THROUGH,
SEPARATING THE TWO CRAFT,
ALLOWING THE LANDING MODULE'S
CHUTES TO DEPLOY.
THEY TOUCH DOWN SAFELY.
BUT THEY LAND MORE THAN
1,000 MILES OFF COURSE
IN ARCTIC SIBERIA.
THE TEMPERATURE OUTSIDE IS 22
OF COURSE, HYPOTHERMIA
AND FREEZING TO DEATH
CAN OCCUR PRETTY RAPIDLY.
WEARING DAMP SPACE
SUITS, THE COSMONAUTS ENDURE
TWO WHOLE NIGHTS IN THE OPEN
BEFORE RESCUERS REACH THEM.
THE SOVIET REGIME SELLS THE
MISSION AS A COMPLETE SUCCESS,
SECURING THEIR POSITION
LEADING THE SPACE RACE.
NASA WAS AGAIN PLAYING CATCH-UP.
THE APPARENT RUSSIAN SUCCESS
MAKES NASA ACCELERATE
ITS SCHEDULE
FOR THE FIRST AMERICAN
TO WALK IN SPACE.
THE ORIGINAL PLAN CALLED FOR
ASTRONAUT ED WHITE
TO CARRY OUT A SAFETY RUN
IN JUNE,
TWO MONTHS LATER THAN
LEONOV'S FIRST SPACEWALK.
PRIOR TO LEONOV'S SPACEWALK,
NASA'S PLAN FOR GEMINI 4 WAS
TO HAVE ED WHITE OPEN THE HATCH,
STAND UP ON HIS SEAT,
LOOK OUTSIDE,
AND THEN SIT BACK DOWN
AND CLOSE THE HATCH.
TO CATCH UP
WITH THEIR SOVIET RIVALS,
NASA ABANDONS THE SAFETY RUN
AND CHANGES WHITE'S MISSION
TO A FULL SPACEWALK
MONTHS AHEAD OF SCHEDULE.
ON JUNE 3, 1965,
WHITE BECOMES THE FIRST
AMERICAN TO WALK IN SPACE.
HE SPENDS 23 MINUTES
OUTSIDE THE GEMINI 4 MODULE.
ED WHITE'S SPACEWALK
WAS A RESOUNDING SUCCESS
EVEN WITH THE RISK NASA TOOK
BY MOVING IT FORWARD.
ED WHITE DOES NOT HAVE TO
PAY THE SAME PRICE AS LEONOV
FOR HIS PLACE IN HISTORY.
ED WAS FLOATING AROUND,
THOROUGHLY ENJOYING IT.
IN FACT, JIM McDIVITT
HAD TO REALLY COERCE HIM
TO COME BACK
INTO THE SPACECRAFT.
COMING UP,
A NASA PROBE FOUR
BILLION MILES FROM EARTH
ENCOUNTERS
AN UNIDENTIFIED RADIO SIGNAL.
WHAT'S CAUSING THIS SOUND?
WHERE IS IT COMING FROM?
WE DIDN'T EXPECT ANYTHING
LIKE THIS.
AS THE ROSETTA PROBE APPROACHES
A COMET TUMBLING THROUGH SP
IT PICKS UP
A MYSTERIOUS RADIO SIGNAL.
WHAT'S CAUSING THIS SOUND?
WHERE IS IT COMING FROM?
DOES THIS MEAN ANYTHING?
THE COMET APPEARS TO BE SINGING.
MAYBE THIS IS IT. MAYBE THIS IS
THE COMMUNICATION
FROM SOME ALIEN WORLD.
THROUGHOUT HISTORY,
MANY HUMAN CULTURES
BELIEVED COMETS WERE A SIGN
OF IMPENDING DISASTER.
TODAY,
WE HAVE LANDED SPACECRAFT UPON THEM.
AND YET,
THEY ARE NO LESS MYSTERIOUS.
THE ROSETTA SPACECRAFT
NEARS THE END
OF ITS 10-YEAR,
4 BILLION-MILE JOURNEY.
ITS TARGET IS THE COMET
KNOWN AS 67P.
THIS IS THE FIRST REALLY
CLOSE-UP LOOK AT A COMET
IN HUMAN HISTORY.
EVEN TRAVELING
AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT,
THE FIRST IMAGES FROM ROSETTA
TAKE MORE THAN AN HOUR
TO REACH EARTH.
THE APPEARANCE OF A COMET
ASTONISHES SCIENTISTS.
IT'S LIKE A PEANUT, ALMOST.
IT'S GOT ROUGH TERRAIN.
IT'S GOT SMOOTH TERRAIN.
IT'S GOT ROCKY AREAS.
SCIENTISTS MONITORING THE
DATA FEED FROM THE PROBE
NOTICE IT'S PICKING UP
A RADIO SIGNAL.
WHAT WE START TO HEAR IS WE HEAR
THIS REALLY LOW-FREQUENCY SOUND.
THIS SOUND IS BELOW
THE FREQUENCIES
THAT WE CAN HEAR WITH OUR EARS.
TO MAKE TO SOUND
AUDIBLE TO THE HUMAN EAR,
EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY EXPERTS
BOOST THE RADIO FREQUENCY
BY A FACTOR OF 10,000.
AND WHEN WE DO HEAR IT,
IT'S A VERY UNUSUAL,
VERY STRANGE SOUND THAT IT'S MAKING.
COMET 67P, A TOTALLY
DEAD CHUNK OF ICE AND ROCK,
APPEARS TO BE SINGING.
THE COMET SONG
IS COMPLETELY NEW TO US.
WE DIDN'T EXPECT IT.
THE COMET SONG IS THE LATEST
OF MANY STRANGE SIGNALS
EXPLORATION MISSIONS
HAVE ENCOUNTERED
IN THE DEPTHS OF SPACE.
THIS IS NOT THE FIRST TIME THAT
SCIENTISTS HAVE ENCOUNTERED,
IF YOU WILL,
NOISE FROM THE COSMOS.
AFTER ALL,
JUPITER MAKES SOME NOISE.
DISTANT GALAXIES
MAKE SOME NOISE.
HOT GAS, COLD GAS,
THEY ALL MAKE NOISE.
THESE ARE ALL NATURAL PHENOMENA.
BUT THE RADIO SIGNALS
FROM UNINHABITED PLANETS,
LIKE JUPITER AND SATURN,
ARE RELATIVELY EASY TO EXPLAIN.
THESE PLANETS PRODUCE
VERY STRONG MAGNETIC FIELDS
THAT INTERACT WITH
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
TO PRODUCE RADIO WAVES.
THESE ARE THE SIGNALS
SCIENTISTS ARE PICKING UP.
COMET 67P SHOULD NOT BE CAPABLE
OF PRODUCING
THAT TYPE OF SIGNAL.
WE DON'T THINK THAT THE COMET
HAS A MAGNETIC FIELD.
IN FACT,
THE MEASUREMENTS TELL US
IT DOESN'T HAVE
A MAGNETIC FIELD.
AS SCIENTISTS
STRUGGLE TO EXPLAIN
HOW COMET 67P
IS CREATING THE EERIE SOUNDS,
THE INTERNET EXPLODES
WITH THEORIES.
CONSPIRACY THEORISTS
JUMP ON THAT RIGHT AWAY
BECAUSE THEY SAY, "LOOK.
THIS COULD BE AN ATTEMPT
BY EXTRATERRESTRIALS
TO COMMUNICATE WITH US."
THIS IDEA ISN'T REALLY
THAT CRAZY BECAUSE
WE HAVE SENT OUT COMMUNICATIONS
INTENDED FOR ALIENS.
WHEN THE PIONEER
AND VOYAGER SPACECRAFT
WERE SENT TO THE OUTER
SOLAR SYSTEM IN THE 1970s,
THEY PUT MESSAGES ON IT.
IN THE CASE OF THE VOYAGERS,
THEY SENT A RECORD.
THE MESSAGES WERE DESIGNED
TO GIVE A PICTURE OF
20th-CENTURY EARTH
AND ITS INHABITANTS
TO POSSIBLE
EXTRATERRESTRIAL CIVILIZATIONS
WHO MIGHT
INTERCEPT THE SPACECRAFT
MILLIONS OF YEARS FROM NOW.
THAT RECORD
HAD SELECTIONS OF MUSIC.
IT HAD PEOPLE SPEAKING
DIFFERENT LANGUAGES.
HELLO FROM THE
CHILDREN OF PLANET EARTH.
SO WHEN PEOPLE START TO HEAR
SOUNDS COMING FROM COMETS,
THEY GET VERY EXCITED THAT,
"MAYBE THIS IS IT.
MAYBE THIS IS THE COMMUNICATION
FROM SOME ALIEN WORLD."
ON SEPTEMBER 29th,
A LEAKED E-MAIL,
ALLEGEDLY FROM
THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY,
FUELS SPECULATION
THAT THE ROSETTA MISSION
MAY HAVE A SECRET AGENDA.
THERE'S SOME PEOPLE WHO THINK
THAT THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY
LANDED ON COMET 67P
FOR REASONS OTHER THAN
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH.
THE E-MAIL SAID,
"MAKE NO MISTAKE.
YOU DON'T SPEND
BILLIONS OF DOLLARS
TO CONSTRUCT A SPACECRAFT
TO GO ON A JOURNEY
JUST TO TAKE SOME PHOTOS
OF A RANDOMLY SELECTED COMET."
THE E-MAIL CONTAINED PHOTOS
SHOWING WHAT APPEARED TO BE
SOMETHING DEFINITELY ARTIFICIAL
WHERE NOTHING ARTIFICIAL
SHOULD BE.
WELL,
IF IT REALLY IS AN ALIEN CRAFT,
MAN, THAT'S A LITTLE MORE
INTERESTING THAN A COMET,
ISN'T IT?
THE ROSETTA PROBE
CONTINUES TO ORBIT THE COMET.
ON OCTOBER 20, 2014,
ITS OSIRIS CAMERA
OFFERS SCIENTISTS A NEW CLUE
ABOUT WHAT COULD BE
CAUSING THE SOUND.
COMET 67P IS VENTING
GAS AND DUST PARTICLES.
AND AS THEY ESCAPE,
SOMETHING'S HAPPENING.
SCIENTISTS SPECULATE
THE PARTICLES THE COMET EMITS
BECOME MAGNETIZED
BY SOLAR WINDS.
THE VIBRATIONS
OF THESE CHARGED PARTICLES
COULD POTENTIALLY PRODUCE
SOUND AS RADIO WAVES.
BUT WE CAN TRANSLATE
THAT RADIO SIGNAL INTO SOUND.
AND THAT'S WHAT IT
SOUNDS LIKE. IT'S SINGING.
THE THEORY FITS MOST
OF THE KNOWN FACTS AROUND 67P.
BUT MANY QUESTIONS ABOUT
THE COMET REMAIN UNANSWERED.
THEY'RE SO COMPLICATED
THAT WE'RE GONNA HAVE TO WAIT
A LONG TIME
BEFORE WE FULLY UNDERSTAND IT.
SO FOR NOW, IT'S REALLY NOT
KNOWN WHY COMETS SING SONGS.
COMING UP,
A CHINESE LUNAR PROBE COMES UNDER ATTACK.
THERE IS SOMETHING ON THE MOON
THAT IS REALLY LETHAL.
CHINA'S FIRST MOON ROVER
BREAKS DOWN WITH NO EXP
IT'S ALMOST LIKE SOMEONE
OR SOMETHING
IS SABOTAGING THE MISSIONS.
COULD A DESTRUCTIVE PHENOMENON
THAT PLAGUED THE APOLLO
MISSIONS BE RESPONSIBLE?
THERE IS SOMETHING ON THE
MOON THAT IS REALLY LETHAL.
AND WE NEED TO
BE CONCERNED ABOUT IT.
TODAY, SPACE EXPLORATION I
THIRTEEN COUNTRIES
HAVE AN ACTIVE SPACE PROGRAM.
EVERY NATION
MUST LEARN FOR ITSELF
TO HANDLE THE DANGERS
THAT WAIT IN THE DARKNESS.
CHINA JOINS THE MAJOR PLAYERS
IN SPACE EXPLORATION
WHEN ITS LUNAR ROVER,
JADE RABBIT,
TOUCHES DOWN
IN AN AREA OF THE MOON
KNOWN AS THE BAY OF RAINBOWS.
A SPACE PROGRAM
IS A REAL BADGE OF HONOR
TO SHOW THAT YOU CAN
PLAY IN THOSE BIG LEAGUES.
THIS IS THE FIRST TIME
SINCE 1976
THAT ANY NATION HAS LANDED
ANYTHING ON THE MOON.
THE ROVER STARTED WORKING,
AND EVERYTHING SEEMED TO BE
GOING FINE.
BUT THEN, ALL OF A SUDDEN,
IT JUST STOPPED.
NOTHING'S WORKING. DEAD.
THE CHINESE
SPACE ADMINISTRATION'S
CRYPTIC EXPLANATION
DESCRIBES THE PROBLEM AS A
MECHANICAL CONTROL ABNORMALITY.
IT'S REALLY VERY HARD
TO READ INTO
THE CHINESE ANNOUNCEMENTS
OF THEIR PROBLEMS
LIKE THE MECHANICAL CONTROL
ANOMALY.
THEIR INSIGHT INTO WHAT
REALLY HAPPENED IS INCOMPLETE.
CHINESE NEWS REPORTS HINT
THAT THE ROVER
WAS DELIBERATELY IMPAIRED.
THE STATE MEDIA SUGGESTS
THAT THIS COULD BE DUE TO
UFOs SABOTAGING
THE JADE RABBIT ROVER.
THEN, ALL HELL BREAKS LOOSE.
CONSPIRACY THEORISTS
USE FOOTAGE FROM THE ISS
AS EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT
THE UFO THEORY.
ENTHUSIASTS ARE LOOKING AT
THE LIVE FEED
FROM THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION
WHEN THEY SEE
A STRANGE, ARTIFICIAL OBJECT.
IT IS A MASSIVE COINCIDENCE
THAT YOU HAVE THE FIRST CHINESE
MISSION ON THE MOON GOING
AND THIS UFO FLYING TOWARDS IT.
BUT NASA IDENTIFIES
THE MYSTERIOUS OBJECT
AS THE CYGNUS
AUTOMATED SPACECRAFT
DELIVERING SUPPLIES TO THE ISS.
THE CHINESE SPACE AGENCY
RULES OUT
EXTRATERRESTRIAL INVOLVEMENT.
THEIR SCIENTISTS
CONSIDER THE POSSIBILITY
THE ROVER WAS HIT BY METEOR.
THE MOON HAS HAD
THIS VIOLENT HISTORY.
AND IT HAS THE SCARS
TO PROVE IT.
EVERY YEAR, THE MOON IS HIT AT
THAT'S WHY
IT'S COVERED IN CRATERS.
WHEN NASA's
LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER
FLIES DIRECTLY OVER
THE STRICKEN ROVER,
INVESTIGATORS GET
THEIR FIRST OPPORTUNITY
TO INSPECT THE VEHICLE.
IT MANAGES TO CAPTURE
A BIRD'S-EYE VIEW
OF THE WHOLE AREA,
FROM THE INITIAL LANDING SPOT
TO THE BROKEN ROVER'S
FINAL RESTING PLACE.
JADE RABBIT IS INTACT.
AND THERE'S NO EVIDENCE OF
ANY FRESH METEOR STRIKES NEARBY.
WHATEVER SNARED THIS RABBIT,
IT WASN'T A METEOR.
THE CHINESE
INVESTIGATION DRAWS A BLANK.
BUT NASA ENGINEERS SUGGEST
THAT JADE RABBIT
MAY HAVE BEEN ATTACKED
BY A MYSTERIOUS GRAY SUBSTANCE
THAT PLAGUED
PREVIOUS MOON MISSIONS.
THIS MATERIAL IS HAZARDOUS TO EQUIPMENT,
HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH,
HAZARDOUS TO THE ENTIRE MISSION.
WE DID EXPERIMENTS WHERE
WE BLEW IT AT KEVLAR,
AND IT CUT RIGHT THROUGH IT.
DURING THE APOLLO 15 MISSION,
ASTRONAUTS WHO'D BEEN
ON THE LUNAR SURFACE
INADVERTENTLY BROUGHT
THE DANGEROUS GRAY SUBSTANCE
BACK INTO THE SPACECRAFT
WITH THEM.
MY EXPERIENCE ON APOLLO 15 WAS
THAT DAVE SCOTT AND JIM IRWIN,
WHEN THEY CAME BACK
TO THE COMMAND MODULE,
THEIR SUITS WERE ACTUALLY GRAY.
THEIR SPACE SUITS
WERE STARTING TO LEAK,
THE JOINTS ON THE SUITS
ON SOME OF THE ELBOWS
AND THE SHOULDERS AND
THE WRIST JOINTS WERE JAMMING
IN THE SUITS THAT THEY
DEPENDED ON FOR THEIR VERY LIVES.
WE HAD TO CLEAN OFF THOSE SUITS.
WE VACUUMED THEM
AS BEST BE COULD,
COULDN'T GET IT ALL OFF.
IT WAS JUST STUCK
AND WOULD NOT LET GO.
Uh, light-gray material
on either side.
Oh, man. That's incredible.
A YEAR LATER, ON APOLLO 17,
THE STRANGE SUBSTANCE EATS
THROUGH THREE LAYERS OF KEVLAR
IN ASTRONAUT HARRISON
SCHMITT'S BOOT.
ANYTHING THAT CAN BE ROUGH
ENOUGH TO SCRATCH THROUGH KEVLAR
IS SOMETHING THAT'S
VERY HAZARDOUS.
AFTER EXAMINING ALL THE
EVIDENCE COLLECTED BY NASA,
SPACE EXPERTS IDENTIFIED
THE DESTRUCTIVE MATERIAL.
IT TURNS OUT THIS IS MOON DUST.
LUNAR DUST MAY LOOK LIKE
A LITTLE, HARMLESS POWDER.
BUT WHEN YOU LOOK AT IT
THROUGH A MICROSCOPE,
YOU CAN SEE
THIS IS NO ORDINARY DUST.
IT'S ALL TO DO WITH THE
SHAPE OF THE PARTICLES.
CLOSE EXAMINATION
REVEALS THAT MOON DUST
IS VERY DIFFERENT
FROM DUST ON EARTH.
IT'S BEEN THROUGH A COMPLETELY
LUNAR DUST IS WEATHERED BY
MICROMETEOROID IMPACTS.
AND THESE WILL CREATE
SPLATTERS OF GLASS
THAT WILL SOLIDIFY
AND HARDEN DUST
INTO THESE CRAZY,
ODD, SHARP SHAPES.
SO THEY'RE LIKE
SHARP, LITTLE KNIFE BLADES.
THE JAGGED LUNAR DUST HAS
ANOTHER DISTURBING PROPERTY
THAT THREATENS ASTRONAUTS.
IT'S ELECTROSTATICALLY CHARGED
BECAUSE OF
THE IONIZING RADIATION
THAT STRIKES THE MOON
CONTINUOUSLY.
SO LUNAR DUST
HAS THIS CLING-Y FEATURE.
THE SAME WAY THAT YOUR CLOTHES
MIGHT STICK TO YOU
WHEN THEY COME OUT OF THE DRYER,
THE DUST WILL STICK TO YOU
BECAUSE OF ELECTROSTATIC CHARGE.
TINY KNIVES OF MOON ROCK
WHICH CLING TO ANYTHING
THAT COMES NEAR
ARE POTENTIALLY DEVASTATING
TO MAN OR MACHINE.
LUNAR DUST
IS EXTREMELY ABRASIVE.
AND WHEN IT GETS INTO ROTATING
MECHANISMS, ROTATING JOINTS,
IT BEGINS TO CREATE FRICTION.
AND EVENTUALLY,
IT'LL BIND UP THE JOINTS
SO THAT THE MACHINE
CANNOT MOVE ANYMORE.
THE DUST IS SO SMALL,
IF YOU BREATHED IT IN,
IT WOULD ACTUALLY GO DIRECTLY
INTO THE BLOODSTREAM.
THAT'S WHAT MAKES IT
SO DANGEROUS.
IT'S THESE UNIQUE,
DESTRUCTIVE QUALITIES
THAT MAKE SOME EXPERTS BELIEVE
THAT MOON DUST
CAUSED
THE JADE RABBIT'S BREAKDOWN.
AS FOR NOW,
WE STILL DON'T KNOW WHY IT FAILED.
BUT CERTAINLY,
THE LEADING INDICATOR
IS THAT THE MOON DUST ATE IT.
JADE RABBIT LIES
FROZEN IN THE BAY OF RAINBOWS.
UNTIL SCIENTISTS CAN FIND A
WAY TO COMBAT THE DEADLY DUST,
IT WILL REMAIN A LETHAL HAZARD
FOR ANY MOON TRAVELER.
WE BELIEVE THAT THE LUNAR DUST
IS THE NUMBER-ONE CHALLENGE
IN RETURNING TO THE MOON.
UP NEXT,
NASA TRIES TO PREVENT PANIC FROM SPREADING
AFTER REPORTS THAT A KILLER
ASTEROID IS ABOUT TO HIT EARTH.
CHUCKS OF EARTH
WILL BE BLOWN UP INTO THE SKY
ONLY TO FALL BACK
AS SECONDARY IMPACTS.
TERROR GRIPS
THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES...
PEOPLE ARE SAYING THAT THERE'S
A 2 1/2-MILE-WIDE ASTEROID
HEADING FOR THE EARTH.
WHILE NASA DENIES
THE OBJECT IS A THREAT,
THE U.S. MILITARY MOBILIZES
ON AN UNPRECEDENTED SCALE.
ALL THE MOST ELITE
MILITARY GROUPS IN THE U.S.
ARE PREPARING FOR SOMETHING.
THEY'RE ALL GETTING READY
FOR SOMETHING BIG.
NEWS REPORTS OF
AN ASTEROID ABOUT TO HIT EARTH
CAUSE WIDESPREAD ALARM.
IT TAKES ONLY ONE
TO DESTROY AN ENTIRE CITY
AND POTENTIALLY KILL MILLIONS.
IF A 2.5-MILE-WIDE ASTEROID
STRUCK EARTH,
IT WOULD RUIN OUR WHOLE DAY.
CHUNKS OF EARTH WOULD BE
BLOWN UP INTO THE SKY
ONLY TO FALL BACK
AS SECONDARY IMPACTS.
THE SHOCK WAVE
WOULD BLOSSOM OUT,
DEVASTATING BUILDINGS, TOWNS,
AND ANYTHING
THAT GOT IN ITS PATH.
TO PREVENT PANIC,
NASA ISSUES A STATEMENT.
NASA ISSUES AN ABSOLUTELY
CATEGORICAL DENIAL
THAT THERE'S ANY ASTEROID
HEADING FOR THE EARTH.
BUT LEAKED INFORMATION ABOUT
FUELS FEARS THAT THE GOVERNMENT
MAY NOT BE REVEALING
THE WHOLE TRUTH.
THE MOST ELITE MILITARY UNITS
IN THE U.S. ARE MOBILIZING...
THE U.S. SEALS,
THE MARINE CORPS.
IT'S LIKE THEY'RE GETTING
READY FOR SOMETHING.
THE OPERATION IS CALLED
JADE HELM.
THE STATED PURPOSE IS
TO MASTER THE HUMAN DOMAIN.
THAT COULD MEAN ANYTHING.
THE DATE AND TIME OF
THE PREDICTED ASTEROID IMPACT
PASSES WITHOUT INCIDENT.
THIS TIME, THERE IS NO CRISIS
FOR THE SOLDIERS OF OPERATION
JADE HELM TO CONFRONT.
BUT THE THREAT OF AN ASTEROID
ARMAGEDDON IS ALL TOO REAL.
IT'S NOT A QUESTION OF IF WE'RE
GONNA GET A BIG METEOR IMPACT.
THE ONLY QUESTION IS, WHEN?
OCCASIONALLY,
WE GET HIT BY SOMETHING LARGE,
SUCH AS HAPPENED IN RUSSIA
NOT TOO LONG IN CHELYABINSK.
AND THAT HAD AN EQUIVALENT
ENERGY OF ABOUT 1/2 A MEGATON,
WHICH IS THE SIZE OF
A SIGNIFICANT STRATEGIC
THERMONUCLEAR WEAPON.
THERE ARE THOUSANDS OF OBJECTS
LARGER THAN
THE CHELYABINSK METEOR
IN POTENTIALLY DEADLY
NEAR-EARTH ORBITS.
WHAT ARE WE GONNA DO
IF A LARGE ASTEROID IS HEA
WELL, RIGHT NOW,
WE CAN'T DO ANYTHING.
WE DON'T HAVE A MITIGATION
STRATEGY IN PLACE.
AS CHARLES BOLDEN,
THE NASA CHIEF SAID,
THE BEST DEFENSE WE HAVE
AGAINST A LARGE ASTEROID IMPACT
IS CURRENTLY PRAYER.
NASA ADMITS IT'S POWERLESS
AND MOST EXISTING IDEAS FOR
ANTI-ASTEROID DEFENSE MEASURES
ARE PURE SCIENCE-FICTION.
IN THE MOVIE "ARMAGEDDON,"
THEY TAKE A NUKE TO AN A
DRILL DOWN SO THEY CAN BURY IT
BEFORE DETONATING IT.
THAT MIGHT WORK, BUT
IT'S A HARD THING TO PULL OFF,
EVEN IF YOU'RE BRUCE WILLIS.
THE OTHER BIG, KILLER ASTEROID
MOVIE IS "DEEP IMPACT."
IN THAT MOVIE, THE PLAN IS TO
ATTACH THRUSTERS TO THE ASTEROID
AND KICK IT OFF ITS COLLISION
COURSE WITH THE EARTH.
BUT THAT'S EVEN HARDER
TO PULL OFF.
IT DIDN'T EVEN WORK
IN THE MOVIE.
FORTUNATELY FOR THE CONTINUED
SCIENTISTS ARE WORKING ON
MORE PRACTICAL IDEAS
FOR HOW TO STOP
A KILLER ASTEROID.
SO WHAT DO YOU DO WHEN NUKES
AND ROCKET THRUSTERS WON'T WORK?
WELL, YOU CAN
PAINT THE ASTEROID WHITE.
CHANGING THE COLOR OF AN
ASTEROID COULD CHANGE ITS O
BY TAKING ADVANTAGE OF A
LITTLE-KNOWN PHENOMENON CALLED
THE YARKOVSKY EFFECT.
AS AN OBJECT
IS TRAVELING THROUGH SPACE,
IT ABSORBS RADIATION.
IT ABSORBS HEAT FROM THE SUN.
AS THE ASTEROID
SPINS IN THE SUN,
ONE SIDE OF IT GETS HOTTER
THAN THE OTHER.
AND THAT SIDE EMITS
MORE HEAT ENERGY
IN THE FORM OF THESE
LITTLE PARTICLES OF LIGHT
THAT WE CALL PHOTONS.
AND EACH PHOTON
GIVES A LITTLE KICK.
THAT KICK
EITHER SPEEDS THE ASTEROID UP
OR SLOWS IT DOWN,
DEPENDING UPON
WHICH WAY IT'S SPINNING.
PAINTING AN ASTEROID WHITE
WOULD MAKE IT ABSORB LESS HEAT
AND ALTER ITS COURSE.
AND THAT WOULD RESULT
IN A CHANGE
IN THIS IMBALANCE OF HEATING,
MODIFY THE YARKOVSKY EFFECT
AND THUS REDIRECT THE ORBIT.
THE PLAN HAS ONE MAJOR FLAW...
IT COULD TAKE MORE THAN A DECADE
TO ALTER THE COURSE
OF A KILLER ASTEROID.
HUMANITY'S BEST HOPE COULD BE
THE WORK OF ONE SCIENTIST
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF
CALIFORNIA IN SANTA BARBARA.
DR. PHIL LUBIN HAS DEVISED
A LASER CANNON,
CODE NAMED PROJECT D.E.-STAR.
THE LASERS ARE FOCUSED
ONTO THE TARGET.
THE TARGET BEGINS TO HEAT.
THE HEATED TARGET EMITS
MOLECULES FROM THE SURFACE.
THAT MASS WHICH IS EJECTED
PUSHES THE ASTEROID
IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION.
AND THAT DEFLECTS OR CHANGES
THE ORBIT OF THE ASTEROID,
CAUSING IT,
HOPEFULLY, TO MISS THE EARTH.
IF WE CAN GET THE LASER CANNON
WE COULD DEFLECT
THE DANGEROUS ASTEROIDS FAST.
SO, ASTEROIDS THE SIZE
OF A HOUSE ARE A THREAT.
AND A D.E.-STAR MISSION WOULD
NOT TAKE VERY LONG AT ALL
TO DEAL WITH THAT.
IT COULD BE DONE IN WEEKS
OR LESS.
THE BAD NEWS FOR HUMANITY
IS THAT NONE OF THESE
ANTI-ASTEROID DEFENSE MEASURES
WILL BE READY
FOR AT LEAST A DECADE.
WE CAN ONLY HOPE
WE DON'T NEED THEM ANY SOONER.
WE RECKON THAT WE'VE IDENTIFIED
AT LEAST 95%
OF THE REALLY BIG ASTEROIDS,
THE ONES THAT COULD WIPE OUT
OR CHANGE LIFE AS WE KNOW IT.
BUT THERE'S STILL THAT 5%.
STILL TO COME,
FOOTAGE FROM THE ISS
FUELS SPECULATION ABOUT
SECRET NASA CRAFT
OPERATING IN EARTH ORBIT.
WE SEE THIS UNUSUAL OBJECT
NEXT TO ISS FOR A FEW MINUTES.
AND THEN THE VIDEO FEED
CUTS OUT.
WHAT'S GOING ON?
A MYSTERIOUS OBJECT APPEARS
ON THE CAMERAS OF THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
WHATEVER THIS OBJECT IS,
IT DOESN'T APPEAR TO BE ANYTHING
THAT'S DOCKED WITH ISS BEFORE.
MOMENTS AFTER
THE OPTIC MATERIALIZES,
THE LIVE VIDEO FEED GOES DOWN.
WHAT'S GOING ON?
IS THERE SOMETHING NASA
DOESN'T WANT US TO SEE?
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION ORBITS 22
THE CAMERAS OF ITS LIVE VIDEO
FEED OPERATE 24 HOURS A DAY.
AMATEUR OBSERVERS ARE LOOKING AT
THE LIVE FEED FROM THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
WHEN THEY SEE A STRANGE YELLOW
ELLIPTICAL-SHAPED OBJECT.
PEOPLE WATCHING
THE FOOTAGE ON EARTH
NOTICE THE OBJECT SEEMS TO
HOLD THE SAME POSITION
RELATIVE TO THE SPACE STATION
FOR SEVERAL MINUTES.
JUST MINUTES AFTER IT APPEARS
IN THE LIVE FEED FROM THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION,
THE CAMERA CUTS OUT.
SO THE QUESTION BECOMES,
IS THIS A COINCIDENCE?
OR IS IT SOMETHING THAT NASA
DOESN'T WANT YOU TO SEE?
WHENEVER WE SEE SOMETHING
UNIDENTIFIED NEXT TO ISS,
WE HAVE TO ASSUME
IT'S POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS.
WHEN THE FOOTAGE
GOES VIRAL ON THE INTERNET,
MANY COMMENTERS CLAIM
THE OBJECT IS NOTHING MORE
THAN A PIECE OF ORBITAL DEBRIS.
SOME PEOPLE SURMISE THIS COULD
A PRETTY BIG PIECE
OF SPACE JUNK.
AND THAT WOULD BE
A LITTLE BIT WORRYING
TO BE SO CLOSE TO THE ISS.
A PIECE OF DEBRIS
OF THIS APPARENT SIZE
WOULD BE A DEADLY THREAT
TO THE ISS.
BUT THE MYSTERIOUS
YELLOWISH OBJECT
DOESN'T BEHAVE LIKE SPACE JUNK.
IT'S NOT
JUST A PIECE OF SPACE JUNK
BECAUSE THESE PIECES OF DEBRIS
ARE ORBITING THE EARTH
AT 17,500 MILES AN HOUR.
THEY'RE NOT GONNA
COME UP TO THE STATION
AND JUST SIT NEXT TO IT
NICELY LIKE THAT.
EXPERTS CONSIDER THE POSSIBILITY
THE OBJECT COULD BE PART OF
THE EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE
OF THE ISS.
NOW, THIS THING WASN'T ON THE
SCHEMATICS OF THE SPACE STATION.
THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN
AN OBVIOUS THING TO CHECK.
SO IT'S SOMETHING ELSE.
THIS APPEARS TO BE ATTACHED TO
THE RUSSIAN SOYUZ SITE
AND DOESN'T APPEAR TO BE ANY
OF THOSE OTHER KINDS OF MODULES.
THE SOYUZ SPACECRAFT
IS THE MAIN FORM OF TRANSPORT
FOR ASTRONAUTS TRAVELING
TO AND FROM THE ISS.
SO THIS THING WAS RIGHT NEAR
THE DOCKING PORT
OF THE RUSSIAN SOYUZ MODULE.
I MEAN,
WAS IT TRYING TO COME ABOARD?
DID IT HAVE PERMISSION
TO COME ABOARD?
COULD THIS
MYSTERIOUS YELLOW OBJECT
BE AN UNIDENTIFIED
DOCKED SPACECRAFT?
THE SHAPE OF THE
OBJECT IS UNUSUAL.
IT DOES APPEAR
TO HAVE SOME POINT TO IT,
WHICH COULD INDICATE
THAT IT INTENDS
SOME SORT OF
ATMOSPHERIC PENETRATION.
THE OBJECT'S AERODYNAMIC, ST
LEAD SOME OBSERVERS TO
THEORIZE THIS COULD REPRESENT
A NEW, TOP-SECRET
PROTOTYPE SPACECRAFT.
NASA AND OTHER SPACE AGENCIES
HAVE BEEN TRYING FOR YEARS
TO DEVELOP SOMETHING
THAT WOULD BE VERY IMPORTANT
FOR SPACE TRAVEL,
AND THAT'S REUSABLE VEHICLES.
THE CURVES ARE SIMILAR TO A REUSABLE,
HYPERSONIC SPACECRAFT
THAT COULD MAKE
ATMOSPHERIC FLIGHTS.
NASA HAS TWO KNOWN CRAFT
BEARING A SUPER
TO THE MYSTERY OBJECT,
HYPERSONIC TEST VEHICLES
CALLED THE X51 AND THE X43.
THEY HAVE SET WORLD
SPEED RECORDS FOR AIRPLANES,
ALTHOUGH THEY'RE UNMANNED,
OF MACH 5, 6, AND MACH 7.
THAT'S CALLED HYPERSONIC.
BUT NEITHER
OF THE KNOWN NASA CRAFT
ARE DESIGNED FOR SPACE MISSIONS.
THERE HAVE BEEN SOME
WHO SPECULATED
THAT THIS OBJECT WAS THE NEXT
ITERATION OF THE X51 OR THE X43.
I DON'T BELIEVE SO.
THE X43 AND THE 51 WERE BOTH
WHAT ARE CALLED AIR BREATHERS.
AND THAT MEANS THEY HAD TO
HAVE ATMOSPHERE IN ORDER TO FLY.
NASA DOES HAVE ANOTHER
ENGINE SYSTEM IN DEVELOPMENT
THAT COULD GET A CRAFT
OUT OF THE ATMOSPHERE
AND FLYING THROUGH SPACE.
THE MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC DRIVE
CONVERTS THE ENERGY OF A
CRAFT'S MOVEMENT INTO ELECTRICITY.
THEN, IT USES THE ELECTRICITY
TO VAPORIZE GAS OR LIQUID,
TURNING IT INTO A PROPELLANT.
THE DESIGN HAS NO MOVING PARTS
AND HAS ALREADY PROVEN TO WORK.
ONCE YOU GET
OUT OF THE ATMOSPHERE
AT 17,000 MILES AN HOUR,
YOU CAN JUST KEEP GOING.
SO ALL YOU NEED TO DO IS
STOCK UP WITH FUEL AND AIR,
AND YOU CAN GO
AS FAR AS YOU WANT.
WHOEVER DEVELOPS THIS
TECHNOLOGY FIRST HAS A MASSIVE EDGE.
THEY WILL MAKE SPACE
THEIR OWN BACKYARD,
AND EVERYONE ELSE WILL
BE STUCK PLAYING CATCH-UP.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMAGE
APPEARS NOT TO SUPPORT THE IDEA
THE OBJECT IS AN ADVANCED
PROTOTYPE SPACECRAFT.
THIS BRIGHT OBJECT HERE
COULD ACTUALLY BE A LENS
REFLECTION OF THE SOLAR PANELS,
WHICH ARE BRIGHTLY LIT
ON THIS SOYUZ SPACECRAFT.
OR IT COULD BE
AN INTERNAL REFLECTION
OFF OF INSTRUMENTATION
IN THE WINDOW THROUGH WHICH
THIS VIDEO WAS TAKEN.
BUT THE SIMPLE EXPLANATIONS
IT WASN'T LIKE
A PIECE OF LINT ON THE LENS
OR SOME OPTICAL ILLUSION
OF SOME SORT
BECAUSE THE EARTH MOVED
BENEATH IT.
THE LIGHT CAME AND WENT.
SHADOWS CAME AND WENT.
AND IT SEEMED TO HAVE
AN ACTUAL PRESENCE.
SO THAT'S MYSTERIOUS.
COMING UP, PANIC SPREADS
AS SCIENTISTS DISCOVER LIVING
ORGANISMS FALLING FROM THE SKY
IN A MYSTERIOUS BLOOD-RED RAIN.
WE PUT THEM
UNDER THE MICROSCOPE,
AND WE SEE THEY ARE BIOLOGICAL.
I DON'T KNOW WHAT THEY ARE.
I CAN'T TELL YOU.
A STORM OF BLOOD-RED WATER
FALLS FROM THE SKIES
OF SOUTHERN INDIA.
IT LOOKS LIKE
A RED RAIN OF BLOOD,
LIKE SOMETHING OUT OF
A BIBLICAL PLAGUE.
ANALYSIS OF THE STRANGE FLUID
SEEMS TO SHOW THE PRESENCE OF
SOMETHING LIVING WITHIN IT.
SEEMS LIKE, THE MORE WE LEARN
ABOUT THIS ORGANISM,
THE LESS WE KNOW.
SHOWERS OF BIZARRE RED RAIN
SHOCKED THE PEOPLE OF KERALA
IN SOUTHERN INDIA.
LOTS OF VILLAGERS COLLECTED
BUCKETS AND BOTTLES
FULL OF WATER
THAT WAS, IN SOME CASES,
ALMOST BLOOD RED.
WHEN THE BLOOD RAIN
KEEPS FALLING FOR TWO MONTHS,
FEAR SPREADS
AMONG THE PROVINCE'S
30 MILLION INHABITANTS.
IT WASN'T A SIMPLE EVENT THAT
HAPPENED IN ONE TINY PLACE.
IT WAS OVER A WIDESPREAD REGION.
AND THE AMOUNT OF
WATER INVOLVED WAS HUGE.
IF SOMETHING LIKE THIS IS
GONNA HAPPEN IN YOUR HOMETOWN,
YOU'RE GONNA WANT TO KNOW
WHAT'S GOING ON.
TWO INDIAN SCIENTISTS DECIDE
THE TWO SCIENTISTS
WHO INVESTIGATE THIS
GO OUT TO COLLECT SAMPLES TO
FIND OUT WHY THE RAIN IS RED.
DR. GODFREY LOUIS
AND DR. SANTHOSH KUMAR
GATHER SAMPLES
OF THE MYSTERIOUS RAIN
AND SPEAK TO WITNESSES ABOUT
THE EVENTS LEADING UP
TO THE RAINFALL.
SCIENTISTS ASKED LOCAL PEOPLE
AND DISCOVERED
THERE WAS A LOUD BOOM
JUST BEFORE THE RED RAIN
STARTED TO FALL.
AN OFFICIAL REPORT SUGGESTS
THE LOUD BANG
COULD HAVE BEEN A SONIC BOOM
CAUSED BY A METEOR EXPLODING
AS IT HIT EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE.
A DISINTEGRATING METEOR
COULD EXPLAIN THE RED RAIN.
IF THE METEOR EXPLODED,
DUST COULD HAVE REMAINED
IN THE ATMOSPHERE.
AND THAT COULD HAVE AFFECTED
THE COLOR OF THE NEXT RAIN
WHEN IT STARTED TO FALL.
IT'S A PLAUSIBLE THEORY.
EARTH IS BOMBARDED BY
UP TO 78,000 TONS OF
METEORITES EVERY YEAR.
BUT THERE'S A PROBLEM
WITH THIS IDEA.
THE RAIN ALSO OCCURRED
MONTHS LATER,
SIGNIFICANT TIME PERIOD LATER.
HARD TO UNDERSTAND
HOW THERE COULD BE
THE DEBRIS OF THE SAME
METEORITE COMING BACK AGAIN.
IT JUST DOESN'T
MAKE ANY ASTRONOMICAL SENSE
OR METEOROLOGICAL SENSE.
LOUIS AND KUMAR EXAMINE
UNDER A MICROSCOPE.
WHEN THEY EXAMINED THE MATERIAL,
THEY FOUND THESE LITTLE, TINY,
ROUND RED PARTICLES
ON THE INSIDE OF THE LIQUID.
VISUALLY, THE PARTICLES
RESEMBLE HUMAN BL
BUT THEY DON'T BEHAVE
LIKE BLOOD CELLS.
WHATEVER THESE THINGS ARE,
INVESTIGATORS SEE THEM
REPRODUCING UNDER A MICROSCOPE.
REPRODUCTION
GGESTS THE STRANGE PARTICLES
COULD BE ALIVE.
THEY SEND SAMPLES
OF THE RED RAIN
TO MICROBIOLOGISTS IN THE U.K.
FOR FURTHER ANALYSIS.
WE PUT THEM ON
THE ELECTROMICROSCOPE.
WE LOOK AT THEM AT
FAR HIGHER MAGNIFICATION.
AND WE SEE MORE COMPLEXITY.
WE CAN SEE MORE DETAIL.
I WAS CONVINCED
THEY WERE BIOLOGICAL ENTITIES.
THE SCIENTISTS CONDUCT
A SERIES OF TESTS
TO CHECK IF THERE REALLY IS
SOMETHING LIVING
IN THE RED RAIN.
SO THE NEXT STAGE IS TO SEE IF
THEY'VE GOT DNA IN THEM
BECAUSE, OF COURSE, DNA IS
USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH LIFE.
WE CAN DO THAT VERY SIMPLY
BY USING A STAIN
WHICH REACTS WITH THE DNA
AND LIGHTS UP, ESSENTIALLY,
UNDER THE MICROSCOPE.
AND WE DO THIS, AND WE FIND DNA.
THEY ARE UNABLE
TO IDENTIFY THE DNA.
BUT ITS PRESENCE IN THE
RED RAIN IS UNDENIABLE.
THE EARTH'S SURFACE
IS TEEMING WITH LIFE.
AND DURING VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS,
THAT DUST CAN BE PUT
HIGH IN THE ATMOSPHERE.
AND SO MOST OF THE DUST
THAT FALLS FROM THE SKY
IS LIKELY TO CONTAIN
MICROORGANISMS.
THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT'S
OFFICIAL REPORT ON THE
STATES THAT THE RED RAIN
WAS CAUSED BY ALGAE.
THE MICROORGANISMS TURNED OUT
TO BE A LICHEN-FORMING ALGAE.
AND THESE JUST HAPPEN TO BE
VERY COMMON
IN THE AREA
WHERE THE RED RAIN FELL.
BUT FURTHER
EXPERIMENTS BY LOUIS AND KUMAR
DO NOT SUPPORT
THE GOVERNMENT'S ASSERTION
THAT THE ORGANISMS IN THE RAIN
ARE ALGAE.
THEY EXPOSED THE
SAMPLES TO HEAT, TO RADIATION,
TO EXTREME PRESSURE,
TO A WHOLE HOST OF DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS,
AND THE SAMPLES REMAIN
UNAFFECTED.
THERE ARE FEW KNOWN
EARTH LIFE-FORMS
WHOSE CELLS COULD SURVIVE
SUCH HARSH TESTS.
THE EVIDENCE LEADS LOUIS AND
KUMAR TO MAKE A STARTLING CLAIM.
THESE SCIENTISTS SAY
THAT THE MICROBES
COME FROM OUTER SPACE
AND HAVE BEEN DELIVERED
TO EARTH BY A METEORITE.
IT'S A POSSIBILITY THAT NASA
HAS BEEN INVEST
FROM EXPOSING ORGANISMS
IN THE LONG-DURATION EXPOSURE
FACILITY PUT UP BY SHUTTLE
AND IN EXPERIMENTS PUT UP
BY THE U.S. AND EUROPE
ON THE SPACE STATION,
ORGANISMS PUT IN SPACE
BUT SHIELDED FROM SUNLIGHT
CAN'T SURVIVE
LONG PERIODS OF TIME.
NASA'S ALSO FOUND THE
COMPONENTS OF LIFE O
WE KNOW,
FROM STUDIES OF METEORITES
THAT HAVE LANDED ON EARTH
AND NOW FROM STUDIES OF COMETS
IN SITU, IN SPACE,
THE BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS
OF LIFE ARE COMMON.
THEY'RE BEING MADE NATURALLY
BY THE UNIVERSE.
THE INDIAN
GOVERNMENT'S ALGAE EXPLANATION
FOR THE BLOOD RAIN
IS STILL DISPUTED.
KEY QUESTIONS REMAIN UNANSWERED.
FOR THE MOMENT, NO ONE'S BEEN
ABLE TO SEQUENCE THIS ORGANISM,
THAT IS, FIND OUT EXACTLY WHAT
IT IS BASED ON ITS DNA CONTENT.
FROM MY POINT OF VIEW,
THE RED RAINS OF KERALA
ARE STILL A PHENOMENA
THAT NEEDS TO BE STUDIED.
AND THEY REMAIN A MYSTERY.
HALF A CENTURY
AFTER THE FIRST HUMAN STEPPED
OUT INTO THE VACUUM OF SPACE,
THE ALIEN ENVIRONMENT REMAINS A
STERN TEST FOR MAN AND MACHINE.
THE THREATS FACED BY
THE PIONEERS OF SPACE TRAVEL
ARE STILL OUT THERE.
AND EVEN OUR OWN WORLD
REMAINS UNDER THREAT.
AS EXPLORATION MISSIONS
PUSH FARTHER INTO
THE DEPTHS OF SPACE,
WE WILL ENCOUNTER THINGS
THAT ARE EVEN HARDER TO EXPLAIN.
Subtitles Diego Moraes
www.oakisland.tk
IS TO EXPLORE THE UNKNOWN.
THERE'S MORE THAT
WE DON'T KNOW THAN WE DO KNOW.
THAT'S JUST THE NATURE
OF THE UNIVERSE.
IN THE SEARCH FOR ANSWERS,
IT LAUNCHES ITS SCIENTISTS
INTO SPACE,
ITS CRAFT BEYOND THE LIMITS
OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
TAKING RISK IS PART
OF MAKING DISCOVERIES.
SPACE EXPLORATION
IS LIKE LIGHTING A MATCH,
AND WE DON'T KNOW WHAT LURKS
IN THE SHADOWS.
THERE COULD BE ANYTHING
OUT THERE.
THE TERRIFYING TRUTH ABOUT
MANKIND'S FIRST SPACEWALK
BECOMES A SOVIET STATE SECRET.
IF HE'S NOT ABLE TO
RE-ENTER THE HATCH,
THAT'S HOW
THE FIRST SPACEWALK ENDS...
WITH AN ASTRONAUT DEATH.
THE FIRST HUMAN
SPACECRAFT TO APPROACH A COMET
ENCOUNTERS
AN UNIDENTIFIED RADIO SIGNAL.
IT SOUNDS LIKE IT'S SINGING.
MAYBE THIS IS IT. MAYBE THIS IS
THE COMMUNICATION
FROM SOME ALIEN WORLD.
AND A MYSTERIOUS OBJECT APPEARS
ON THE VIDEO FEED OF THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
THE SHAPE OF THIS OBJECT
CLEARLY LOOKED ARTIFICIAL,
AND I DON'T DOUBT
THAT IT WAS ARTIFICIAL.
THE ONLY QUESTION WAS,
WHAT WAS IT?
NASA's MISSIONS HAVE UNCOVERED
Okay, we're seeing
three or four objects.
Yeah, there are three objects.
...THAT CONTINUE TO PERPLEX
OUR FINEST SCIENTIFIC MINDS.
THESE ARE
NASA's UNEXPLAINED FILES.
NASA's Unexplained Files - SEASON 3
EP - 4 - Ghosts on a Comet
Subtitles Diego Moraes
A COSMONAUT BECOMES THE
FIRST MAN TO WALK IN SPACE.
NO ONE HAD EVER DONE IT.
NO ONE HAD EVER WORN A SUIT
OUTSIDE OF THEIR VEHICLE.
AND NOBODY KNEW WHAT TO EXPECT.
THE SOVIETS, THEY ALWAYS CLAIMED
THAT IT WAS A COMPLETE SUCCESS.
THE TRUE STORY
STAYS A SOVIET STATE SECRET
FOR MORE THAN FOUR DECADES.
WE WERE AT THE INFANCY
OF SPACE TRAVEL.
DISASTERS WERE EXPECTED.
COSMONAUT ALEXEY LEONOV
IS ABOUT TO MAKE HISTORY
FOR THE SOVIET SPACE PROGRAM.
THE SPACE SPECTACULAR
THAT THEY HAD IN THEIR SIGHTS
WAS TO ACTUALLY HAVE A COSMONAUT
GET OUT OF THE SPACECRAFT
AND WALK IN SPACE, TO ACTUALLY
FLOAT IN THE VACUUM OF SPACE.
THIS WAS THE SPACE RACE
REALLY HEATING UP NOW.
IT'S A RACE
THE RUSSIANS ARE WINNING.
ALEXEY LEONOV
STEPS OUT OF HIS CAPSULE
TO PERFORM THE FIRST SPACEWALK
IN HUMAN HISTORY.
WHAT NASA DIDN'T KNOW
WAS THAT LEONOV'S SPACEWALK
DID NOT GO AS SMOOTHLY AS PLANNED
AND, IN FACT, CAME CLOSE
TO KILLING THE COSMONAUT.
LEONOV GETS OUTSIDE.
HE'S FREE OF THE SPACECRAFT,
AND HE'S FLOATING
AT THE END OF AN UMBILICAL.
AND HE'S AMAZED BY THE VIEW.
HE SEES THE EARTH BEFORE HIM.
HE'S WAVING AT THE CAMERA AS
HE FLOATS AWAY FROM THE SHIP.
LEONOV SPENDS A EUPHORIC 1
BEFORE MISSION CONTROL
ORDERS HIM
BACK TO THE VOSKHOD SPACECRAFT.
AS HE APPROACHES THE AIR LOCK,
HE REALIZES HE HAS A PROBLEM.
LEONOV TRIES TO SQUEEZE HIS BODY
BACK INTO
THIS INFLATABLE AIR LOCK.
BUT HE REALIZES THAT,
IN THE VACUUM OF SPACE,
HIS SPACE SUIT
HAS SUDDENLY BALLOONED.
THE LACK OF
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IN SPACE
HAS CAUSED THE AIR
INSIDE HIS SUIT TO EXPAND.
SO NOW, HE'S OUTSIDE, IN THIS INFLATED,
HUMAN-SHAPED BALLOON.
AND SUDDENLY,
ALL OF HIS JOINTS ARE STIFF.
LEONOV WAS ALSO
WORKING AGAINST THE CLOCK.
IN LESS THAN FIVE MINUTES,
THE SPACECRAFT
WILL ENTER EARTH'S SHADOW,
PLUNGING LEONOV INTO
COMPLETE DARKNESS,
MAKING RE-ENTRY INTO THE
AIR LOCK ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE.
SO HE TAKES REALLY
ALMOST A DESPERATE MEASURE
AND ACTUALLY LETS OUT SOME
OF THE OXYGEN FROM HIS SUIT
VIA A VALVE ON HIS WRIST.
OPENING HIS SUIT IN SPACE
EXPOSES HIS BODY
TO A RAPID PRESSURE CHANGE
THAT COULD CAUSE CRIPPLING
DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS.
BY GOING DOWN IN PRESSURE,
HE RISKS THAT
SOME OF THE NITROGEN
MIGHT COME OUT OF SOLUTION
IN HIS BLOOD, FORMING BUBBLES.
DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS
CAN CAUSE TOTAL PARALYSIS.
IF LEONOV KEEPS THE SUIT VALVE
OPEN TOO LONG,
CONTINUED EXPOSURE
TO THE VACUUM OF SPACE
CAN HAVE DEADLY CONSEQUENCES.
WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT
DEPRESSURIZATION IS
ALL OF THE LIQUIDS
THAT ARE EXPOSED TO VACUUM
WILL BOIL AWAY,
FREEZING THE TISSUE UNDERNEATH.
MISSION CONTROL REALIZES
LEONOV SHOULD BE
INSIDE THE AIR LOCK BY NOW.
SOVIET OFFICIALS
CUT THE LIVE CAMERA FEED
THAT IS BROADCASTING
LEONOV'S FEAT
TO MILLIONS OF VIEWERS
AROUND THE WORLD.
LEONOV IS GETTING HOTTER
AND HOTTER
BECAUSE HE'S OVERWHELMING
THE COOLING SYSTEM IN HIS SUIT.
AND SO, OF COURSE,
THAT'S A RISK THERE OF
ACTUALLY GETTING
SOMETHING LIKE HEAT STROKE.
LEONOV'S CORE TEMPERATURE RISES
BY A POTENTIALLY DEADLY
3.2 DEGREES.
SWEAT POOLS IN HIS BOOTS,
FILLING HIS SUIT.
IF HE'S NOT ABLE TO DEPRESSURIZE
AND RE-ENTER THE HATCH,
END OF STORY.
THAT'S HOW
THE FIRST SPACEWALK ENDS...
WITH AN ASTRONAUT DEATH.
LEONOV'S RISK PAYS OFF.
HIS SUIT DEFLATES ENOUGH FOR
HIM TO FIT THROUGH THE AIR LOCK.
THE ORDEAL COSTS HIM
10% OF HIS BODY WEIGHT.
LOSING 13 POUNDS OF
YOUR BODY WEIGHT IN 12 MINUTES
WILL LEAVE YOU EXHAUSTED,
DISORIENTED,
AND BARELY ABLE TO FUNCTION.
TOGETHER WITH
COPILOT PAVEL BELYAYEV,
HE MUST NOW PREPARE
TO RETURN TO EARTH.
BUT THE VOSKHOD SPACECRAFT'S
AUTOMATIC GUIDANCE SYSTEM
IS MALFUNCTIONING.
THEY WILL HAVE TO
MANUALLY CONTROL THE CRAFT
DURING RE-ENTRY.
AND THERE IS ONLY ENOUGH FUEL
FOR ONE ATTEMPT.
THEY HAD TO
FIRE THEIR RETROTHRUSTERS
AT AN EXACT MOMENT.
YOU HAVE TO GET THIS RIGHT.
THERE WON'T BE
ANY SECOND CHANCES.
ACTIVATING THE RETROTHRUSTERS,
THEY MANAGE TO
PENETRATE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE.
THE COSMONAUTS'
PROBLEMS ARE NOT OVER YET.
DURING RE-ENTRY,
THE SPACECRAFT'S TWO HALVES
FAIL TO SEPARATE,
THROWING THEM INTO A WILD SPIN.
A COMMUNICATION CABLE
THAT SHOULD HAVE DETACHED
STILL LINKS THE ORBITAL
AND LANDING MODULES.
THEY ARE COMPLETELY OUT OF CONTROL,
HURTLING TOWARDS EARTH.
SO AS THEY'RE DESCENDING
THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE,
THEY FEEL THE G's
START TO BUILD.
THEY GET UP TO 8 TO 10 G's.
WITH JUST SECONDS TO SPARE,
THE CABLE BURNS THROUGH,
SEPARATING THE TWO CRAFT,
ALLOWING THE LANDING MODULE'S
CHUTES TO DEPLOY.
THEY TOUCH DOWN SAFELY.
BUT THEY LAND MORE THAN
1,000 MILES OFF COURSE
IN ARCTIC SIBERIA.
THE TEMPERATURE OUTSIDE IS 22
OF COURSE, HYPOTHERMIA
AND FREEZING TO DEATH
CAN OCCUR PRETTY RAPIDLY.
WEARING DAMP SPACE
SUITS, THE COSMONAUTS ENDURE
TWO WHOLE NIGHTS IN THE OPEN
BEFORE RESCUERS REACH THEM.
THE SOVIET REGIME SELLS THE
MISSION AS A COMPLETE SUCCESS,
SECURING THEIR POSITION
LEADING THE SPACE RACE.
NASA WAS AGAIN PLAYING CATCH-UP.
THE APPARENT RUSSIAN SUCCESS
MAKES NASA ACCELERATE
ITS SCHEDULE
FOR THE FIRST AMERICAN
TO WALK IN SPACE.
THE ORIGINAL PLAN CALLED FOR
ASTRONAUT ED WHITE
TO CARRY OUT A SAFETY RUN
IN JUNE,
TWO MONTHS LATER THAN
LEONOV'S FIRST SPACEWALK.
PRIOR TO LEONOV'S SPACEWALK,
NASA'S PLAN FOR GEMINI 4 WAS
TO HAVE ED WHITE OPEN THE HATCH,
STAND UP ON HIS SEAT,
LOOK OUTSIDE,
AND THEN SIT BACK DOWN
AND CLOSE THE HATCH.
TO CATCH UP
WITH THEIR SOVIET RIVALS,
NASA ABANDONS THE SAFETY RUN
AND CHANGES WHITE'S MISSION
TO A FULL SPACEWALK
MONTHS AHEAD OF SCHEDULE.
ON JUNE 3, 1965,
WHITE BECOMES THE FIRST
AMERICAN TO WALK IN SPACE.
HE SPENDS 23 MINUTES
OUTSIDE THE GEMINI 4 MODULE.
ED WHITE'S SPACEWALK
WAS A RESOUNDING SUCCESS
EVEN WITH THE RISK NASA TOOK
BY MOVING IT FORWARD.
ED WHITE DOES NOT HAVE TO
PAY THE SAME PRICE AS LEONOV
FOR HIS PLACE IN HISTORY.
ED WAS FLOATING AROUND,
THOROUGHLY ENJOYING IT.
IN FACT, JIM McDIVITT
HAD TO REALLY COERCE HIM
TO COME BACK
INTO THE SPACECRAFT.
COMING UP,
A NASA PROBE FOUR
BILLION MILES FROM EARTH
ENCOUNTERS
AN UNIDENTIFIED RADIO SIGNAL.
WHAT'S CAUSING THIS SOUND?
WHERE IS IT COMING FROM?
WE DIDN'T EXPECT ANYTHING
LIKE THIS.
AS THE ROSETTA PROBE APPROACHES
A COMET TUMBLING THROUGH SP
IT PICKS UP
A MYSTERIOUS RADIO SIGNAL.
WHAT'S CAUSING THIS SOUND?
WHERE IS IT COMING FROM?
DOES THIS MEAN ANYTHING?
THE COMET APPEARS TO BE SINGING.
MAYBE THIS IS IT. MAYBE THIS IS
THE COMMUNICATION
FROM SOME ALIEN WORLD.
THROUGHOUT HISTORY,
MANY HUMAN CULTURES
BELIEVED COMETS WERE A SIGN
OF IMPENDING DISASTER.
TODAY,
WE HAVE LANDED SPACECRAFT UPON THEM.
AND YET,
THEY ARE NO LESS MYSTERIOUS.
THE ROSETTA SPACECRAFT
NEARS THE END
OF ITS 10-YEAR,
4 BILLION-MILE JOURNEY.
ITS TARGET IS THE COMET
KNOWN AS 67P.
THIS IS THE FIRST REALLY
CLOSE-UP LOOK AT A COMET
IN HUMAN HISTORY.
EVEN TRAVELING
AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT,
THE FIRST IMAGES FROM ROSETTA
TAKE MORE THAN AN HOUR
TO REACH EARTH.
THE APPEARANCE OF A COMET
ASTONISHES SCIENTISTS.
IT'S LIKE A PEANUT, ALMOST.
IT'S GOT ROUGH TERRAIN.
IT'S GOT SMOOTH TERRAIN.
IT'S GOT ROCKY AREAS.
SCIENTISTS MONITORING THE
DATA FEED FROM THE PROBE
NOTICE IT'S PICKING UP
A RADIO SIGNAL.
WHAT WE START TO HEAR IS WE HEAR
THIS REALLY LOW-FREQUENCY SOUND.
THIS SOUND IS BELOW
THE FREQUENCIES
THAT WE CAN HEAR WITH OUR EARS.
TO MAKE TO SOUND
AUDIBLE TO THE HUMAN EAR,
EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY EXPERTS
BOOST THE RADIO FREQUENCY
BY A FACTOR OF 10,000.
AND WHEN WE DO HEAR IT,
IT'S A VERY UNUSUAL,
VERY STRANGE SOUND THAT IT'S MAKING.
COMET 67P, A TOTALLY
DEAD CHUNK OF ICE AND ROCK,
APPEARS TO BE SINGING.
THE COMET SONG
IS COMPLETELY NEW TO US.
WE DIDN'T EXPECT IT.
THE COMET SONG IS THE LATEST
OF MANY STRANGE SIGNALS
EXPLORATION MISSIONS
HAVE ENCOUNTERED
IN THE DEPTHS OF SPACE.
THIS IS NOT THE FIRST TIME THAT
SCIENTISTS HAVE ENCOUNTERED,
IF YOU WILL,
NOISE FROM THE COSMOS.
AFTER ALL,
JUPITER MAKES SOME NOISE.
DISTANT GALAXIES
MAKE SOME NOISE.
HOT GAS, COLD GAS,
THEY ALL MAKE NOISE.
THESE ARE ALL NATURAL PHENOMENA.
BUT THE RADIO SIGNALS
FROM UNINHABITED PLANETS,
LIKE JUPITER AND SATURN,
ARE RELATIVELY EASY TO EXPLAIN.
THESE PLANETS PRODUCE
VERY STRONG MAGNETIC FIELDS
THAT INTERACT WITH
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
TO PRODUCE RADIO WAVES.
THESE ARE THE SIGNALS
SCIENTISTS ARE PICKING UP.
COMET 67P SHOULD NOT BE CAPABLE
OF PRODUCING
THAT TYPE OF SIGNAL.
WE DON'T THINK THAT THE COMET
HAS A MAGNETIC FIELD.
IN FACT,
THE MEASUREMENTS TELL US
IT DOESN'T HAVE
A MAGNETIC FIELD.
AS SCIENTISTS
STRUGGLE TO EXPLAIN
HOW COMET 67P
IS CREATING THE EERIE SOUNDS,
THE INTERNET EXPLODES
WITH THEORIES.
CONSPIRACY THEORISTS
JUMP ON THAT RIGHT AWAY
BECAUSE THEY SAY, "LOOK.
THIS COULD BE AN ATTEMPT
BY EXTRATERRESTRIALS
TO COMMUNICATE WITH US."
THIS IDEA ISN'T REALLY
THAT CRAZY BECAUSE
WE HAVE SENT OUT COMMUNICATIONS
INTENDED FOR ALIENS.
WHEN THE PIONEER
AND VOYAGER SPACECRAFT
WERE SENT TO THE OUTER
SOLAR SYSTEM IN THE 1970s,
THEY PUT MESSAGES ON IT.
IN THE CASE OF THE VOYAGERS,
THEY SENT A RECORD.
THE MESSAGES WERE DESIGNED
TO GIVE A PICTURE OF
20th-CENTURY EARTH
AND ITS INHABITANTS
TO POSSIBLE
EXTRATERRESTRIAL CIVILIZATIONS
WHO MIGHT
INTERCEPT THE SPACECRAFT
MILLIONS OF YEARS FROM NOW.
THAT RECORD
HAD SELECTIONS OF MUSIC.
IT HAD PEOPLE SPEAKING
DIFFERENT LANGUAGES.
HELLO FROM THE
CHILDREN OF PLANET EARTH.
SO WHEN PEOPLE START TO HEAR
SOUNDS COMING FROM COMETS,
THEY GET VERY EXCITED THAT,
"MAYBE THIS IS IT.
MAYBE THIS IS THE COMMUNICATION
FROM SOME ALIEN WORLD."
ON SEPTEMBER 29th,
A LEAKED E-MAIL,
ALLEGEDLY FROM
THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY,
FUELS SPECULATION
THAT THE ROSETTA MISSION
MAY HAVE A SECRET AGENDA.
THERE'S SOME PEOPLE WHO THINK
THAT THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY
LANDED ON COMET 67P
FOR REASONS OTHER THAN
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH.
THE E-MAIL SAID,
"MAKE NO MISTAKE.
YOU DON'T SPEND
BILLIONS OF DOLLARS
TO CONSTRUCT A SPACECRAFT
TO GO ON A JOURNEY
JUST TO TAKE SOME PHOTOS
OF A RANDOMLY SELECTED COMET."
THE E-MAIL CONTAINED PHOTOS
SHOWING WHAT APPEARED TO BE
SOMETHING DEFINITELY ARTIFICIAL
WHERE NOTHING ARTIFICIAL
SHOULD BE.
WELL,
IF IT REALLY IS AN ALIEN CRAFT,
MAN, THAT'S A LITTLE MORE
INTERESTING THAN A COMET,
ISN'T IT?
THE ROSETTA PROBE
CONTINUES TO ORBIT THE COMET.
ON OCTOBER 20, 2014,
ITS OSIRIS CAMERA
OFFERS SCIENTISTS A NEW CLUE
ABOUT WHAT COULD BE
CAUSING THE SOUND.
COMET 67P IS VENTING
GAS AND DUST PARTICLES.
AND AS THEY ESCAPE,
SOMETHING'S HAPPENING.
SCIENTISTS SPECULATE
THE PARTICLES THE COMET EMITS
BECOME MAGNETIZED
BY SOLAR WINDS.
THE VIBRATIONS
OF THESE CHARGED PARTICLES
COULD POTENTIALLY PRODUCE
SOUND AS RADIO WAVES.
BUT WE CAN TRANSLATE
THAT RADIO SIGNAL INTO SOUND.
AND THAT'S WHAT IT
SOUNDS LIKE. IT'S SINGING.
THE THEORY FITS MOST
OF THE KNOWN FACTS AROUND 67P.
BUT MANY QUESTIONS ABOUT
THE COMET REMAIN UNANSWERED.
THEY'RE SO COMPLICATED
THAT WE'RE GONNA HAVE TO WAIT
A LONG TIME
BEFORE WE FULLY UNDERSTAND IT.
SO FOR NOW, IT'S REALLY NOT
KNOWN WHY COMETS SING SONGS.
COMING UP,
A CHINESE LUNAR PROBE COMES UNDER ATTACK.
THERE IS SOMETHING ON THE MOON
THAT IS REALLY LETHAL.
CHINA'S FIRST MOON ROVER
BREAKS DOWN WITH NO EXP
IT'S ALMOST LIKE SOMEONE
OR SOMETHING
IS SABOTAGING THE MISSIONS.
COULD A DESTRUCTIVE PHENOMENON
THAT PLAGUED THE APOLLO
MISSIONS BE RESPONSIBLE?
THERE IS SOMETHING ON THE
MOON THAT IS REALLY LETHAL.
AND WE NEED TO
BE CONCERNED ABOUT IT.
TODAY, SPACE EXPLORATION I
THIRTEEN COUNTRIES
HAVE AN ACTIVE SPACE PROGRAM.
EVERY NATION
MUST LEARN FOR ITSELF
TO HANDLE THE DANGERS
THAT WAIT IN THE DARKNESS.
CHINA JOINS THE MAJOR PLAYERS
IN SPACE EXPLORATION
WHEN ITS LUNAR ROVER,
JADE RABBIT,
TOUCHES DOWN
IN AN AREA OF THE MOON
KNOWN AS THE BAY OF RAINBOWS.
A SPACE PROGRAM
IS A REAL BADGE OF HONOR
TO SHOW THAT YOU CAN
PLAY IN THOSE BIG LEAGUES.
THIS IS THE FIRST TIME
SINCE 1976
THAT ANY NATION HAS LANDED
ANYTHING ON THE MOON.
THE ROVER STARTED WORKING,
AND EVERYTHING SEEMED TO BE
GOING FINE.
BUT THEN, ALL OF A SUDDEN,
IT JUST STOPPED.
NOTHING'S WORKING. DEAD.
THE CHINESE
SPACE ADMINISTRATION'S
CRYPTIC EXPLANATION
DESCRIBES THE PROBLEM AS A
MECHANICAL CONTROL ABNORMALITY.
IT'S REALLY VERY HARD
TO READ INTO
THE CHINESE ANNOUNCEMENTS
OF THEIR PROBLEMS
LIKE THE MECHANICAL CONTROL
ANOMALY.
THEIR INSIGHT INTO WHAT
REALLY HAPPENED IS INCOMPLETE.
CHINESE NEWS REPORTS HINT
THAT THE ROVER
WAS DELIBERATELY IMPAIRED.
THE STATE MEDIA SUGGESTS
THAT THIS COULD BE DUE TO
UFOs SABOTAGING
THE JADE RABBIT ROVER.
THEN, ALL HELL BREAKS LOOSE.
CONSPIRACY THEORISTS
USE FOOTAGE FROM THE ISS
AS EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT
THE UFO THEORY.
ENTHUSIASTS ARE LOOKING AT
THE LIVE FEED
FROM THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION
WHEN THEY SEE
A STRANGE, ARTIFICIAL OBJECT.
IT IS A MASSIVE COINCIDENCE
THAT YOU HAVE THE FIRST CHINESE
MISSION ON THE MOON GOING
AND THIS UFO FLYING TOWARDS IT.
BUT NASA IDENTIFIES
THE MYSTERIOUS OBJECT
AS THE CYGNUS
AUTOMATED SPACECRAFT
DELIVERING SUPPLIES TO THE ISS.
THE CHINESE SPACE AGENCY
RULES OUT
EXTRATERRESTRIAL INVOLVEMENT.
THEIR SCIENTISTS
CONSIDER THE POSSIBILITY
THE ROVER WAS HIT BY METEOR.
THE MOON HAS HAD
THIS VIOLENT HISTORY.
AND IT HAS THE SCARS
TO PROVE IT.
EVERY YEAR, THE MOON IS HIT AT
THAT'S WHY
IT'S COVERED IN CRATERS.
WHEN NASA's
LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER
FLIES DIRECTLY OVER
THE STRICKEN ROVER,
INVESTIGATORS GET
THEIR FIRST OPPORTUNITY
TO INSPECT THE VEHICLE.
IT MANAGES TO CAPTURE
A BIRD'S-EYE VIEW
OF THE WHOLE AREA,
FROM THE INITIAL LANDING SPOT
TO THE BROKEN ROVER'S
FINAL RESTING PLACE.
JADE RABBIT IS INTACT.
AND THERE'S NO EVIDENCE OF
ANY FRESH METEOR STRIKES NEARBY.
WHATEVER SNARED THIS RABBIT,
IT WASN'T A METEOR.
THE CHINESE
INVESTIGATION DRAWS A BLANK.
BUT NASA ENGINEERS SUGGEST
THAT JADE RABBIT
MAY HAVE BEEN ATTACKED
BY A MYSTERIOUS GRAY SUBSTANCE
THAT PLAGUED
PREVIOUS MOON MISSIONS.
THIS MATERIAL IS HAZARDOUS TO EQUIPMENT,
HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH,
HAZARDOUS TO THE ENTIRE MISSION.
WE DID EXPERIMENTS WHERE
WE BLEW IT AT KEVLAR,
AND IT CUT RIGHT THROUGH IT.
DURING THE APOLLO 15 MISSION,
ASTRONAUTS WHO'D BEEN
ON THE LUNAR SURFACE
INADVERTENTLY BROUGHT
THE DANGEROUS GRAY SUBSTANCE
BACK INTO THE SPACECRAFT
WITH THEM.
MY EXPERIENCE ON APOLLO 15 WAS
THAT DAVE SCOTT AND JIM IRWIN,
WHEN THEY CAME BACK
TO THE COMMAND MODULE,
THEIR SUITS WERE ACTUALLY GRAY.
THEIR SPACE SUITS
WERE STARTING TO LEAK,
THE JOINTS ON THE SUITS
ON SOME OF THE ELBOWS
AND THE SHOULDERS AND
THE WRIST JOINTS WERE JAMMING
IN THE SUITS THAT THEY
DEPENDED ON FOR THEIR VERY LIVES.
WE HAD TO CLEAN OFF THOSE SUITS.
WE VACUUMED THEM
AS BEST BE COULD,
COULDN'T GET IT ALL OFF.
IT WAS JUST STUCK
AND WOULD NOT LET GO.
Uh, light-gray material
on either side.
Oh, man. That's incredible.
A YEAR LATER, ON APOLLO 17,
THE STRANGE SUBSTANCE EATS
THROUGH THREE LAYERS OF KEVLAR
IN ASTRONAUT HARRISON
SCHMITT'S BOOT.
ANYTHING THAT CAN BE ROUGH
ENOUGH TO SCRATCH THROUGH KEVLAR
IS SOMETHING THAT'S
VERY HAZARDOUS.
AFTER EXAMINING ALL THE
EVIDENCE COLLECTED BY NASA,
SPACE EXPERTS IDENTIFIED
THE DESTRUCTIVE MATERIAL.
IT TURNS OUT THIS IS MOON DUST.
LUNAR DUST MAY LOOK LIKE
A LITTLE, HARMLESS POWDER.
BUT WHEN YOU LOOK AT IT
THROUGH A MICROSCOPE,
YOU CAN SEE
THIS IS NO ORDINARY DUST.
IT'S ALL TO DO WITH THE
SHAPE OF THE PARTICLES.
CLOSE EXAMINATION
REVEALS THAT MOON DUST
IS VERY DIFFERENT
FROM DUST ON EARTH.
IT'S BEEN THROUGH A COMPLETELY
LUNAR DUST IS WEATHERED BY
MICROMETEOROID IMPACTS.
AND THESE WILL CREATE
SPLATTERS OF GLASS
THAT WILL SOLIDIFY
AND HARDEN DUST
INTO THESE CRAZY,
ODD, SHARP SHAPES.
SO THEY'RE LIKE
SHARP, LITTLE KNIFE BLADES.
THE JAGGED LUNAR DUST HAS
ANOTHER DISTURBING PROPERTY
THAT THREATENS ASTRONAUTS.
IT'S ELECTROSTATICALLY CHARGED
BECAUSE OF
THE IONIZING RADIATION
THAT STRIKES THE MOON
CONTINUOUSLY.
SO LUNAR DUST
HAS THIS CLING-Y FEATURE.
THE SAME WAY THAT YOUR CLOTHES
MIGHT STICK TO YOU
WHEN THEY COME OUT OF THE DRYER,
THE DUST WILL STICK TO YOU
BECAUSE OF ELECTROSTATIC CHARGE.
TINY KNIVES OF MOON ROCK
WHICH CLING TO ANYTHING
THAT COMES NEAR
ARE POTENTIALLY DEVASTATING
TO MAN OR MACHINE.
LUNAR DUST
IS EXTREMELY ABRASIVE.
AND WHEN IT GETS INTO ROTATING
MECHANISMS, ROTATING JOINTS,
IT BEGINS TO CREATE FRICTION.
AND EVENTUALLY,
IT'LL BIND UP THE JOINTS
SO THAT THE MACHINE
CANNOT MOVE ANYMORE.
THE DUST IS SO SMALL,
IF YOU BREATHED IT IN,
IT WOULD ACTUALLY GO DIRECTLY
INTO THE BLOODSTREAM.
THAT'S WHAT MAKES IT
SO DANGEROUS.
IT'S THESE UNIQUE,
DESTRUCTIVE QUALITIES
THAT MAKE SOME EXPERTS BELIEVE
THAT MOON DUST
CAUSED
THE JADE RABBIT'S BREAKDOWN.
AS FOR NOW,
WE STILL DON'T KNOW WHY IT FAILED.
BUT CERTAINLY,
THE LEADING INDICATOR
IS THAT THE MOON DUST ATE IT.
JADE RABBIT LIES
FROZEN IN THE BAY OF RAINBOWS.
UNTIL SCIENTISTS CAN FIND A
WAY TO COMBAT THE DEADLY DUST,
IT WILL REMAIN A LETHAL HAZARD
FOR ANY MOON TRAVELER.
WE BELIEVE THAT THE LUNAR DUST
IS THE NUMBER-ONE CHALLENGE
IN RETURNING TO THE MOON.
UP NEXT,
NASA TRIES TO PREVENT PANIC FROM SPREADING
AFTER REPORTS THAT A KILLER
ASTEROID IS ABOUT TO HIT EARTH.
CHUCKS OF EARTH
WILL BE BLOWN UP INTO THE SKY
ONLY TO FALL BACK
AS SECONDARY IMPACTS.
TERROR GRIPS
THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES...
PEOPLE ARE SAYING THAT THERE'S
A 2 1/2-MILE-WIDE ASTEROID
HEADING FOR THE EARTH.
WHILE NASA DENIES
THE OBJECT IS A THREAT,
THE U.S. MILITARY MOBILIZES
ON AN UNPRECEDENTED SCALE.
ALL THE MOST ELITE
MILITARY GROUPS IN THE U.S.
ARE PREPARING FOR SOMETHING.
THEY'RE ALL GETTING READY
FOR SOMETHING BIG.
NEWS REPORTS OF
AN ASTEROID ABOUT TO HIT EARTH
CAUSE WIDESPREAD ALARM.
IT TAKES ONLY ONE
TO DESTROY AN ENTIRE CITY
AND POTENTIALLY KILL MILLIONS.
IF A 2.5-MILE-WIDE ASTEROID
STRUCK EARTH,
IT WOULD RUIN OUR WHOLE DAY.
CHUNKS OF EARTH WOULD BE
BLOWN UP INTO THE SKY
ONLY TO FALL BACK
AS SECONDARY IMPACTS.
THE SHOCK WAVE
WOULD BLOSSOM OUT,
DEVASTATING BUILDINGS, TOWNS,
AND ANYTHING
THAT GOT IN ITS PATH.
TO PREVENT PANIC,
NASA ISSUES A STATEMENT.
NASA ISSUES AN ABSOLUTELY
CATEGORICAL DENIAL
THAT THERE'S ANY ASTEROID
HEADING FOR THE EARTH.
BUT LEAKED INFORMATION ABOUT
FUELS FEARS THAT THE GOVERNMENT
MAY NOT BE REVEALING
THE WHOLE TRUTH.
THE MOST ELITE MILITARY UNITS
IN THE U.S. ARE MOBILIZING...
THE U.S. SEALS,
THE MARINE CORPS.
IT'S LIKE THEY'RE GETTING
READY FOR SOMETHING.
THE OPERATION IS CALLED
JADE HELM.
THE STATED PURPOSE IS
TO MASTER THE HUMAN DOMAIN.
THAT COULD MEAN ANYTHING.
THE DATE AND TIME OF
THE PREDICTED ASTEROID IMPACT
PASSES WITHOUT INCIDENT.
THIS TIME, THERE IS NO CRISIS
FOR THE SOLDIERS OF OPERATION
JADE HELM TO CONFRONT.
BUT THE THREAT OF AN ASTEROID
ARMAGEDDON IS ALL TOO REAL.
IT'S NOT A QUESTION OF IF WE'RE
GONNA GET A BIG METEOR IMPACT.
THE ONLY QUESTION IS, WHEN?
OCCASIONALLY,
WE GET HIT BY SOMETHING LARGE,
SUCH AS HAPPENED IN RUSSIA
NOT TOO LONG IN CHELYABINSK.
AND THAT HAD AN EQUIVALENT
ENERGY OF ABOUT 1/2 A MEGATON,
WHICH IS THE SIZE OF
A SIGNIFICANT STRATEGIC
THERMONUCLEAR WEAPON.
THERE ARE THOUSANDS OF OBJECTS
LARGER THAN
THE CHELYABINSK METEOR
IN POTENTIALLY DEADLY
NEAR-EARTH ORBITS.
WHAT ARE WE GONNA DO
IF A LARGE ASTEROID IS HEA
WELL, RIGHT NOW,
WE CAN'T DO ANYTHING.
WE DON'T HAVE A MITIGATION
STRATEGY IN PLACE.
AS CHARLES BOLDEN,
THE NASA CHIEF SAID,
THE BEST DEFENSE WE HAVE
AGAINST A LARGE ASTEROID IMPACT
IS CURRENTLY PRAYER.
NASA ADMITS IT'S POWERLESS
AND MOST EXISTING IDEAS FOR
ANTI-ASTEROID DEFENSE MEASURES
ARE PURE SCIENCE-FICTION.
IN THE MOVIE "ARMAGEDDON,"
THEY TAKE A NUKE TO AN A
DRILL DOWN SO THEY CAN BURY IT
BEFORE DETONATING IT.
THAT MIGHT WORK, BUT
IT'S A HARD THING TO PULL OFF,
EVEN IF YOU'RE BRUCE WILLIS.
THE OTHER BIG, KILLER ASTEROID
MOVIE IS "DEEP IMPACT."
IN THAT MOVIE, THE PLAN IS TO
ATTACH THRUSTERS TO THE ASTEROID
AND KICK IT OFF ITS COLLISION
COURSE WITH THE EARTH.
BUT THAT'S EVEN HARDER
TO PULL OFF.
IT DIDN'T EVEN WORK
IN THE MOVIE.
FORTUNATELY FOR THE CONTINUED
SCIENTISTS ARE WORKING ON
MORE PRACTICAL IDEAS
FOR HOW TO STOP
A KILLER ASTEROID.
SO WHAT DO YOU DO WHEN NUKES
AND ROCKET THRUSTERS WON'T WORK?
WELL, YOU CAN
PAINT THE ASTEROID WHITE.
CHANGING THE COLOR OF AN
ASTEROID COULD CHANGE ITS O
BY TAKING ADVANTAGE OF A
LITTLE-KNOWN PHENOMENON CALLED
THE YARKOVSKY EFFECT.
AS AN OBJECT
IS TRAVELING THROUGH SPACE,
IT ABSORBS RADIATION.
IT ABSORBS HEAT FROM THE SUN.
AS THE ASTEROID
SPINS IN THE SUN,
ONE SIDE OF IT GETS HOTTER
THAN THE OTHER.
AND THAT SIDE EMITS
MORE HEAT ENERGY
IN THE FORM OF THESE
LITTLE PARTICLES OF LIGHT
THAT WE CALL PHOTONS.
AND EACH PHOTON
GIVES A LITTLE KICK.
THAT KICK
EITHER SPEEDS THE ASTEROID UP
OR SLOWS IT DOWN,
DEPENDING UPON
WHICH WAY IT'S SPINNING.
PAINTING AN ASTEROID WHITE
WOULD MAKE IT ABSORB LESS HEAT
AND ALTER ITS COURSE.
AND THAT WOULD RESULT
IN A CHANGE
IN THIS IMBALANCE OF HEATING,
MODIFY THE YARKOVSKY EFFECT
AND THUS REDIRECT THE ORBIT.
THE PLAN HAS ONE MAJOR FLAW...
IT COULD TAKE MORE THAN A DECADE
TO ALTER THE COURSE
OF A KILLER ASTEROID.
HUMANITY'S BEST HOPE COULD BE
THE WORK OF ONE SCIENTIST
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF
CALIFORNIA IN SANTA BARBARA.
DR. PHIL LUBIN HAS DEVISED
A LASER CANNON,
CODE NAMED PROJECT D.E.-STAR.
THE LASERS ARE FOCUSED
ONTO THE TARGET.
THE TARGET BEGINS TO HEAT.
THE HEATED TARGET EMITS
MOLECULES FROM THE SURFACE.
THAT MASS WHICH IS EJECTED
PUSHES THE ASTEROID
IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION.
AND THAT DEFLECTS OR CHANGES
THE ORBIT OF THE ASTEROID,
CAUSING IT,
HOPEFULLY, TO MISS THE EARTH.
IF WE CAN GET THE LASER CANNON
WE COULD DEFLECT
THE DANGEROUS ASTEROIDS FAST.
SO, ASTEROIDS THE SIZE
OF A HOUSE ARE A THREAT.
AND A D.E.-STAR MISSION WOULD
NOT TAKE VERY LONG AT ALL
TO DEAL WITH THAT.
IT COULD BE DONE IN WEEKS
OR LESS.
THE BAD NEWS FOR HUMANITY
IS THAT NONE OF THESE
ANTI-ASTEROID DEFENSE MEASURES
WILL BE READY
FOR AT LEAST A DECADE.
WE CAN ONLY HOPE
WE DON'T NEED THEM ANY SOONER.
WE RECKON THAT WE'VE IDENTIFIED
AT LEAST 95%
OF THE REALLY BIG ASTEROIDS,
THE ONES THAT COULD WIPE OUT
OR CHANGE LIFE AS WE KNOW IT.
BUT THERE'S STILL THAT 5%.
STILL TO COME,
FOOTAGE FROM THE ISS
FUELS SPECULATION ABOUT
SECRET NASA CRAFT
OPERATING IN EARTH ORBIT.
WE SEE THIS UNUSUAL OBJECT
NEXT TO ISS FOR A FEW MINUTES.
AND THEN THE VIDEO FEED
CUTS OUT.
WHAT'S GOING ON?
A MYSTERIOUS OBJECT APPEARS
ON THE CAMERAS OF THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
WHATEVER THIS OBJECT IS,
IT DOESN'T APPEAR TO BE ANYTHING
THAT'S DOCKED WITH ISS BEFORE.
MOMENTS AFTER
THE OPTIC MATERIALIZES,
THE LIVE VIDEO FEED GOES DOWN.
WHAT'S GOING ON?
IS THERE SOMETHING NASA
DOESN'T WANT US TO SEE?
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION ORBITS 22
THE CAMERAS OF ITS LIVE VIDEO
FEED OPERATE 24 HOURS A DAY.
AMATEUR OBSERVERS ARE LOOKING AT
THE LIVE FEED FROM THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
WHEN THEY SEE A STRANGE YELLOW
ELLIPTICAL-SHAPED OBJECT.
PEOPLE WATCHING
THE FOOTAGE ON EARTH
NOTICE THE OBJECT SEEMS TO
HOLD THE SAME POSITION
RELATIVE TO THE SPACE STATION
FOR SEVERAL MINUTES.
JUST MINUTES AFTER IT APPEARS
IN THE LIVE FEED FROM THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION,
THE CAMERA CUTS OUT.
SO THE QUESTION BECOMES,
IS THIS A COINCIDENCE?
OR IS IT SOMETHING THAT NASA
DOESN'T WANT YOU TO SEE?
WHENEVER WE SEE SOMETHING
UNIDENTIFIED NEXT TO ISS,
WE HAVE TO ASSUME
IT'S POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS.
WHEN THE FOOTAGE
GOES VIRAL ON THE INTERNET,
MANY COMMENTERS CLAIM
THE OBJECT IS NOTHING MORE
THAN A PIECE OF ORBITAL DEBRIS.
SOME PEOPLE SURMISE THIS COULD
A PRETTY BIG PIECE
OF SPACE JUNK.
AND THAT WOULD BE
A LITTLE BIT WORRYING
TO BE SO CLOSE TO THE ISS.
A PIECE OF DEBRIS
OF THIS APPARENT SIZE
WOULD BE A DEADLY THREAT
TO THE ISS.
BUT THE MYSTERIOUS
YELLOWISH OBJECT
DOESN'T BEHAVE LIKE SPACE JUNK.
IT'S NOT
JUST A PIECE OF SPACE JUNK
BECAUSE THESE PIECES OF DEBRIS
ARE ORBITING THE EARTH
AT 17,500 MILES AN HOUR.
THEY'RE NOT GONNA
COME UP TO THE STATION
AND JUST SIT NEXT TO IT
NICELY LIKE THAT.
EXPERTS CONSIDER THE POSSIBILITY
THE OBJECT COULD BE PART OF
THE EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE
OF THE ISS.
NOW, THIS THING WASN'T ON THE
SCHEMATICS OF THE SPACE STATION.
THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN
AN OBVIOUS THING TO CHECK.
SO IT'S SOMETHING ELSE.
THIS APPEARS TO BE ATTACHED TO
THE RUSSIAN SOYUZ SITE
AND DOESN'T APPEAR TO BE ANY
OF THOSE OTHER KINDS OF MODULES.
THE SOYUZ SPACECRAFT
IS THE MAIN FORM OF TRANSPORT
FOR ASTRONAUTS TRAVELING
TO AND FROM THE ISS.
SO THIS THING WAS RIGHT NEAR
THE DOCKING PORT
OF THE RUSSIAN SOYUZ MODULE.
I MEAN,
WAS IT TRYING TO COME ABOARD?
DID IT HAVE PERMISSION
TO COME ABOARD?
COULD THIS
MYSTERIOUS YELLOW OBJECT
BE AN UNIDENTIFIED
DOCKED SPACECRAFT?
THE SHAPE OF THE
OBJECT IS UNUSUAL.
IT DOES APPEAR
TO HAVE SOME POINT TO IT,
WHICH COULD INDICATE
THAT IT INTENDS
SOME SORT OF
ATMOSPHERIC PENETRATION.
THE OBJECT'S AERODYNAMIC, ST
LEAD SOME OBSERVERS TO
THEORIZE THIS COULD REPRESENT
A NEW, TOP-SECRET
PROTOTYPE SPACECRAFT.
NASA AND OTHER SPACE AGENCIES
HAVE BEEN TRYING FOR YEARS
TO DEVELOP SOMETHING
THAT WOULD BE VERY IMPORTANT
FOR SPACE TRAVEL,
AND THAT'S REUSABLE VEHICLES.
THE CURVES ARE SIMILAR TO A REUSABLE,
HYPERSONIC SPACECRAFT
THAT COULD MAKE
ATMOSPHERIC FLIGHTS.
NASA HAS TWO KNOWN CRAFT
BEARING A SUPER
TO THE MYSTERY OBJECT,
HYPERSONIC TEST VEHICLES
CALLED THE X51 AND THE X43.
THEY HAVE SET WORLD
SPEED RECORDS FOR AIRPLANES,
ALTHOUGH THEY'RE UNMANNED,
OF MACH 5, 6, AND MACH 7.
THAT'S CALLED HYPERSONIC.
BUT NEITHER
OF THE KNOWN NASA CRAFT
ARE DESIGNED FOR SPACE MISSIONS.
THERE HAVE BEEN SOME
WHO SPECULATED
THAT THIS OBJECT WAS THE NEXT
ITERATION OF THE X51 OR THE X43.
I DON'T BELIEVE SO.
THE X43 AND THE 51 WERE BOTH
WHAT ARE CALLED AIR BREATHERS.
AND THAT MEANS THEY HAD TO
HAVE ATMOSPHERE IN ORDER TO FLY.
NASA DOES HAVE ANOTHER
ENGINE SYSTEM IN DEVELOPMENT
THAT COULD GET A CRAFT
OUT OF THE ATMOSPHERE
AND FLYING THROUGH SPACE.
THE MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC DRIVE
CONVERTS THE ENERGY OF A
CRAFT'S MOVEMENT INTO ELECTRICITY.
THEN, IT USES THE ELECTRICITY
TO VAPORIZE GAS OR LIQUID,
TURNING IT INTO A PROPELLANT.
THE DESIGN HAS NO MOVING PARTS
AND HAS ALREADY PROVEN TO WORK.
ONCE YOU GET
OUT OF THE ATMOSPHERE
AT 17,000 MILES AN HOUR,
YOU CAN JUST KEEP GOING.
SO ALL YOU NEED TO DO IS
STOCK UP WITH FUEL AND AIR,
AND YOU CAN GO
AS FAR AS YOU WANT.
WHOEVER DEVELOPS THIS
TECHNOLOGY FIRST HAS A MASSIVE EDGE.
THEY WILL MAKE SPACE
THEIR OWN BACKYARD,
AND EVERYONE ELSE WILL
BE STUCK PLAYING CATCH-UP.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMAGE
APPEARS NOT TO SUPPORT THE IDEA
THE OBJECT IS AN ADVANCED
PROTOTYPE SPACECRAFT.
THIS BRIGHT OBJECT HERE
COULD ACTUALLY BE A LENS
REFLECTION OF THE SOLAR PANELS,
WHICH ARE BRIGHTLY LIT
ON THIS SOYUZ SPACECRAFT.
OR IT COULD BE
AN INTERNAL REFLECTION
OFF OF INSTRUMENTATION
IN THE WINDOW THROUGH WHICH
THIS VIDEO WAS TAKEN.
BUT THE SIMPLE EXPLANATIONS
IT WASN'T LIKE
A PIECE OF LINT ON THE LENS
OR SOME OPTICAL ILLUSION
OF SOME SORT
BECAUSE THE EARTH MOVED
BENEATH IT.
THE LIGHT CAME AND WENT.
SHADOWS CAME AND WENT.
AND IT SEEMED TO HAVE
AN ACTUAL PRESENCE.
SO THAT'S MYSTERIOUS.
COMING UP, PANIC SPREADS
AS SCIENTISTS DISCOVER LIVING
ORGANISMS FALLING FROM THE SKY
IN A MYSTERIOUS BLOOD-RED RAIN.
WE PUT THEM
UNDER THE MICROSCOPE,
AND WE SEE THEY ARE BIOLOGICAL.
I DON'T KNOW WHAT THEY ARE.
I CAN'T TELL YOU.
A STORM OF BLOOD-RED WATER
FALLS FROM THE SKIES
OF SOUTHERN INDIA.
IT LOOKS LIKE
A RED RAIN OF BLOOD,
LIKE SOMETHING OUT OF
A BIBLICAL PLAGUE.
ANALYSIS OF THE STRANGE FLUID
SEEMS TO SHOW THE PRESENCE OF
SOMETHING LIVING WITHIN IT.
SEEMS LIKE, THE MORE WE LEARN
ABOUT THIS ORGANISM,
THE LESS WE KNOW.
SHOWERS OF BIZARRE RED RAIN
SHOCKED THE PEOPLE OF KERALA
IN SOUTHERN INDIA.
LOTS OF VILLAGERS COLLECTED
BUCKETS AND BOTTLES
FULL OF WATER
THAT WAS, IN SOME CASES,
ALMOST BLOOD RED.
WHEN THE BLOOD RAIN
KEEPS FALLING FOR TWO MONTHS,
FEAR SPREADS
AMONG THE PROVINCE'S
30 MILLION INHABITANTS.
IT WASN'T A SIMPLE EVENT THAT
HAPPENED IN ONE TINY PLACE.
IT WAS OVER A WIDESPREAD REGION.
AND THE AMOUNT OF
WATER INVOLVED WAS HUGE.
IF SOMETHING LIKE THIS IS
GONNA HAPPEN IN YOUR HOMETOWN,
YOU'RE GONNA WANT TO KNOW
WHAT'S GOING ON.
TWO INDIAN SCIENTISTS DECIDE
THE TWO SCIENTISTS
WHO INVESTIGATE THIS
GO OUT TO COLLECT SAMPLES TO
FIND OUT WHY THE RAIN IS RED.
DR. GODFREY LOUIS
AND DR. SANTHOSH KUMAR
GATHER SAMPLES
OF THE MYSTERIOUS RAIN
AND SPEAK TO WITNESSES ABOUT
THE EVENTS LEADING UP
TO THE RAINFALL.
SCIENTISTS ASKED LOCAL PEOPLE
AND DISCOVERED
THERE WAS A LOUD BOOM
JUST BEFORE THE RED RAIN
STARTED TO FALL.
AN OFFICIAL REPORT SUGGESTS
THE LOUD BANG
COULD HAVE BEEN A SONIC BOOM
CAUSED BY A METEOR EXPLODING
AS IT HIT EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE.
A DISINTEGRATING METEOR
COULD EXPLAIN THE RED RAIN.
IF THE METEOR EXPLODED,
DUST COULD HAVE REMAINED
IN THE ATMOSPHERE.
AND THAT COULD HAVE AFFECTED
THE COLOR OF THE NEXT RAIN
WHEN IT STARTED TO FALL.
IT'S A PLAUSIBLE THEORY.
EARTH IS BOMBARDED BY
UP TO 78,000 TONS OF
METEORITES EVERY YEAR.
BUT THERE'S A PROBLEM
WITH THIS IDEA.
THE RAIN ALSO OCCURRED
MONTHS LATER,
SIGNIFICANT TIME PERIOD LATER.
HARD TO UNDERSTAND
HOW THERE COULD BE
THE DEBRIS OF THE SAME
METEORITE COMING BACK AGAIN.
IT JUST DOESN'T
MAKE ANY ASTRONOMICAL SENSE
OR METEOROLOGICAL SENSE.
LOUIS AND KUMAR EXAMINE
UNDER A MICROSCOPE.
WHEN THEY EXAMINED THE MATERIAL,
THEY FOUND THESE LITTLE, TINY,
ROUND RED PARTICLES
ON THE INSIDE OF THE LIQUID.
VISUALLY, THE PARTICLES
RESEMBLE HUMAN BL
BUT THEY DON'T BEHAVE
LIKE BLOOD CELLS.
WHATEVER THESE THINGS ARE,
INVESTIGATORS SEE THEM
REPRODUCING UNDER A MICROSCOPE.
REPRODUCTION
GGESTS THE STRANGE PARTICLES
COULD BE ALIVE.
THEY SEND SAMPLES
OF THE RED RAIN
TO MICROBIOLOGISTS IN THE U.K.
FOR FURTHER ANALYSIS.
WE PUT THEM ON
THE ELECTROMICROSCOPE.
WE LOOK AT THEM AT
FAR HIGHER MAGNIFICATION.
AND WE SEE MORE COMPLEXITY.
WE CAN SEE MORE DETAIL.
I WAS CONVINCED
THEY WERE BIOLOGICAL ENTITIES.
THE SCIENTISTS CONDUCT
A SERIES OF TESTS
TO CHECK IF THERE REALLY IS
SOMETHING LIVING
IN THE RED RAIN.
SO THE NEXT STAGE IS TO SEE IF
THEY'VE GOT DNA IN THEM
BECAUSE, OF COURSE, DNA IS
USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH LIFE.
WE CAN DO THAT VERY SIMPLY
BY USING A STAIN
WHICH REACTS WITH THE DNA
AND LIGHTS UP, ESSENTIALLY,
UNDER THE MICROSCOPE.
AND WE DO THIS, AND WE FIND DNA.
THEY ARE UNABLE
TO IDENTIFY THE DNA.
BUT ITS PRESENCE IN THE
RED RAIN IS UNDENIABLE.
THE EARTH'S SURFACE
IS TEEMING WITH LIFE.
AND DURING VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS,
THAT DUST CAN BE PUT
HIGH IN THE ATMOSPHERE.
AND SO MOST OF THE DUST
THAT FALLS FROM THE SKY
IS LIKELY TO CONTAIN
MICROORGANISMS.
THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT'S
OFFICIAL REPORT ON THE
STATES THAT THE RED RAIN
WAS CAUSED BY ALGAE.
THE MICROORGANISMS TURNED OUT
TO BE A LICHEN-FORMING ALGAE.
AND THESE JUST HAPPEN TO BE
VERY COMMON
IN THE AREA
WHERE THE RED RAIN FELL.
BUT FURTHER
EXPERIMENTS BY LOUIS AND KUMAR
DO NOT SUPPORT
THE GOVERNMENT'S ASSERTION
THAT THE ORGANISMS IN THE RAIN
ARE ALGAE.
THEY EXPOSED THE
SAMPLES TO HEAT, TO RADIATION,
TO EXTREME PRESSURE,
TO A WHOLE HOST OF DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS,
AND THE SAMPLES REMAIN
UNAFFECTED.
THERE ARE FEW KNOWN
EARTH LIFE-FORMS
WHOSE CELLS COULD SURVIVE
SUCH HARSH TESTS.
THE EVIDENCE LEADS LOUIS AND
KUMAR TO MAKE A STARTLING CLAIM.
THESE SCIENTISTS SAY
THAT THE MICROBES
COME FROM OUTER SPACE
AND HAVE BEEN DELIVERED
TO EARTH BY A METEORITE.
IT'S A POSSIBILITY THAT NASA
HAS BEEN INVEST
FROM EXPOSING ORGANISMS
IN THE LONG-DURATION EXPOSURE
FACILITY PUT UP BY SHUTTLE
AND IN EXPERIMENTS PUT UP
BY THE U.S. AND EUROPE
ON THE SPACE STATION,
ORGANISMS PUT IN SPACE
BUT SHIELDED FROM SUNLIGHT
CAN'T SURVIVE
LONG PERIODS OF TIME.
NASA'S ALSO FOUND THE
COMPONENTS OF LIFE O
WE KNOW,
FROM STUDIES OF METEORITES
THAT HAVE LANDED ON EARTH
AND NOW FROM STUDIES OF COMETS
IN SITU, IN SPACE,
THE BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS
OF LIFE ARE COMMON.
THEY'RE BEING MADE NATURALLY
BY THE UNIVERSE.
THE INDIAN
GOVERNMENT'S ALGAE EXPLANATION
FOR THE BLOOD RAIN
IS STILL DISPUTED.
KEY QUESTIONS REMAIN UNANSWERED.
FOR THE MOMENT, NO ONE'S BEEN
ABLE TO SEQUENCE THIS ORGANISM,
THAT IS, FIND OUT EXACTLY WHAT
IT IS BASED ON ITS DNA CONTENT.
FROM MY POINT OF VIEW,
THE RED RAINS OF KERALA
ARE STILL A PHENOMENA
THAT NEEDS TO BE STUDIED.
AND THEY REMAIN A MYSTERY.
HALF A CENTURY
AFTER THE FIRST HUMAN STEPPED
OUT INTO THE VACUUM OF SPACE,
THE ALIEN ENVIRONMENT REMAINS A
STERN TEST FOR MAN AND MACHINE.
THE THREATS FACED BY
THE PIONEERS OF SPACE TRAVEL
ARE STILL OUT THERE.
AND EVEN OUR OWN WORLD
REMAINS UNDER THREAT.
AS EXPLORATION MISSIONS
PUSH FARTHER INTO
THE DEPTHS OF SPACE,
WE WILL ENCOUNTER THINGS
THAT ARE EVEN HARDER TO EXPLAIN.
Subtitles Diego Moraes
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