Blue Planet II (2017–2018): Season 1, Episode 4 - Big Blue - full transcript

The world's greatest wilderness,

the open ocean.

It covers over half
the surface of our planet.

Here, there is nowhere to hide

and little to eat.

It's the marine
equivalent of a desert.

And patrolling this desert,
spinner dolphins.

They stick together.

In a super pod, 5,000-strong.

That maximises their chances
of finding something to eat.

Like all who live here,



they must go to extraordinary lengths

to make their home in the big blue.

There are rare moments

when these empty seas
can explode with life.

Lanternfish off the Pacific Coast
of Costa Rica.

They're scarcely bigger than minnows.

But what they lack in size,

they make up for in numbers.

They are one of the most
numerous fish anywhere.

Normally they only come
to the surface at night

to feed on plankton.

But this immense shoal
has risen during the day,

almost certainly in order to spawn.

For the dolphins,
this would be a bonanza.



They have located the shoal
using their echo-sounding calls.

But they
have to get to it quickly.

They are not the only hunters here.

Yellowfin tuna have also
detected the shoal.

And behind them,
with their two-metre wingspans,

Mobula rays.

Now sailfish,

one of the fastest fish in the sea,
have joined the chase.

The lanternfish may return
to the deep at any moment.

But now, the dolphins have got here.

They swim beneath the shoal,
pinning it to the surface

and forcing the lanternfish
to pack more closely together.

And now the sea begins to boil.

The tuna charge into
the shoal at over 40 miles an hour.

The slower swimming rays arrive at last.

With their immense mouths agape,

they scoop up the lanternfish
by the hundred.

The shoal has now
been largely dispersed,

and the sailfish pick off the survivors.

In just 15 minutes,

all that's left
is a silvery confetti of scales.

But here, such feasts
are only too infrequent.

Whilst the dolphins perform
great feats of endurance,

others are driven
to even greater extremes

to find food in this ocean desert.

A sleeping giant.

A sperm whale.

This family is resting
between bouts of feeding.

Who knows what the owners

of the biggest brain
in the planet dream about.

One has a calf.

It's about two weeks old, but still
dependent on its mother's milk.

It's hungry.

It communicates with
its mother using a pattern of clicks.

But its mother slumbers on.

The calf,
covered in suckerfish,

of which it can't yet rid itself,

has to be patient.

Sleep over, and refreshed,

the whales move on.

Sperm whales don't wait for their prey
to rise to the surface.

They swim down
into the depths to find it.

They take a series of heavy breaths...

...to saturate their blood with oxygen.

Then, down they go.

This entire family
dives together in search of squid.

The mother will push her body
to the limits of her endurance,

and already it's hard for her calf
to keep up with her.

The calf sticks to its mother
as closely as it can

touching her frequently

as if for reassurance.

But 500 metres down,

it seems the calf
can't hold its breath any longer.

In their early years,
calves are forced to sit out the hunt.

The adults continue their dive.

The mother changes her calls

into a series of louder
and more rapid clicks.

She's now using sonar
to hunt down shoals of squid.

At 800 metres, a burst of clicks.

Then, silence.

She's made a catch.

The hunters could be away
for as much as an hour.

Finally, the mother
returns from the deep

with a stomach full of squid.

After a long wait,

this hungry calf can take some milk.

It's one of the richest
produced by any mammal.

And the calf guzzles
a bathful of it a day.

It may be six years before a calf
masters the art of deep diving

and is able to find food for itself.

The emptiness of the big blue
is what makes life so hard for hunters.

But it's this emptiness

that makes it
comparatively safe for prey.

A baby turtle, hatched just days ago,

is leaving the crowded,
dangerous waters of the coast,

and heading for the open ocean.

Only recently have we
begun to solve the mystery

of where baby turtles disappear to
in their early years.

To start with, they fill
their little stomachs with plankton.

But soon, they need
something more substantial.

Hundreds of miles offshore,
in every ocean,

there are communities
of young castaways.

So, anything
that floats attracts them.

A Ivy-

It may have been
at sea for several years,

and it has already become
the centre of a small community.

Young pufferfish are here
for the same reason.

A floating log
is just the kind of refuge

this young turtle has been looking for.

Here, there's not only seaweed
on which to graze,

but barnacles.

But it's important to stay undercover.

A young ocean-going
silky shark is here too.

It's learning what tastes good,

and what doesn't.

We now know
that many young turtles

stay in such places for several years

until adulthood.

Even if it means facing
the full force of the high seas.

The sun, beating down
on the deep blue,

warms the surface waters
so that they evaporate.

As the vapour rises,
it condenses into clouds.

They rapidly build into
gigantic burgeoning towers,

which eventually
generate violent storms,

some a thousand miles across.

Hurricane force winds
sweep across the open ocean,

building waves
that could rise to 30 metres tall.

Out here, ships have been
known to sink without trace.

One hundred
and thirty million containers

are shipped across
the oceans every year.

And on average, four of them
fall into the sea every day.

In 1992,

a few were lost that contained
a consignment of bath toys,

including 7,000
plastic ducks like these.

They started their travels
a thousand miles off Alaska.

Some drifted
right across the Pacific Ocean,

and reached Australia.

Others were carried north,

and landed on shores
between Russia and Alaska.

They even found their way
into the high Arctic.

One duck,
having been at sea for 15 years,

and crossing three oceans,

eventually landed
on the west coast of Scotland.

Their travels vividly illustrate

how a network of currents
connects all our oceans

into one gigantic circulatory system.

Many of the inhabitants of the big blue

rely on these currents
to carry them to feeding grounds.

The blue shark.

It travels over 5,000 miles a year,

riding on the currents,

supported by its broad wing-shaped fins.

This one may not
have eaten for two months.

But the currents can carry
promising traces of fatty oils

from many miles away

and will lead it to its next meal.

After days of travel,
the smell of food gets stronger.

A dead whale,
recently struck by a ship.

This could be a real feast,

but the blue shark must be cautious.

Great white sharks,

ten times heavier than the blue,

are highly possessive
around a whale carcass.

Great whites are eager
to feed on energy-rich whale blubber,

which we now know
forms a major part of their diet.

Once the great white has had its fill,

smaller sharks, like the blue shark,

tackle what's left of the carcass.

As the oils from this dead whale
spread more widely,

more and more blue sharks appear.

Within days, the carcass
will be stripped of its blubber.

Then, no longer kept buoyant by its oil,

it will sink into the depths below.

The blue, with its reserves
of fat replenished,

can now survive
for another two months without eating.

Over half of all animals
in the open ocean

drift in currents.

jellyfish cross entire oceans

feeding on whatever happens
to tangle with their tentacles.

Some can grow to a metre,
even two metres across.

And when, by lucky chance,

they encounter
a patch of sea rich in plankton,

their numbers explode.

It's such a successful strategy,

that jellies are one of the most
common lifeforms on the planet.

But among the jellies,

and looking somewhat like them,

is a rather more complex
and sinister creature.

The Portuguese man 0' war.

It floats with the help
of a gas-filled bladder,

propped by a vertical membrane.

With that serving as a sail,

it maintains a steady course
through the waves.

Long threads trail behind it,

some as much as 30 metres long.

Each is armed with
many thousands of stinging cells.

A single tentacle could kill a fish,

or, in rare cases, a human.

But among its lethal tentacles,

lurks a man 0' war fish

that feeds by nibbling them.

Whilst this fish
has some resistance to the stings,

it must still be extremely careful.

Most other fish are not so lucky.

A tentacle has caught
this one, and reels it in.

It's already paralysed.

Specialised muscular tentacles

transfer the victim to others
that digest the catch,

liquefying it with powerful chemicals.

Eventually all that is left

is a scaly husk.

This voracious man 0' war

may collect over a hundred
small fish in a day.

For the most part,
the big blue seems featureless.

A place where the winds blow,
uninterrupted by land.

But beneath the surface,

there are long
mountain ranges, deep trenches,

and isolated volcanic peaks

that make it far more varied
than the human eye can see.

We're only just discovering
in any detail

how the inhabitants
of the big blue exploit that.

A lonely whale shark

on a special journey.

She is as long as a small aircraft,

and she weighs over 20 tonnes.

Like many sharks, she does not lay eggs,

but gives birth to live young.

She carries up to 500 of them

in her swollen belly.

She may be the biggest fish in the sea,

but the place where whale sharks
give birth has not yet been found.

Today, however, we may be a step
closer to solving this mystery.

We have known
that great numbers of whale sharks,

at certain times of the year,

appear around the Galapagos Islands.

Here they assemble around a tiny islet

that rises abruptly
from particularly deep water.

It's known as Darwin Island.

Here, swirling currents
bring out nutrients from the deep,

so enriching these waters

that they attract
great concentrations of fish

from far and wide.

Thousands of hammerhead sharks
also assemble here.

They are nearly all female.

They, too, it seems,
have come here to breed.

The whale shark receives
an extraordinary welcome.

Silky sharks,
themselves three metres long,

bounce against her rough skin,

perhaps to scrape off
any parasites they might have.

These sharks could be a danger
to any newly-born young.

So, perhaps to avoid them,

the whale shark dives

down to around 600 metres.

And there, she may release her young.

In these great depths,

away from the predators
that hunt in the waters above,

and with abundant food,

her babies could grow
and eventually disperse.

No one, it is true,

has ever seen young ones
in these little-visited depths.

But the fact that hundreds
of expectant whale sharks

come here every year,

is strong evidence that somewhere here

lies the nursery
of the biggest fish in the sea.

There are almost 50,000 sizeable islands

scattered across the world's oceans.

One of them is South Georgia.

An ideal place for those ocean-dwellers

who are compelled to land
in order to breed.

The wandering albatross.

It may spend as much
as a year continuously at sea,

searching for food,

gliding on wings that are
three and a half metres across.

The biggest of any living bird.

The entire world population

of 76, 000 Wanderers
nest on South Georgia

and half a dozen or so
of the other smaller islands

that lie in the Southern Ocean.

It's spring.

And this bird is returning
to the nest site it has always used.

Its lifelong partner is already here.

In South Georgia,

individual birds have been
studied for their entire lives

revealing that older pairs
in their late thirties

will go to extraordinary lengths

to give their young
the best possible start in life.

This chick is now several weeks old,

but still has its warm, downy coat.

The chick will need a regular
supply of regurgitated fish and squid.

With food so scarce in the open ocean,

both parents may have to scour
thousands of square miles

just to provide enough for one meal.

Ageing parents struggle on
all through the Antarctic winter,

to raise a chick that is big,
strong and healthy.

After some 130 days,

the youngster begins to replace
its down with flight feathers.

Finally, nine months
after their egg was laid,

this chick is ready to leave.

Of all the chicks
they've reared in recent years,

such a favoured chick
will have the best chance of survival.

But it will also be their last.

Elderly parents never recover
from their exertions.

They will soon leave this island,

never to be seen again.

Surviving in the open ocean

has always tested animals to the limit.

But today, they face a new,
additional threat.

Plastic.

just over a hundred years ago,

we invented a wonderful new material

that could be moulded
into all kinds of shapes.

And we took great trouble to ensure

that it was hard-wearing, waterproof,

and virtually indestructible.

Now, every year,

we dump around eight million
tonnes of it into the sea.

Here, it entangles and drowns
vast numbers of marine creatures.

But it has even more widespread
and far-reaching consequences.

A pod of short-finned pilot whales.

They live together in,
what are perhaps,

the most closely-knit of families
in the whole ocean.

Today, in the Atlantic waters
off Europe, as elsewhere,

they have to share
the ocean with plastic.

A mother is holding
her new-born young.

It's dead.

She is reluctant to let it go

and has been carrying
it around for many days.

As plastic breaks down,
it combines with other pollutants

that are consumed
by vast numbers of marine creatures.

In top predators like these,

the toxic chemicals
can build up to lethal levels.

It's possible her calf
may have been poisoned

by her own contaminated milk.

Pilot whales have big brains.

They can certainly experience emotions.

judging from
the behaviour of the adults,

the loss of the infant
has affected the entire family.

Unless the flow of plastics
into the world's oceans is reduced,

marine life will be poisoned by them
for many centuries to come.

The creatures
that live in the big blue

are, perhaps, more remote
than any animals on the planet.

But not remote enough, it seems,

to escape the effects of what
we are doing to their world.

Next time, we journey
into the bountiful green sea.

These are enchanted worlds,

home to strange creatures...

...where only the most ingenious
will triumph.