America's Book of Secrets (2012–2014): Season 1, Episode 7 - Presidential Transports - full transcript
They are the most advanced and heavily protected vehicles ever built--operated by technicians prepared for the worst. But behind the bullet proof glass and armored plating of the President's fleet of vehicles are secrets. Travel by land, sea and air to explore the special construction, elite training and secret weapons that protect the President when he's on the move.
It is America's
most powerful police force,
an elite team of special agents
secretly patrolling the nation
and the world.
Its mission
is a matter of public record,
but its tactics are classified.
Locked safely inside the FBI's
Washington, D.C., headquarters
are confidential files,
encrypted hard drives and secrets,
secrets so covert...
It is an institution that is built on
and filled with secrets.
...so clever...
The capability of the government
to surveil people
and monitor activity,
it's tremendous.
...so cunning...
They will stage a phony traffic accident
where they'll have a police officer
stop them.
...that they must
be kept hidden from the public.
Robert Hanssen
sold secrets that cost lives.
The United States has probably
never had a more dangerous spy.
There are those who believe
in the existence of a book.
A book that contains
the most highly guarded secrets...
of the United States of America.
A book whose very existence
is known to only a select few.
But if such a book exists,
what would it contain?
Secret histories?
Secret plans?
Secret lies?
Does there really exist
America's Book of Secrets?
The leading law enforcement
agency of the United States
is known simply as the FBI.
To protect and defend the U.S.
against domestic
and international threats
that are deemed too large for local
or state authorities to handle alone
as well as those that may compromise
the foundation of American society.
Spies, hackers, jihadists,
mobsters and murderers
are just a few of the criminals
that the Federal Bureau of Investigation
battles on a daily basis.
The FBI is the nation's
premier law enforcement agency
charged with prosecution
of Federal crimes, investigations,
a whole variety of activities,
from terrorism to narcotics, white-collar,
organized crime.
They are tasked with investigating crimes
that are across jurisdictions,
federal crimes and counterterrorism.
If it's a bank robbery
of a Federally insured bank,
they're concerned about it.
If there's an aircraft hijacking,
they're concerned about it.
Counterterrorism is a huge issue.
Espionage is a continuing issue.
It's kind of difficult to get your arms
around the breadth of the FBI
because they just do
so many different things.
With an operating budget
of nearly $8 billion a year,
the FBI includes
over 13,500 special agents
and nearly 22,000 analysts,
scientists and specialists.
Rarely photographed
in an effort to hide their identity
and protect their lives
and that of their families,
many would be surprised to know
that FBI agents today
operate all over the world.
The Bureau maintains
over 400 locations in the U.S.
and dozens of international offices,
called legal attaches, or legats.
Under J. Edgar Hoover,
as the first
federal law enforcement agency,
it began dealing with crimes
that were state to state.
Over the last couple of decades,
it has morphed into what I would argue
is the world's first global police force,
an agency that has hundreds of agents
posted to more than 80 countries
overseas, every single day.
Anytime a terrorism crime
or a kidnapping happens
to an American anywhere
in the world, the FBI responds.
There is now,
out of the National
Counterterrorism Center,
a 70-person unit and five teams
to chase leads on sleeper cells
anywhere in the world.
The public has no idea what role
we play on the international stage,
particularly as it relates
to investigations.
When things happen around the world,
almost irregardless of country,
the FBI's going to be there first.
On May 2, 2011,
FBI forensic agents
were included in the covert raid
on Osama bin Laden's compound
in Abbottabad, Pakistan.
The world watched and wondered,
had bin Laden really been found?
And how did the U.S.
gather the evidence it needed
to positively identify the remains
of America's most wanted terrorist?
Because of the FBI's capacity
to collect and process information,
they're always first on the ground.
You can bet that if there's an incident
that involves evidence collection
and there's terrorism involved,
and particularly if the United States
has a nexus to it, the FBI is there.
You can only excavate a scene once.
You get one chance to get it right,
because once you move something,
that's not the way it was,
you've changed history.
So you have to be meticulous.
But while the FBI's mission is clear,
the methods used to protect the U.S.
and its citizens
often remains top secret.
If there was a book
about America's secrets,
the FBI's chapter
would be one of the longest
and richest in the country.
There are a lot of things the FBI
has to do that it has to keep secret.
The FBI keeps a lot of secrets,
and we do it to keep the nation safe.
But is there a limit
on how far the FBI can
and should go to combat crime?
And if so, where is the line
between protecting the public
and preserving our personal liberties?
The amount of information
that our government has on us today,
not just the FBI but them in combination
with the National Security Agency
and others, is enormous.
How it's using that information,
how deeply
they are tracking any one of us,
we may not know
for another 20 years.
Today,
the FBI's most closely guarded secret
is a special unit
of highly skilled undercover agents
who conduct covert
human intelligence operations.
Known as the Tactical
Operations Division, or TacOps,
these units include hostage rescue
and crisis negotiation teams
and regional Special Weapons
and Tactics, or SWAT, teams.
The TacOps division of the FBI
are the people
that you've never heard of.
They're the secretive side of the FBI
that are responsible for surveillance
and sort of spying on the people
the FBI is investigating.
The FBI's biggest secret
is how it breaks into homes and offices
to plant bugging devices
without the agents being caught
and shot as burglars.
To get the job done,
the FBI has to be able
to get into that location,
secure the information
and get out without ever being noticed.
And there are ways to do this.
I can't tell you all of them,
because we'd have to brief you
into programs that you're not cleared for.
Basically, you have to defeat
the lock and alarm systems,
whether it's a car,
whether it's a house,
whether it's an office building,
doesn't matter.
We've got people
that are very good at doing that.
Usually, about ten agents
will be involved on the actual break-in,
and each will have a different task.
One person will make sure
that everything is put back in place.
They'll take photographs
of everything beforehand.
If they move a chair,
they'll put a tape where the chair was.
And they bring their own dust
in case they disturb any dust
on a coffee table or a desktop.
They'll replace that dust
with their own dust.
Let's say they have to drill into a wall,
they bring their own
very high-tech, small vacuum cleaner
to clean up any sawdust.
If a target is spotted
returning to their location
earlier than expected,
agents are in place to divert them.
They will stage a phony traffic accident,
or they'll have a police officer
stop them and give them a ticket,
or they will open a fire hydrant
in the area so nobody can go back.
In one case,
the FBI created a party on a yacht,
and they had knockout gorgeous
FBI female agents go to the yacht
and have a party for these individuals
who were involved in political corruption.
And while the party was going on,
TacOps put the bugs in their offices.
In certain situations,
undercover agents will enter the premises
while the target is on site.
Using various disguises and characters,
skilled agents can secretly plant
a listening device
right underneath the target's nose.
Let's say they want
to put a bug in a Mafia home.
They will introduce static
on the individual's telephone line.
He will call a repair service
at the phone company.
But the FBI will intercept the call,
pretend to be repair service
and say, "We'll be right over."
Well, sure enough they do go over
in a telephone company truck,
wearing telephone company uniforms.
The strategy
was to go after individual families,
like the Gambino family,
to try to bring a case
against the leadership
for a whole host of criminal activities
engaged in by the family.
This tactic proved especially effective
in taking down some of America's
most elusive mobsters,
including John Gotti.
AKA the Teflon Don.
The violent mobster who headed
New York's Gambino crime family
was caught on tape discussing
several murders and criminal behaviors.
John Gotti
was caught with a bug planted
in what he thought was impenetrable.
It was his social club in New York.
They recorded conversations about hits,
and that's what led
to John Gotti's convictions.
We used to hear him on the tapes.
Gotti began to fancy himself
kind of a man about town.
He was very public.
And in doing that,
he really painted a target on himself
and made himself the focus
of an enormous law enforcement effort,
which resulted in him being
ultimately convicted and sent to jail.
Thanks to the secret recordings,
on April 2, 1992,
John Gotti was found guilty of 13 murders
and numerous other crimes,
and was sentenced to life in prison.
In the two decades
since Gotti's conviction,
surveillance equipment and techniques
have become ever more sophisticated.
But despite the high-tech advancements,
many believe
the most valuable intelligence-gathering
comes from secret,
undercover surveillance.
To secretly track America's enemies,
the FBI
turns to its Special Surveillance Group,
a unit of highly-trained investigative
specialists known as ghosts.
But how deeply undercover
are these ghosts?
Are their identities
only kept secret from the public,
or are they also hidden
from the FBI's own special agents?
And how exactly
do they covertly conduct
their observations
without being detected?
The FBI's ghosts are part
of the secretive surveillance teams
who most special agents don't even
know who these people are.
I can't tell you too much about
how an SSG operative does what they do.
A lot of that is classified,
and that would get me in a lot of trouble.
But they're 100% undercover,
and so they are doing covert work
to catch spies and terrorists.
I was an investigative specialist.
I was a ghost.
So my job was to follow spies
and terrorists covertly.
That doesn't mean in the shadows.
That means that I might have been
in plain sight, but I'm blending in.
In other words, I am following them,
I am collecting information on them,
but they never know I'm there.
Hence the term "ghosts."
The four most important things
when conducting a surveillance are,
Know your target.
If you don't know
some good facts about your target,
about some of the places they might go,
about some of the things
they might enjoy or like,
you're never going to be able
to surveil them successfully.
The second is to know your environment.
If you don't know where you are,
you're going to have a really hard time
following someone,
especially if that person knows it
better than you do.
The third is to be able to blend.
You need to be able
to hide in plain sight.
You're not going to be the guy
sneaking around in the shadows
or hiding behind dumpsters.
You're going to be the person
who's walking in a crowd
and blending completely.
You want to be grey.
You want to be boring.
You don't want to be James Bond.
You want to be the mousy guy
in the corner that no one notices;
the wallflower.
And finally,
you have to know how to adapt.
Everything that possibly
can go wrong will go wrong,
so you have to remain
unshaken, confident,
and you've got to do what you can do
to keep that surveillance running,
stay covert, continue to blend
and adapt to the situation.
The ability to blend in
when tracking a criminal
is crucial
for FBI information gathering.
But what happens
when there is a breach of intelligence?
What does the FBI do
when a special agent
turns into a double agent
and becomes an international spy?
On June 27, 2010,
FBI agents arrested ten members
of a Russian spy ring
that operated in Massachusetts,
Virginia and New York.
The arrests came after
a seven-year investigation
that included deep cover agents
involved in a counterintelligence
operation called Ghost Stories.
The FBI used a variety
of different surveillance techniques,
everything from
fixed surveillance cameras,
down to videos
and microphones hidden in backpacks
that they would set up in cafes.
Among the spies taken into custody
was Russian national Anna Chapman,
a fashionable 28-year-old the media
dubbed a modern-day Mata Hari.
The FBI claimed that neither Chapman
nor her co-conspirators
were an immediate threat
to U.S. security.
Could the arrests that day
have been designed to serve
a more secret purpose?
Weeks after the arrests,
the U.S. traded the Russians
for four operatives
being held on spy charges
in the former Soviet Union.
One of the four men
handed over to the U.S.
was Alexander Zaporozhsky.
Many believe Zaporozhsky
secretly helped
take down a rogue FBI agent
who committed one of the worst
security breaches in U.S. history.
They knew
that there was a traitor somewhere.
So the FBI started looking at sources
that could give us information
that would lead us to this traitor
in our midst, and they found one,
who provided a folder
of information from Russia
that had some evidence
that led to Robert Hanssen.
Robert Hanssen
is the most dangerous and deadly traitor
the FBI has ever had.
He was a career agent,
who had spent decades
spying for the Soviet Union,
then the Russians,
without any notice...
and rising to actually become
one of the highest-ranking agents
studying the Russians.
For 22 years,
Hanssen had secretly supplied
the Soviets and Russians
with sensitive information
on U.S. security,
as well as intelligence on KGB agents
working for the Americans.
He knew how
counterintelligence worked.
He knew what the strengths were,
and he knew what the Achilles' heel
of counterintelligence was.
Not just the FBI,
but any counterintelligence service.
The Soviets didn't even know
who he was.
Because Hanssen was good.
He knew how to cover his tracks,
'cause he was in the game.
The FBI had strategies
for dealing with double agents,
but were they prepared for a traitor
as high up
in the organization as Hanssen?
What kind of a trap did they use
to take down a spy
as skilled as a real-life Jason Bourne?
They created a new division called
Information Assurance,
they put him in charge of it,
and they decided that what we'll do
is give him access to everything.
And if we give him access
to everything,
he'll be the kid in the candy store
with no one minding the shop,
who just can't resist reaching up
and stealing something.
So, I was offered the job,
told that you're going to work
with Robert Hanssen, investigate him,
take orders from a senior agent
who's going to be handing down
what she wants you to do.
And if they had used a trained,
face-to-face agent to do the job,
Hanssen might have noticed
all of the different tips and tricks
that someone
who's trained to do this might do.
I had to make him feel comfortable.
And I did that by talking with him,
making him feel
that I wasn't investigating him,
making him feel confident
that the Information Assurance section
was a real division,
that he had a real person who worked
for him who wanted it to succeed
and wanted him to succeed
so that we could continue to be
a functional part of the FBI.
By 1998,
the CIA and FBI were working together
to confirm their suspicion
that Hanssen was selling secrets.
But how do special agents
secretly investigate one of their own?
How do you trap someone
who knows all of the same tricks
of the trade as you?
And what could
undercover agent Eric O'Neill do
to catch Hanssen red-handed?
You start looking
for those sort of things that they do
to make sure that an investigator
might not find the information
that they want to hide.
And his was a Palm Pilot.
I went through the bag,
grabbed the Palm Pilot,
ran down two flights of steps
to where we had a team waiting,
and they copied it.
And it turns out that on that Palm Pilot,
we were not only able to find,
the day that he was going
to make the drop
but where he was going
to make it.
So we were able to put a team
at that drop site ahead of him
and caught him red-handed,
in the act of espionage.
On February 18, 2001,
Robert Hanssen was arrested
and charged with 13 counts of espionage.
Five weeks from retirement,
the rogue agent was getting ready
to exit the agency with a pension
and an estimated $1.4 million in cash
from the Russians.
After Hanssen's arrest,
the FBI released a list
of the secret intelligence
the former agent sold to the Soviets
and Russians from 1979 to 2001.
During that time, he gave up
some of the most egregious secrets
that have been given up by a spy.
Included were the names
of double agents,
military strategies,
and details of a secret location
where American leaders would be hidden
during a national crisis.
Robert Hanssen sold secrets
that cost people's lives,
that cost operations,
cost taxpayers billions of dollars,
and the United States has probably
never had a more dangerous spy
in its 200-year history.
When one of your own
turns out to betray
an organization like the FBI,
it just shakes
the whole organization to the core.
The events of September 11, 2001,
not only changed how the U.S. responds
to terrorist attacks,
it influenced the way America
now defends itself
against potential threats.
Like many government
and law enforcement agencies,
the events of 9/11
forced the FBI to reinvent itself.
Now preventing terrorism
became the number one priority.
The common thinking after 9/11,
in the weeks and months that followed
if there was another terrorist attack,
the FBI was going to be history.
And so they needed to change the FBI
to make sure that that didn't happen.
Once the bomb goes off
or once the bug gets loose, it's too late.
So you want to find out
what the bad folks are up to,
and then put together a strategy
to stop it before it happens.
9/11 was a game changer.
It required us now to share information.
It required us to work on
analyzing intelligence together.
After nearly a century
of working in secrecy,
the FBI created
a revolutionary new security unit
called the Joint Terrorism
Task Force.
The JTTF put local,
state and federal officials
on the same team for the first time.
This is a secret
the public really doesn't know about,
but the FBI,
even inside its own agency,
they could not share information
between agents who gathered information
in an intelligence capacity,
in other words, trying to just figure out
who the bad guys are
that might be attacking our country,
and then agents
working on criminal cases,
investigating crimes
after they'd occurred.
We were forbidden by law
from sharing that information.
Agents sitting next to one another
in the FBI office,
couldn't talk about these cases.
Today there is
a Joint Terrorism Task Force team
in every major U.S. city.
They meet secretly,
in undercover offices
code-named fusion centers.
Fusion centers
are these shadowy organizations
that combine state,
local and federal officials
to share intelligence
and try to identify threats.
Most people have never heard of them,
and if the FBI has its way,
most people never will.
I think what the American
public would find really interesting
is that they could be
walking past the fusion center
and not even know it's there.
Everybody who works in those centers
has a top secret clearance.
Police officers next to sheriffs
next to FBI agents,
all working on the same cases,
all collecting and analyzing data,
something that didn't happen
a decade ago,
that has really changed the way
that we do things.
But how does the FBI use information
gathered by law enforcement agencies
to look into the future
and predict an attack?
And once a plot is discovered,
at what point does the FBI step in
and prevent it from occurring?
Rather than wait
for something to happen
and then try to find the bad guys,
the emphasis now
is much more infiltration,
information analysis
and disrupting operations
before they ever get off the ground.
August 2005.
Local police in Torrance, California,
call in the Los Angeles JTTF
after finding questionable information
in a wallet and cell phone
dropped by one of the suspects
at the scene of a gas station robbery.
But why was the L.A. task force
investigating a crime
that, on the surface,
seemed to be petty?
The wallet belonged
to Gregory Vernon Patterson,
an employee of a duty-free shop
at Los Angeles International Airport.
But when they searched Patterson's home,
they were alarmed.
But what did they find?
When they did
the search warrant on the location,
you would think we're looking for
the proceeds or profits of robberies,
but when they got in there
and they saw maps,
and laptops,
and automatic weapons,
and a whole host of things
that suggested this was more than
a group of guys out doing robberies.
Data stored
on Patterson's mobile phone
led the JTTF to a terrorist cell
that had formed in Folsom Prison.
They called themselves JIS,
which was translated as
the Assembly of Authentic Islam.
Very interesting collection of actors.
You had Kevin James,
who was at Folsom Prison.
Levar Washington,
who was there with him,
and they formed a cell of four people.
They came out of prison,
they connected with an individual
who was a Pakistani National
named Hamad Samana.
Levar Washington
was being interviewed
and spoke fluent Arabic
and said he was from Sudan.
When one of the JTTF members
saw some tattoos,
ran them through
the computer system
and realized that Washington
was a Los Angeles
Rollin 60's Crip gang member
who was now fluent
and self-taught in Arabic in prison,
and part of this cell.
These guys were out
doing gas station robberies
trying to collect the necessary money
they needed for ammunition
because they were going
to be active shooters at LAX.
They were going to target
the El Al ticket counter,
which is the official airline
of the state of Israel.
They were going to target
the Israeli Consulate
on Wilshire Boulevard,
two National Guard
recruiting centers,
and three synagogues
in the Los Angeles area.
In the FBI's eyes,
if you never hear
of the Assembly of Authentic Islam,
they've done their jobs.
By sharing information
with dozens of U.S. law enforcement
and intelligence agencies,
the FBI's Joint Terrorism Task Force
has successfully broken up cells
in more than seven American cities,
potentially saving the lives
of thousands of unsuspecting people.
This particular operation, we believe,
is one of the closest ones we've had
since 9/11 to going operational
and this is living proof of why a JTTF
is necessary and what it can do.
The record that the FBI
has amassed since 9/11,
that we went a decade without
a single U.S. civilian being killed
in a terror attack in the United States
is just an impressive record
of achievement.
Business Week reported
that college students
have consistently ranked
the FBI as one
of America's "Hottest Employers."
And even though the job demands
that recruits put their lives
on the line every single day,
Students recently voted the agency
as the third most desirable place to work
after Google
and the Walt Disney Company.
The FBI loves recruits
who know science,
who know foreign languages,
who know computers,
who are invested
in the high-tech 21st-century world.
The FBI has no trouble
recruiting.
In fact, the competition
to become an FBI agent
is as great as getting into Harvard.
It's a secret club.
So when you become an FBI agent,
you've immediately got
what we call the FBI family.
And you know, your whole life,
that that's who you are
and who your people are.
But how does the FBI
select its elite group of agents
from the tens of thousands
of applications they receive?
Are there secret qualifications
they look for?
And how do they know
who can ultimately be trusted?
You want someone
who's a logical thinker
and a hard worker and a self-starter.
That's what the FBI looks for.
You have to be good on your feet,
quick on your feet.
You have to be a good actor
and you have to be able to blend in
and walk that fine line
between non-criminal activity
and criminal activity.
And sometimes it's a very fine line.
The one criteria that you've got
for the people that I've met
is they don't believe they can fail.
The FBI hiring process
includes a battery of interviews,
security checks, drug testing,
psychological evaluation,
and even a polygraph test.
The FBI doesn't specifically
say, "We want to intimidate you."
What they want to do
is test your resolve,
test your ability
to withstand pressure,
your ability to multi-task.
Qualified recruits
are sent to the FBI Academy
in Quantico, Virginia, for a 20-week
intensive training program.
Studies include national security
and criminal investigation,
Constitutional law,
interrogation techniques,
and firearms training.
You spend time doing,
really, three things.
You're in the classroom,
you're in the gym,
and you're on the range.
It was very, very rigorous.
We had block exams.
Those were our academic
coursework exams.
If you did not meet
the minimum standard score,
you had a chance
to repeat that exam.
If you didn't meet the score
the second time,
you were on a plane home.
If you didn't qualify on the range,
you'd be on a plane home,
and same with physical training.
To prepare the agents-in-training
for real-life, high-pressure scenarios,
recruits are thrown into Hogan's Alley,
or what the FBI calls
"the most violent town in America."
Don't move!
The mock town includes
a hotel, a pool hall, and a bank,
and it's inhabited with actors
who are skilled in the art
of misdemeanors and felonies.
It's a 10-acre spread
that's a training ground for FBI agents
to go out and make arrests,
to do investigations in real life.
That bank is robbed
more than any other bank in the world.
It gets robbed just about every day.
Those who pass the 20-week program
and are judged to be models
of the Bureau's core values
are invited to join the FBI,
but there is one last requirement
before officially becoming an agent.
As a condition to joining the FBI,
agents agree not to reveal any secrets.
In addition,
if the information is classified,
then it would be a violation of federal
law to reveal those secrets.
When they graduate,
agents also take an Oath of Office,
agreeing to defend
the Constitution of the United States
against all enemies,
foreign and domestic.
But why does the Bureau
keep new agents in the dark
about where they are going
and what they might be doing?
You have no notion of where
you might be assigned as a new agent.
I came in as a police officer thinking
that when I got out of the Academy
I might be assigned
to the Fugitive Squad
or the Bank Robbery Squad,
and I wound up being assigned
to Foreign Counterintelligence
and Terrorism.
So you just never know.
When Hoover was the director,
there was a policy of new agents
not going back to their office of origin,
so that all ties
with anyone that you might know,
anything that would put an agent
in a situation
where he might be compromised
or subject to corruption was removed
because you were transferred
to a place
where you didn't know anybody.
A former Special Agent,
Erroll Southers
served most
of his FBI career undercover.
The hardest part
of being an undercover agent
is not having contact with the people
that are your FBI family.
You couldn't exactly go
and play softball
with people from the office,
because you never knew
who was watching you.
The biggest fear is running
into someone who knows you,
and them coming up
and saying my name,
or talking about something
with people that were with me
in a way that would compromise
the operation.
You spend a lot of time alone,
and that's probably
one of the toughest things.
It's a tough job.
May 26, 2010.
FBI agents arrest
an Army Intelligence Analyst,
Private Bradley E. Manning.
He had downloaded over a quarter
of a million classified documents
and military video footage
and given it all to WikiLeaks,
an on-line organization,
based overseas,
dedicated to exposing
U.S. government secrets.
This headline-making case
made it clear to all
that in the 21st Century,
the FBI has a whole new class
of criminal to police,
one that operates invisibly
in the digital domain,
and who, with one click of the mouse,
can cause military confusion,
financial ruin or civil chaos.
The FBI's fastest-growing part today
is its cyber branch.
Cybercrime is a huge issue today.
What we've seen over the years
is an increasing capability of the hackers
and the cyber criminals to stay
one step ahead of law enforcement.
Companies are getting their
computers hacked into on a daily basis.
Fraud is a regular part of their lives.
And if they can't protect
their computers,
what's going to stop a hacker
from bringing a terrorist act
into the cyber network?
But what is the cybercrime,
the digital doomsday scenario,
that the FBI most fears?
The FBI believes that the biggest threat
to the nation today
is either a weapon of mass destruction
or a cyberattack.
The ability to take down
the nation's power grid,
to take down a city's water system
is very real
and something that the FBI
is concerned about every single day.
Imagine if the electrical power
grid in New York
is shut down for any length of time,
what kind of ramifications
that would have.
The FBI every day, every minute,
is trying to monitor
the nation's critical infrastructure,
both by working with private corporations,
as well as keeping its own watch
in cyberspace
about who's trying to attack us.
According to the Bureau,
a cyber doomsday scenario
could start with a virtual Trojan horse,
spyware hidden
inside a free smart phone app.
The FBI is concerned
that this could infect
millions of other electronic devices
and lead to anything
from a shutdown of the U.S. economy
to an interference of the GPS signals
the military needs to guide troops
and aircraft to nationwide blackouts.
But if the worst does happen,
how can the FBI
find the perpetrator?
What covert tools and technologies
does the Bureau have
to combat cybercrime?
What's amazing
about cybercrime cases
is that the FBI
almost has to solve the case
before they know whether they're dealing
with a terrorist organization,
a criminal group,
a foreign government,
an organized hacker
or a teenager down the street.
In the old days,
which weren't that long ago,
you know, it was shoe leather.
You went out
and got one piece of information,
which led to another,
which led to another.
Now you can go at light speed
on the Internet,
a few clicks,
someone's Facebook account,
you can get
lots of information very quickly.
It's all out there
and it saves a lot on the wingtips
when you just can do it
right from your desk.
We are living
in a hyper-connected society.
And the social network
that we're all part of,
we're all linked
in a way that makes it quite interesting
and challenging for law enforcement
to put those links together.
Of course, Facebook,
Twitter and YouTube
aren't the only new weapons
in the Bureau's 21st-Century arsenal.
The FBI has developed
its own software
to uncover subversive social networks
and to connect the dots
between individuals of interest.
The capability of the government
to monitor computers, to observe,
to surveil people
and monitor their computer activities,
it's really quite tremendous.
If you go back and look at,
specifically, 9/11,
we see people
in the last several years
that we didn't know had connectivity
to some of those hijackers
when they were here
in the United States in 2000.
Now we are able to do that.
That is very, very important,
because what might not be obvious
are those people
that have no criminal histories.
But because of the network they're in,
it might be worth looking at.
At the end of the day,
all intelligence really needs
to point to the human being.
We've got to start
to become a lot better
at finding the bomber
and not the bomb.
We want to see people when they're
sitting in their apartment building,
and not when they're at the airport.
But software and social networking sites
are only a fraction of how
the FBI is using computer science.
These digital detectives are now able
to find data in your electronic equipment
just as efficiently as their forensic
scientist counterparts analyze DNA.
Concealed in secret locations
across the country
are 16 state-of-the-art
Computer Crime Labs
where specialists analyze
what's known as digital evidence.
The FBI's cyber labs
and its regional computer forensic
laboratories
are some of the most secretive parts
of the FBI today.
They are high-tech, cutting-edge,
and they're hidden in plain sight
all over the United States.
At any one of these
regional computer forensics labs,
computers, cameras and phones
can be scoured for vital clues
that might solve a crime.
Digital evidence is becoming a bigger
and bigger part of the FBI's world.
These are the e-mail breadcrumbs
or the Internet breadcrumbs
that are left
by our digital lives every day.
Everybody's got a phone
and a computer
and a tablet, and you name it.
That same sort of explosion
is happening now,
and I would say in ten years,
digital evidence is going to be
where DNA is now.
We won't be able to even consider
a simple crime
without thinking about
some form of digital evidence
assisting that investigation.
As the law enforcement needs
of the nation have grown,
so, too, has the Bureau.
But despite its global reach
and resources,
the FBI's greatest strength is perhaps
its ability to keep America safe
by keeping its crime-fighting tactics
secret.
The FBI today is a 21st-Century
high-tech organization
that uses cutting-edge technology,
much of which is still secret
to the rest of us.
There are many secrets.
Secrets of espionage and secrets of crime
and secrets of terrorism.
Secrets of psychology
and secrets of sociology,
and the FBI is in the middle
of all of that.
In terms of an investigative technique,
we'll probably keep that secret,
primarily 'cause we don't want
the bad guys to know about it.
In less than a century,
the Federal Bureau of Investigation
has grown from a handful
of unarmed agents
with special powers
to enforce U.S. laws nationwide,
to a formidable international operation.
And while their methods can be covert,
their mission is clear:
to uphold America's laws
and protect
the citizens of the United States.
most powerful police force,
an elite team of special agents
secretly patrolling the nation
and the world.
Its mission
is a matter of public record,
but its tactics are classified.
Locked safely inside the FBI's
Washington, D.C., headquarters
are confidential files,
encrypted hard drives and secrets,
secrets so covert...
It is an institution that is built on
and filled with secrets.
...so clever...
The capability of the government
to surveil people
and monitor activity,
it's tremendous.
...so cunning...
They will stage a phony traffic accident
where they'll have a police officer
stop them.
...that they must
be kept hidden from the public.
Robert Hanssen
sold secrets that cost lives.
The United States has probably
never had a more dangerous spy.
There are those who believe
in the existence of a book.
A book that contains
the most highly guarded secrets...
of the United States of America.
A book whose very existence
is known to only a select few.
But if such a book exists,
what would it contain?
Secret histories?
Secret plans?
Secret lies?
Does there really exist
America's Book of Secrets?
The leading law enforcement
agency of the United States
is known simply as the FBI.
To protect and defend the U.S.
against domestic
and international threats
that are deemed too large for local
or state authorities to handle alone
as well as those that may compromise
the foundation of American society.
Spies, hackers, jihadists,
mobsters and murderers
are just a few of the criminals
that the Federal Bureau of Investigation
battles on a daily basis.
The FBI is the nation's
premier law enforcement agency
charged with prosecution
of Federal crimes, investigations,
a whole variety of activities,
from terrorism to narcotics, white-collar,
organized crime.
They are tasked with investigating crimes
that are across jurisdictions,
federal crimes and counterterrorism.
If it's a bank robbery
of a Federally insured bank,
they're concerned about it.
If there's an aircraft hijacking,
they're concerned about it.
Counterterrorism is a huge issue.
Espionage is a continuing issue.
It's kind of difficult to get your arms
around the breadth of the FBI
because they just do
so many different things.
With an operating budget
of nearly $8 billion a year,
the FBI includes
over 13,500 special agents
and nearly 22,000 analysts,
scientists and specialists.
Rarely photographed
in an effort to hide their identity
and protect their lives
and that of their families,
many would be surprised to know
that FBI agents today
operate all over the world.
The Bureau maintains
over 400 locations in the U.S.
and dozens of international offices,
called legal attaches, or legats.
Under J. Edgar Hoover,
as the first
federal law enforcement agency,
it began dealing with crimes
that were state to state.
Over the last couple of decades,
it has morphed into what I would argue
is the world's first global police force,
an agency that has hundreds of agents
posted to more than 80 countries
overseas, every single day.
Anytime a terrorism crime
or a kidnapping happens
to an American anywhere
in the world, the FBI responds.
There is now,
out of the National
Counterterrorism Center,
a 70-person unit and five teams
to chase leads on sleeper cells
anywhere in the world.
The public has no idea what role
we play on the international stage,
particularly as it relates
to investigations.
When things happen around the world,
almost irregardless of country,
the FBI's going to be there first.
On May 2, 2011,
FBI forensic agents
were included in the covert raid
on Osama bin Laden's compound
in Abbottabad, Pakistan.
The world watched and wondered,
had bin Laden really been found?
And how did the U.S.
gather the evidence it needed
to positively identify the remains
of America's most wanted terrorist?
Because of the FBI's capacity
to collect and process information,
they're always first on the ground.
You can bet that if there's an incident
that involves evidence collection
and there's terrorism involved,
and particularly if the United States
has a nexus to it, the FBI is there.
You can only excavate a scene once.
You get one chance to get it right,
because once you move something,
that's not the way it was,
you've changed history.
So you have to be meticulous.
But while the FBI's mission is clear,
the methods used to protect the U.S.
and its citizens
often remains top secret.
If there was a book
about America's secrets,
the FBI's chapter
would be one of the longest
and richest in the country.
There are a lot of things the FBI
has to do that it has to keep secret.
The FBI keeps a lot of secrets,
and we do it to keep the nation safe.
But is there a limit
on how far the FBI can
and should go to combat crime?
And if so, where is the line
between protecting the public
and preserving our personal liberties?
The amount of information
that our government has on us today,
not just the FBI but them in combination
with the National Security Agency
and others, is enormous.
How it's using that information,
how deeply
they are tracking any one of us,
we may not know
for another 20 years.
Today,
the FBI's most closely guarded secret
is a special unit
of highly skilled undercover agents
who conduct covert
human intelligence operations.
Known as the Tactical
Operations Division, or TacOps,
these units include hostage rescue
and crisis negotiation teams
and regional Special Weapons
and Tactics, or SWAT, teams.
The TacOps division of the FBI
are the people
that you've never heard of.
They're the secretive side of the FBI
that are responsible for surveillance
and sort of spying on the people
the FBI is investigating.
The FBI's biggest secret
is how it breaks into homes and offices
to plant bugging devices
without the agents being caught
and shot as burglars.
To get the job done,
the FBI has to be able
to get into that location,
secure the information
and get out without ever being noticed.
And there are ways to do this.
I can't tell you all of them,
because we'd have to brief you
into programs that you're not cleared for.
Basically, you have to defeat
the lock and alarm systems,
whether it's a car,
whether it's a house,
whether it's an office building,
doesn't matter.
We've got people
that are very good at doing that.
Usually, about ten agents
will be involved on the actual break-in,
and each will have a different task.
One person will make sure
that everything is put back in place.
They'll take photographs
of everything beforehand.
If they move a chair,
they'll put a tape where the chair was.
And they bring their own dust
in case they disturb any dust
on a coffee table or a desktop.
They'll replace that dust
with their own dust.
Let's say they have to drill into a wall,
they bring their own
very high-tech, small vacuum cleaner
to clean up any sawdust.
If a target is spotted
returning to their location
earlier than expected,
agents are in place to divert them.
They will stage a phony traffic accident,
or they'll have a police officer
stop them and give them a ticket,
or they will open a fire hydrant
in the area so nobody can go back.
In one case,
the FBI created a party on a yacht,
and they had knockout gorgeous
FBI female agents go to the yacht
and have a party for these individuals
who were involved in political corruption.
And while the party was going on,
TacOps put the bugs in their offices.
In certain situations,
undercover agents will enter the premises
while the target is on site.
Using various disguises and characters,
skilled agents can secretly plant
a listening device
right underneath the target's nose.
Let's say they want
to put a bug in a Mafia home.
They will introduce static
on the individual's telephone line.
He will call a repair service
at the phone company.
But the FBI will intercept the call,
pretend to be repair service
and say, "We'll be right over."
Well, sure enough they do go over
in a telephone company truck,
wearing telephone company uniforms.
The strategy
was to go after individual families,
like the Gambino family,
to try to bring a case
against the leadership
for a whole host of criminal activities
engaged in by the family.
This tactic proved especially effective
in taking down some of America's
most elusive mobsters,
including John Gotti.
AKA the Teflon Don.
The violent mobster who headed
New York's Gambino crime family
was caught on tape discussing
several murders and criminal behaviors.
John Gotti
was caught with a bug planted
in what he thought was impenetrable.
It was his social club in New York.
They recorded conversations about hits,
and that's what led
to John Gotti's convictions.
We used to hear him on the tapes.
Gotti began to fancy himself
kind of a man about town.
He was very public.
And in doing that,
he really painted a target on himself
and made himself the focus
of an enormous law enforcement effort,
which resulted in him being
ultimately convicted and sent to jail.
Thanks to the secret recordings,
on April 2, 1992,
John Gotti was found guilty of 13 murders
and numerous other crimes,
and was sentenced to life in prison.
In the two decades
since Gotti's conviction,
surveillance equipment and techniques
have become ever more sophisticated.
But despite the high-tech advancements,
many believe
the most valuable intelligence-gathering
comes from secret,
undercover surveillance.
To secretly track America's enemies,
the FBI
turns to its Special Surveillance Group,
a unit of highly-trained investigative
specialists known as ghosts.
But how deeply undercover
are these ghosts?
Are their identities
only kept secret from the public,
or are they also hidden
from the FBI's own special agents?
And how exactly
do they covertly conduct
their observations
without being detected?
The FBI's ghosts are part
of the secretive surveillance teams
who most special agents don't even
know who these people are.
I can't tell you too much about
how an SSG operative does what they do.
A lot of that is classified,
and that would get me in a lot of trouble.
But they're 100% undercover,
and so they are doing covert work
to catch spies and terrorists.
I was an investigative specialist.
I was a ghost.
So my job was to follow spies
and terrorists covertly.
That doesn't mean in the shadows.
That means that I might have been
in plain sight, but I'm blending in.
In other words, I am following them,
I am collecting information on them,
but they never know I'm there.
Hence the term "ghosts."
The four most important things
when conducting a surveillance are,
Know your target.
If you don't know
some good facts about your target,
about some of the places they might go,
about some of the things
they might enjoy or like,
you're never going to be able
to surveil them successfully.
The second is to know your environment.
If you don't know where you are,
you're going to have a really hard time
following someone,
especially if that person knows it
better than you do.
The third is to be able to blend.
You need to be able
to hide in plain sight.
You're not going to be the guy
sneaking around in the shadows
or hiding behind dumpsters.
You're going to be the person
who's walking in a crowd
and blending completely.
You want to be grey.
You want to be boring.
You don't want to be James Bond.
You want to be the mousy guy
in the corner that no one notices;
the wallflower.
And finally,
you have to know how to adapt.
Everything that possibly
can go wrong will go wrong,
so you have to remain
unshaken, confident,
and you've got to do what you can do
to keep that surveillance running,
stay covert, continue to blend
and adapt to the situation.
The ability to blend in
when tracking a criminal
is crucial
for FBI information gathering.
But what happens
when there is a breach of intelligence?
What does the FBI do
when a special agent
turns into a double agent
and becomes an international spy?
On June 27, 2010,
FBI agents arrested ten members
of a Russian spy ring
that operated in Massachusetts,
Virginia and New York.
The arrests came after
a seven-year investigation
that included deep cover agents
involved in a counterintelligence
operation called Ghost Stories.
The FBI used a variety
of different surveillance techniques,
everything from
fixed surveillance cameras,
down to videos
and microphones hidden in backpacks
that they would set up in cafes.
Among the spies taken into custody
was Russian national Anna Chapman,
a fashionable 28-year-old the media
dubbed a modern-day Mata Hari.
The FBI claimed that neither Chapman
nor her co-conspirators
were an immediate threat
to U.S. security.
Could the arrests that day
have been designed to serve
a more secret purpose?
Weeks after the arrests,
the U.S. traded the Russians
for four operatives
being held on spy charges
in the former Soviet Union.
One of the four men
handed over to the U.S.
was Alexander Zaporozhsky.
Many believe Zaporozhsky
secretly helped
take down a rogue FBI agent
who committed one of the worst
security breaches in U.S. history.
They knew
that there was a traitor somewhere.
So the FBI started looking at sources
that could give us information
that would lead us to this traitor
in our midst, and they found one,
who provided a folder
of information from Russia
that had some evidence
that led to Robert Hanssen.
Robert Hanssen
is the most dangerous and deadly traitor
the FBI has ever had.
He was a career agent,
who had spent decades
spying for the Soviet Union,
then the Russians,
without any notice...
and rising to actually become
one of the highest-ranking agents
studying the Russians.
For 22 years,
Hanssen had secretly supplied
the Soviets and Russians
with sensitive information
on U.S. security,
as well as intelligence on KGB agents
working for the Americans.
He knew how
counterintelligence worked.
He knew what the strengths were,
and he knew what the Achilles' heel
of counterintelligence was.
Not just the FBI,
but any counterintelligence service.
The Soviets didn't even know
who he was.
Because Hanssen was good.
He knew how to cover his tracks,
'cause he was in the game.
The FBI had strategies
for dealing with double agents,
but were they prepared for a traitor
as high up
in the organization as Hanssen?
What kind of a trap did they use
to take down a spy
as skilled as a real-life Jason Bourne?
They created a new division called
Information Assurance,
they put him in charge of it,
and they decided that what we'll do
is give him access to everything.
And if we give him access
to everything,
he'll be the kid in the candy store
with no one minding the shop,
who just can't resist reaching up
and stealing something.
So, I was offered the job,
told that you're going to work
with Robert Hanssen, investigate him,
take orders from a senior agent
who's going to be handing down
what she wants you to do.
And if they had used a trained,
face-to-face agent to do the job,
Hanssen might have noticed
all of the different tips and tricks
that someone
who's trained to do this might do.
I had to make him feel comfortable.
And I did that by talking with him,
making him feel
that I wasn't investigating him,
making him feel confident
that the Information Assurance section
was a real division,
that he had a real person who worked
for him who wanted it to succeed
and wanted him to succeed
so that we could continue to be
a functional part of the FBI.
By 1998,
the CIA and FBI were working together
to confirm their suspicion
that Hanssen was selling secrets.
But how do special agents
secretly investigate one of their own?
How do you trap someone
who knows all of the same tricks
of the trade as you?
And what could
undercover agent Eric O'Neill do
to catch Hanssen red-handed?
You start looking
for those sort of things that they do
to make sure that an investigator
might not find the information
that they want to hide.
And his was a Palm Pilot.
I went through the bag,
grabbed the Palm Pilot,
ran down two flights of steps
to where we had a team waiting,
and they copied it.
And it turns out that on that Palm Pilot,
we were not only able to find,
the day that he was going
to make the drop
but where he was going
to make it.
So we were able to put a team
at that drop site ahead of him
and caught him red-handed,
in the act of espionage.
On February 18, 2001,
Robert Hanssen was arrested
and charged with 13 counts of espionage.
Five weeks from retirement,
the rogue agent was getting ready
to exit the agency with a pension
and an estimated $1.4 million in cash
from the Russians.
After Hanssen's arrest,
the FBI released a list
of the secret intelligence
the former agent sold to the Soviets
and Russians from 1979 to 2001.
During that time, he gave up
some of the most egregious secrets
that have been given up by a spy.
Included were the names
of double agents,
military strategies,
and details of a secret location
where American leaders would be hidden
during a national crisis.
Robert Hanssen sold secrets
that cost people's lives,
that cost operations,
cost taxpayers billions of dollars,
and the United States has probably
never had a more dangerous spy
in its 200-year history.
When one of your own
turns out to betray
an organization like the FBI,
it just shakes
the whole organization to the core.
The events of September 11, 2001,
not only changed how the U.S. responds
to terrorist attacks,
it influenced the way America
now defends itself
against potential threats.
Like many government
and law enforcement agencies,
the events of 9/11
forced the FBI to reinvent itself.
Now preventing terrorism
became the number one priority.
The common thinking after 9/11,
in the weeks and months that followed
if there was another terrorist attack,
the FBI was going to be history.
And so they needed to change the FBI
to make sure that that didn't happen.
Once the bomb goes off
or once the bug gets loose, it's too late.
So you want to find out
what the bad folks are up to,
and then put together a strategy
to stop it before it happens.
9/11 was a game changer.
It required us now to share information.
It required us to work on
analyzing intelligence together.
After nearly a century
of working in secrecy,
the FBI created
a revolutionary new security unit
called the Joint Terrorism
Task Force.
The JTTF put local,
state and federal officials
on the same team for the first time.
This is a secret
the public really doesn't know about,
but the FBI,
even inside its own agency,
they could not share information
between agents who gathered information
in an intelligence capacity,
in other words, trying to just figure out
who the bad guys are
that might be attacking our country,
and then agents
working on criminal cases,
investigating crimes
after they'd occurred.
We were forbidden by law
from sharing that information.
Agents sitting next to one another
in the FBI office,
couldn't talk about these cases.
Today there is
a Joint Terrorism Task Force team
in every major U.S. city.
They meet secretly,
in undercover offices
code-named fusion centers.
Fusion centers
are these shadowy organizations
that combine state,
local and federal officials
to share intelligence
and try to identify threats.
Most people have never heard of them,
and if the FBI has its way,
most people never will.
I think what the American
public would find really interesting
is that they could be
walking past the fusion center
and not even know it's there.
Everybody who works in those centers
has a top secret clearance.
Police officers next to sheriffs
next to FBI agents,
all working on the same cases,
all collecting and analyzing data,
something that didn't happen
a decade ago,
that has really changed the way
that we do things.
But how does the FBI use information
gathered by law enforcement agencies
to look into the future
and predict an attack?
And once a plot is discovered,
at what point does the FBI step in
and prevent it from occurring?
Rather than wait
for something to happen
and then try to find the bad guys,
the emphasis now
is much more infiltration,
information analysis
and disrupting operations
before they ever get off the ground.
August 2005.
Local police in Torrance, California,
call in the Los Angeles JTTF
after finding questionable information
in a wallet and cell phone
dropped by one of the suspects
at the scene of a gas station robbery.
But why was the L.A. task force
investigating a crime
that, on the surface,
seemed to be petty?
The wallet belonged
to Gregory Vernon Patterson,
an employee of a duty-free shop
at Los Angeles International Airport.
But when they searched Patterson's home,
they were alarmed.
But what did they find?
When they did
the search warrant on the location,
you would think we're looking for
the proceeds or profits of robberies,
but when they got in there
and they saw maps,
and laptops,
and automatic weapons,
and a whole host of things
that suggested this was more than
a group of guys out doing robberies.
Data stored
on Patterson's mobile phone
led the JTTF to a terrorist cell
that had formed in Folsom Prison.
They called themselves JIS,
which was translated as
the Assembly of Authentic Islam.
Very interesting collection of actors.
You had Kevin James,
who was at Folsom Prison.
Levar Washington,
who was there with him,
and they formed a cell of four people.
They came out of prison,
they connected with an individual
who was a Pakistani National
named Hamad Samana.
Levar Washington
was being interviewed
and spoke fluent Arabic
and said he was from Sudan.
When one of the JTTF members
saw some tattoos,
ran them through
the computer system
and realized that Washington
was a Los Angeles
Rollin 60's Crip gang member
who was now fluent
and self-taught in Arabic in prison,
and part of this cell.
These guys were out
doing gas station robberies
trying to collect the necessary money
they needed for ammunition
because they were going
to be active shooters at LAX.
They were going to target
the El Al ticket counter,
which is the official airline
of the state of Israel.
They were going to target
the Israeli Consulate
on Wilshire Boulevard,
two National Guard
recruiting centers,
and three synagogues
in the Los Angeles area.
In the FBI's eyes,
if you never hear
of the Assembly of Authentic Islam,
they've done their jobs.
By sharing information
with dozens of U.S. law enforcement
and intelligence agencies,
the FBI's Joint Terrorism Task Force
has successfully broken up cells
in more than seven American cities,
potentially saving the lives
of thousands of unsuspecting people.
This particular operation, we believe,
is one of the closest ones we've had
since 9/11 to going operational
and this is living proof of why a JTTF
is necessary and what it can do.
The record that the FBI
has amassed since 9/11,
that we went a decade without
a single U.S. civilian being killed
in a terror attack in the United States
is just an impressive record
of achievement.
Business Week reported
that college students
have consistently ranked
the FBI as one
of America's "Hottest Employers."
And even though the job demands
that recruits put their lives
on the line every single day,
Students recently voted the agency
as the third most desirable place to work
after Google
and the Walt Disney Company.
The FBI loves recruits
who know science,
who know foreign languages,
who know computers,
who are invested
in the high-tech 21st-century world.
The FBI has no trouble
recruiting.
In fact, the competition
to become an FBI agent
is as great as getting into Harvard.
It's a secret club.
So when you become an FBI agent,
you've immediately got
what we call the FBI family.
And you know, your whole life,
that that's who you are
and who your people are.
But how does the FBI
select its elite group of agents
from the tens of thousands
of applications they receive?
Are there secret qualifications
they look for?
And how do they know
who can ultimately be trusted?
You want someone
who's a logical thinker
and a hard worker and a self-starter.
That's what the FBI looks for.
You have to be good on your feet,
quick on your feet.
You have to be a good actor
and you have to be able to blend in
and walk that fine line
between non-criminal activity
and criminal activity.
And sometimes it's a very fine line.
The one criteria that you've got
for the people that I've met
is they don't believe they can fail.
The FBI hiring process
includes a battery of interviews,
security checks, drug testing,
psychological evaluation,
and even a polygraph test.
The FBI doesn't specifically
say, "We want to intimidate you."
What they want to do
is test your resolve,
test your ability
to withstand pressure,
your ability to multi-task.
Qualified recruits
are sent to the FBI Academy
in Quantico, Virginia, for a 20-week
intensive training program.
Studies include national security
and criminal investigation,
Constitutional law,
interrogation techniques,
and firearms training.
You spend time doing,
really, three things.
You're in the classroom,
you're in the gym,
and you're on the range.
It was very, very rigorous.
We had block exams.
Those were our academic
coursework exams.
If you did not meet
the minimum standard score,
you had a chance
to repeat that exam.
If you didn't meet the score
the second time,
you were on a plane home.
If you didn't qualify on the range,
you'd be on a plane home,
and same with physical training.
To prepare the agents-in-training
for real-life, high-pressure scenarios,
recruits are thrown into Hogan's Alley,
or what the FBI calls
"the most violent town in America."
Don't move!
The mock town includes
a hotel, a pool hall, and a bank,
and it's inhabited with actors
who are skilled in the art
of misdemeanors and felonies.
It's a 10-acre spread
that's a training ground for FBI agents
to go out and make arrests,
to do investigations in real life.
That bank is robbed
more than any other bank in the world.
It gets robbed just about every day.
Those who pass the 20-week program
and are judged to be models
of the Bureau's core values
are invited to join the FBI,
but there is one last requirement
before officially becoming an agent.
As a condition to joining the FBI,
agents agree not to reveal any secrets.
In addition,
if the information is classified,
then it would be a violation of federal
law to reveal those secrets.
When they graduate,
agents also take an Oath of Office,
agreeing to defend
the Constitution of the United States
against all enemies,
foreign and domestic.
But why does the Bureau
keep new agents in the dark
about where they are going
and what they might be doing?
You have no notion of where
you might be assigned as a new agent.
I came in as a police officer thinking
that when I got out of the Academy
I might be assigned
to the Fugitive Squad
or the Bank Robbery Squad,
and I wound up being assigned
to Foreign Counterintelligence
and Terrorism.
So you just never know.
When Hoover was the director,
there was a policy of new agents
not going back to their office of origin,
so that all ties
with anyone that you might know,
anything that would put an agent
in a situation
where he might be compromised
or subject to corruption was removed
because you were transferred
to a place
where you didn't know anybody.
A former Special Agent,
Erroll Southers
served most
of his FBI career undercover.
The hardest part
of being an undercover agent
is not having contact with the people
that are your FBI family.
You couldn't exactly go
and play softball
with people from the office,
because you never knew
who was watching you.
The biggest fear is running
into someone who knows you,
and them coming up
and saying my name,
or talking about something
with people that were with me
in a way that would compromise
the operation.
You spend a lot of time alone,
and that's probably
one of the toughest things.
It's a tough job.
May 26, 2010.
FBI agents arrest
an Army Intelligence Analyst,
Private Bradley E. Manning.
He had downloaded over a quarter
of a million classified documents
and military video footage
and given it all to WikiLeaks,
an on-line organization,
based overseas,
dedicated to exposing
U.S. government secrets.
This headline-making case
made it clear to all
that in the 21st Century,
the FBI has a whole new class
of criminal to police,
one that operates invisibly
in the digital domain,
and who, with one click of the mouse,
can cause military confusion,
financial ruin or civil chaos.
The FBI's fastest-growing part today
is its cyber branch.
Cybercrime is a huge issue today.
What we've seen over the years
is an increasing capability of the hackers
and the cyber criminals to stay
one step ahead of law enforcement.
Companies are getting their
computers hacked into on a daily basis.
Fraud is a regular part of their lives.
And if they can't protect
their computers,
what's going to stop a hacker
from bringing a terrorist act
into the cyber network?
But what is the cybercrime,
the digital doomsday scenario,
that the FBI most fears?
The FBI believes that the biggest threat
to the nation today
is either a weapon of mass destruction
or a cyberattack.
The ability to take down
the nation's power grid,
to take down a city's water system
is very real
and something that the FBI
is concerned about every single day.
Imagine if the electrical power
grid in New York
is shut down for any length of time,
what kind of ramifications
that would have.
The FBI every day, every minute,
is trying to monitor
the nation's critical infrastructure,
both by working with private corporations,
as well as keeping its own watch
in cyberspace
about who's trying to attack us.
According to the Bureau,
a cyber doomsday scenario
could start with a virtual Trojan horse,
spyware hidden
inside a free smart phone app.
The FBI is concerned
that this could infect
millions of other electronic devices
and lead to anything
from a shutdown of the U.S. economy
to an interference of the GPS signals
the military needs to guide troops
and aircraft to nationwide blackouts.
But if the worst does happen,
how can the FBI
find the perpetrator?
What covert tools and technologies
does the Bureau have
to combat cybercrime?
What's amazing
about cybercrime cases
is that the FBI
almost has to solve the case
before they know whether they're dealing
with a terrorist organization,
a criminal group,
a foreign government,
an organized hacker
or a teenager down the street.
In the old days,
which weren't that long ago,
you know, it was shoe leather.
You went out
and got one piece of information,
which led to another,
which led to another.
Now you can go at light speed
on the Internet,
a few clicks,
someone's Facebook account,
you can get
lots of information very quickly.
It's all out there
and it saves a lot on the wingtips
when you just can do it
right from your desk.
We are living
in a hyper-connected society.
And the social network
that we're all part of,
we're all linked
in a way that makes it quite interesting
and challenging for law enforcement
to put those links together.
Of course, Facebook,
Twitter and YouTube
aren't the only new weapons
in the Bureau's 21st-Century arsenal.
The FBI has developed
its own software
to uncover subversive social networks
and to connect the dots
between individuals of interest.
The capability of the government
to monitor computers, to observe,
to surveil people
and monitor their computer activities,
it's really quite tremendous.
If you go back and look at,
specifically, 9/11,
we see people
in the last several years
that we didn't know had connectivity
to some of those hijackers
when they were here
in the United States in 2000.
Now we are able to do that.
That is very, very important,
because what might not be obvious
are those people
that have no criminal histories.
But because of the network they're in,
it might be worth looking at.
At the end of the day,
all intelligence really needs
to point to the human being.
We've got to start
to become a lot better
at finding the bomber
and not the bomb.
We want to see people when they're
sitting in their apartment building,
and not when they're at the airport.
But software and social networking sites
are only a fraction of how
the FBI is using computer science.
These digital detectives are now able
to find data in your electronic equipment
just as efficiently as their forensic
scientist counterparts analyze DNA.
Concealed in secret locations
across the country
are 16 state-of-the-art
Computer Crime Labs
where specialists analyze
what's known as digital evidence.
The FBI's cyber labs
and its regional computer forensic
laboratories
are some of the most secretive parts
of the FBI today.
They are high-tech, cutting-edge,
and they're hidden in plain sight
all over the United States.
At any one of these
regional computer forensics labs,
computers, cameras and phones
can be scoured for vital clues
that might solve a crime.
Digital evidence is becoming a bigger
and bigger part of the FBI's world.
These are the e-mail breadcrumbs
or the Internet breadcrumbs
that are left
by our digital lives every day.
Everybody's got a phone
and a computer
and a tablet, and you name it.
That same sort of explosion
is happening now,
and I would say in ten years,
digital evidence is going to be
where DNA is now.
We won't be able to even consider
a simple crime
without thinking about
some form of digital evidence
assisting that investigation.
As the law enforcement needs
of the nation have grown,
so, too, has the Bureau.
But despite its global reach
and resources,
the FBI's greatest strength is perhaps
its ability to keep America safe
by keeping its crime-fighting tactics
secret.
The FBI today is a 21st-Century
high-tech organization
that uses cutting-edge technology,
much of which is still secret
to the rest of us.
There are many secrets.
Secrets of espionage and secrets of crime
and secrets of terrorism.
Secrets of psychology
and secrets of sociology,
and the FBI is in the middle
of all of that.
In terms of an investigative technique,
we'll probably keep that secret,
primarily 'cause we don't want
the bad guys to know about it.
In less than a century,
the Federal Bureau of Investigation
has grown from a handful
of unarmed agents
with special powers
to enforce U.S. laws nationwide,
to a formidable international operation.
And while their methods can be covert,
their mission is clear:
to uphold America's laws
and protect
the citizens of the United States.