"Это файл не формата srt. - /app/storage/subs/7/3/4/7/1957557437.gz" // resources/functions.php:79

"""
Вот содержимое файла - WEBVTT\n
\n
00:00:19.491 --> 00:00:25.741\n
(the sound of a moving streetcar)\n
\n
00:01:09.524 --> 00:01:14.361\n
(peaceful music)\n
\n
00:01:38.400 --> 00:01:43.240\n
There's nothing here to remind me\n
of my birthplace.\n
\n
00:01:43.400 --> 00:01:47.160\n
There was once a beautiful square.\n
Muranowski Square.\n
\n
00:01:47.320 --> 00:01:52.720\n
I remember trees, and benches.\n
\n
00:01:56.440 --> 00:01:58.800\n
I was born in Warsaw,\n
\n
00:01:58.960 --> 00:02:02.400\n
into a traditional Jewish family.\n
\n
00:02:02.680 --> 00:02:06.080\n
I went to a pre-school\n
for Jewish children,\n
\n
00:02:06.240 --> 00:02:08.440\n
where they taught Polish.\n
\n
00:02:08.600 --> 00:02:12.680\n
At home we spoke Yiddish,\n
\n
00:02:12.840 --> 00:02:17.200\n
but I had no problem with Polish,\n
as we spoke that too.\n
\n
00:02:21.640 --> 00:02:25.480\n
My parents and grandparents\n
lived in Warsaw.\n
\n
00:02:25.640 --> 00:02:29.120\n
We lived at 91 Zelazna Street.\n
\n
00:02:30.320 --> 00:02:33.760\n
By the gate was a tiny shop,\n
\n
00:02:34.400 --> 00:02:37.280\n
owned by a Jew, our neighbor.\n
\n
00:02:39.680 --> 00:02:42.320\n
He used to impress us kids\n
\n
00:02:42.480 --> 00:02:46.960\n
by pretending to stitch\n
his fingers together with a needle.\n
\n
00:02:47.160 --> 00:02:49.160\n
We'd be horrified.\n
\n
00:02:51.120 --> 00:02:54.120\n
He had a daughter Lonia,\n
\n
00:02:54.280 --> 00:02:58.120\n
who was a friend of my sister,\n
\n
00:02:58.840 --> 00:03:04.280\n
and we lived\n
just like normal neighbors.\n
\n
00:03:12.160 --> 00:03:15.880\n
My mother was from Warsaw.\n
\n
00:03:16.040 --> 00:03:20.720\n
Her family had lived there\n
for hundreds of years.\n
\n
00:03:23.080 --> 00:03:26.360\n
Nowolipie - that was my street.\n
\n
00:03:26.721 --> 00:03:31.440\n
I often see it more clearly\n
than the Warsaw around me today.\n
\n
00:03:31.600 --> 00:03:34.178\n
It's still the same in my mind.\n
\n
00:03:34.920 --> 00:03:40.040\n
In the morning,\n
warm pretzels would be delivered -\n
\n
00:03:40.200 --> 00:03:43.120\n
they were called bagels.\n
\n
00:03:43.280 --> 00:03:46.280\n
You won't find bagels like those\n
today.\n
\n
00:03:46.440 --> 00:03:50.400\n
You could take one and untwist it.\n
\n
00:03:53.320 --> 00:03:56.960\n
My parents lived\n
at 49 Marszalkowska St.\n
\n
00:03:58.320 --> 00:04:01.480\n
It was a so-called\n
good neighborhood.\n
\n
00:04:02.200 --> 00:04:06.520\n
My nanny would take me\n
to the Church of the Holiest Savior.\n
\n
00:04:06.680 --> 00:04:10.120\n
I remember we had to recite prayers.\n
\n
00:04:10.280 --> 00:04:14.000\n
Some children would say\n
they didn't know the prayers.\n
\n
00:04:14.160 --> 00:04:17.600\n
And I would say I did,\n
because my nanny taught me.\n
\n
00:04:20.040 --> 00:04:23.480\n
It was in the Jordan Garden\n
on Bagatela St.\n
\n
00:04:23.640 --> 00:04:27.640\n
That the War began for me.\n
\n
00:04:27.800 --> 00:04:31.400\n
I was sitting in a sand box,\n
and my mum came over.\n
\n
00:04:31.560 --> 00:04:36.000\n
There was a war on, she said,\n
and what were we going to do now?\n
\n
00:04:36.504 --> 00:04:41.199\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:05:10.542 --> 00:05:14.833\n
It’s the special quality\n
of the Nazi system.\n
\n
00:05:15.750 --> 00:05:20.667\n
People who had the energy to\n
develop something,\n
\n
00:05:20.833 --> 00:05:23.708\n
had the power to do it.\n
\n
00:05:25.270 --> 00:05:29.832\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:05:30.625 --> 00:05:34.583\n
When Mr. Dengel took over in Warsaw,\n
\n
00:05:34.858 --> 00:05:38.333\n
in early December ‘39\n
he had the idea\n
\n
00:05:38.500 --> 00:05:42.292\n
to invite Hubert Gross\n
\n
00:05:42.458 --> 00:05:48.000\n
to come to Warsaw and build\n
a German "Construction Department".\n
\n
00:05:49.292 --> 00:05:53.542\n
Hubert Gross was the architect who was\n
\n
00:05:53.875 --> 00:05:58.958\n
at that time head of the town\n
planning office in Wurtzburg.\n
\n
00:06:00.708 --> 00:06:04.583\n
Gross joined the party in May ‘33\n
\n
00:06:04.750 --> 00:06:08.083\n
knowing that something great\n
is coming up.\n
\n
00:06:10.667 --> 00:06:15.833\n
In contrast, my father, who became\n
the chief architect of Hamburg,\n
\n
00:06:16.167 --> 00:06:20.167\n
joined the party like in fact most\n
\n
00:06:20.333 --> 00:06:26.208\n
architects in Germany on 1st May, 1937.\n
\n
00:06:28.417 --> 00:06:31.833\n
I started to call myself a\n
private detective\n
\n
00:06:32.583 --> 00:06:35.458\n
and I was searching for\n
the German architects\n
\n
00:06:35.625 --> 00:06:38.208\n
who worked in Poland during the War.\n
\n
00:06:39.208 --> 00:06:43.458\n
Gross upon the advice of\n
Mr. Dengel developed a dream\n
\n
00:06:43.795 --> 00:06:50.255\n
of reducing Warsaw to next to nothing.\n
\n
00:06:50.890 --> 00:06:55.679\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:07:07.720 --> 00:07:12.640\n
On the screen is a visualization\n
from one of my projects.\n
\n
00:07:12.800 --> 00:07:16.200\n
It's based on fascist plans\n
for the construction\n
\n
00:07:16.360 --> 00:07:19.640\n
of a new German city,\n
die Neue Deutsche Stadt Warschau.\n
\n
00:07:19.800 --> 00:07:24.720\n
This is a virtual re-construction\n
of that new Warsaw.\n
\n
00:07:24.880 --> 00:07:27.360\n
This is the city centre.\n
\n
00:07:27.520 --> 00:07:32.200\n
It's a relatively small city.\n
Entrances were to be guarded\n
\n
00:07:32.360 --> 00:07:34.400\n
by watchtowers on all sides.\n
\n
00:07:34.560 --> 00:07:39.560\n
These are the main buildings.\n
\n
00:07:41.440 --> 00:07:44.920\n
On the Praga side,\n
there was to be a district for Poles,\n
\n
00:07:45.080 --> 00:07:49.760\n
who were to be slowly exterminated.\n
The New German City of Warsaw\n
\n
00:07:49.920 --> 00:07:53.960\n
was to be inhabited only by Germans.\n
\n
00:07:54.120 --> 00:07:57.040\n
There was to be no Jewish population.\n
\n
00:07:59.220 --> 00:08:02.680\n
With regard to Warsaw,\n
the Führer has decided\n
\n
00:08:02.840 --> 00:08:05.760\n
that the reconstruction of that\n
city as a major Polish metropolis\n
\n
00:08:05.920 --> 00:08:08.320\n
is absolutely out of the question.\n
\n
00:08:08.520 --> 00:08:12.935\n
The Führer's wish is that in accordance\n
with plans for the development of the\n
\n
00:08:12.960 --> 00:08:17.563\n
General Government territory itself, Warsaw\n
be reduced to the level of a provincial city.\n
\n
00:08:17.760 --> 00:08:22.040\n
From the diary of Governor\n
General Hans Frank.\n
\n
00:08:25.370 --> 00:08:28.753\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:08:33.640 --> 00:08:39.160\n
Once the Germans arrived,\n
the terror began almost right away.\n
\n
00:08:39.191 --> 00:08:42.754\n
The official announcements\n
and notices...\n
\n
00:08:42.800 --> 00:08:46.120\n
Everyone had to hand over\n
all their valuables.\n
\n
00:08:46.280 --> 00:08:50.080\n
Jewelry,\n
\n
00:08:50.240 --> 00:08:55.640\n
radios, cameras, furs.\n
\n
00:08:55.880 --> 00:08:58.600\n
Anything of worth\n
had to be turned in.\n
\n
00:09:00.480 --> 00:09:02.640\n
Jews were identified and\n
\n
00:09:02.800 --> 00:09:06.360\n
forced to wear arm-bands\n
with the star of David.\n
\n
00:09:06.520 --> 00:09:08.520\n
It was very unpleasant.\n
\n
00:09:09.520 --> 00:09:13.480\n
In my mind,\n
\n
00:09:13.640 --> 00:09:16.600\n
this was a form of degradation.\n
\n
00:09:16.760 --> 00:09:19.775\n
At any moment I could be humiliated.\n
\n
00:09:22.040 --> 00:09:25.960\n
In the spring of 1940,\n
consultations were begun\n
\n
00:09:26.120 --> 00:09:31.839\n
with a view to creating one or more Jewish\n
housing districts within the city of Warsaw.\n
\n
00:09:31.864 --> 00:09:36.040\n
In the end, however, it was decided that\n
a single district should be established\n
\n
00:09:36.200 --> 00:09:39.760\n
in the area where Jews\n
were traditionally in the majority.\n
\n
00:09:39.920 --> 00:09:42.320\n
Dr Friedrich Gollert,\n
\n
00:09:42.480 --> 00:09:46.720\n
SS-Untersturmführer,\n
Head, Division of Regional Planning,\n
\n
00:09:46.880 --> 00:09:50.240\n
Office of the Governor\n
of the District of Warsaw.\n
\n
00:09:59.192 --> 00:10:02.535\n
(calm music)\n
\n
00:10:15.079 --> 00:10:18.000\n
Where was the Jewish\n
neighborhood in Warsaw?\n
\n
00:10:18.168 --> 00:10:20.500\n
There were Jewish neighborhoods,\n
\n
00:10:20.667 --> 00:10:26.542\n
Nalewki, Nowolipki\n
where it was almost all Jewish,\n
\n
00:10:26.708 --> 00:10:31.500\n
but when you’re a third of the city,\n
you’re all over the city.\n
\n
00:10:31.667 --> 00:10:35.667\n
And the interaction with non-Jews\n
was a normal daily event.\n
\n
00:10:36.417 --> 00:10:39.708\n
That comes to a crashing halt\n
\n
00:10:39.875 --> 00:10:42.708\n
with the building of the\n
Warsaw Ghetto wall,\n
\n
00:10:42.875 --> 00:10:46.500\n
which goes through the heart\n
of the city and divides\n
\n
00:10:46.667 --> 00:10:52.167\n
Jews from non-Jews as they\n
were never divided before.\n
\n
00:10:58.840 --> 00:11:01.520\n
The wall didn't suddenly appear.\n
\n
00:11:01.720 --> 00:11:03.720\n
Bits and pieces\n
\n
00:11:03.880 --> 00:11:09.320\n
started going up in April 1940.\n
\n
00:11:11.120 --> 00:11:13.360\n
These were sections of wall,\n
\n
00:11:13.520 --> 00:11:17.120\n
or barriers with barbed wire.\n
\n
00:11:17.280 --> 00:11:19.880\n
They popped up in various places.\n
\n
00:11:20.040 --> 00:11:22.680\n
They interfered\n
with people's mobility,\n
\n
00:11:22.840 --> 00:11:26.200\n
but it was still possible\n
to get around them.\n
\n
00:11:26.872 --> 00:11:31.279\n
(calm music)\n
\n
00:11:39.520 --> 00:11:42.040\n
The Schmidt & Münstermann Company\n
\n
00:11:42.200 --> 00:11:45.240\n
Concerning:\n
The Jewish Housing District\n
\n
00:11:45.400 --> 00:11:48.600\n
1 linear meter of border wall\n
\n
00:11:48.760 --> 00:11:52.440\n
is equal to 1.3 cubic meters\n
of wall.\n
\n
00:11:52.600 --> 00:11:56.000\n
Daily requirement for 100 masons:\n
\n
00:11:56.160 --> 00:11:59.320\n
12 cubic meters of white lime,\n
\n
00:11:59.480 --> 00:12:01.840\n
1,500 kg cement,\n
\n
00:12:02.000 --> 00:12:04.440\n
37,000 bricks.\n
\n
00:12:05.880 --> 00:12:08.760\n
I had no idea I was Jewish.\n
\n
00:12:08.960 --> 00:12:13.680\n
So first I was asking:\n
Why do we have to move?\n
\n
00:12:13.840 --> 00:12:17.000\n
And later: What does it mean\n
that I'm Jewish,\n
\n
00:12:17.160 --> 00:12:21.520\n
and why do we have to leave\n
our home?\n
\n
00:12:24.833 --> 00:12:29.419\n
(dramatic music)\n
\n
00:12:49.023 --> 00:12:51.255\n
When we arrived in the Ghetto,\n
\n
00:12:51.280 --> 00:12:55.840\n
the first thing I saw\n
was a horrible poster.\n
\n
00:12:56.520 --> 00:13:00.280\n
I didn't want to be\n
like that Jew on the poster.\n
\n
00:13:00.440 --> 00:13:05.560\n
I was distraught at being forced\n
to live there.\n
\n
00:13:05.720 --> 00:13:09.000\n
I thought that every Jew\n
had to look like that,\n
\n
00:13:09.160 --> 00:13:12.360\n
and I was so terribly humiliated\n
by all this\n
\n
00:13:12.520 --> 00:13:17.160\n
that I said to my mum\n
I didn't want to be a Jew anymore,\n
\n
00:13:17.320 --> 00:13:21.320\n
and I wanted to go back\n
to Marszalkowska St.,\n
\n
00:13:21.480 --> 00:13:24.520\n
and why was all this\n
happening anyway?\n
\n
00:13:26.920 --> 00:13:31.520\n
Notice. By order of the District\n
Governor and effective immediately.\n
\n
00:13:31.680 --> 00:13:36.160\n
A self-contained Jewish quarter is\n
to be created in the District of Warsaw\n
\n
00:13:36.320 --> 00:13:40.320\n
with a view to preventing\n
the spread of disease.\n
\n
00:13:42.760 --> 00:13:47.800\n
In the city of Warsaw a boundary running\n
around the Jewish quarter has been established\n
\n
00:13:48.120 --> 00:13:52.440\n
and all border streets are to be\n
simultaneously closed off from it,\n
\n
00:13:52.720 --> 00:13:54.600\n
on both sides, as follows:\n
\n
00:13:55.860 --> 00:13:58.720\n
From Zielna to Krolewska and Zlota.\n
\n
00:13:59.120 --> 00:14:03.120\n
From Zlota to Zielna and Zelazna.\n
\n
00:14:03.240 --> 00:14:07.080\n
From Twarda to Zelazna and Srebrna.\n
\n
00:14:07.240 --> 00:14:11.240\n
From Srebrna to Twarda and Miedziana.\n
\n
00:14:11.400 --> 00:14:19.400\n
From Miedziana to Srebrna and Kazimierz\n
Square. From Kazimierz Square North...\n
\n
00:14:21.660 --> 00:14:26.715\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:15:36.560 --> 00:15:39.240\n
Poles could enter the Ghetto,\n
\n
00:15:39.400 --> 00:15:43.080\n
representatives of companies\n
could enter,\n
\n
00:15:43.240 --> 00:15:46.720\n
and so could city workers.\n
\n
00:15:47.320 --> 00:15:50.800\n
Basically, it was\n
for official matters.\n
\n
00:15:52.880 --> 00:15:57.080\n
We already lived\n
in the area that was now the Ghetto,\n
\n
00:15:57.240 --> 00:16:00.960\n
as Muranowski Square\n
fell within the Big Ghetto.\n
\n
00:16:01.360 --> 00:16:05.720\n
However, Jews who lived\n
outside the Ghetto\n
\n
00:16:05.880 --> 00:16:07.960\n
had to move in,\n
\n
00:16:08.120 --> 00:16:12.320\n
and Poles who lived in the Ghetto\n
had to move out.\n
\n
00:16:12.480 --> 00:16:15.640\n
This led to very painful situations\n
for people.\n
\n
00:16:15.800 --> 00:16:18.400\n
They left their homes,\n
\n
00:16:18.920 --> 00:16:24.560\n
their furniture and possessions,\n
carrying only a few small bundles.\n
\n
00:16:24.720 --> 00:16:27.000\n
The Ghetto became very crowded.\n
\n
00:16:32.440 --> 00:16:36.520\n
We see images of the expulsion\n
of the Jewish community.\n
\n
00:16:37.600 --> 00:16:41.480\n
Something similar happened\n
the other way around too.\n
\n
00:16:43.200 --> 00:16:47.200\n
There were tens of thousands\n
of people like us.\n
\n
00:16:53.720 --> 00:16:56.440\n
I remember sitting on a cart,\n
\n
00:16:56.600 --> 00:16:59.080\n
full of our things.\n
\n
00:16:59.240 --> 00:17:04.640\n
We were thrown out of Zelazna,\n
because the Ghetto was created there.\n
\n
00:17:04.800 --> 00:17:10.200\n
We were moved to Brzeska Street,\n
number 5, apartment 110.\n
\n
00:17:10.360 --> 00:17:12.320\n
It was a ruin.\n
\n
00:17:14.080 --> 00:17:18.440\n
Measures involved the resettlement\n
of around 700 Ethnic Germans,\n
\n
00:17:18.600 --> 00:17:23.480\n
113,000 Poles and 138,000 Jews.\n
\n
00:17:24.740 --> 00:17:28.440\n
The Warsaw Jewish housing district\n
is an enclosed area,\n
\n
00:17:28.800 --> 00:17:32.120\n
cut off from its surroundings\n
by walls, fences, and so on.\n
\n
00:17:32.920 --> 00:17:38.960\n
Movement of persons and goods in and out\n
of the area is by special permit only.\n
\n
00:17:39.680 --> 00:17:41.120\n
Dr Friedrich Gollert,\n
\n
00:17:41.920 --> 00:17:46.080\n
SS-Untersturmführer,\n
Head, Division of Regional Planning,\n
\n
00:17:46.240 --> 00:17:49.840\n
Office of the Governor\n
of the District of Warsaw.\n
\n
00:17:50.840 --> 00:17:53.640\n
For people like me,\n
\n
00:17:53.800 --> 00:17:57.600\n
being outside the Ghetto wall\n
\n
00:17:57.760 --> 00:18:02.320\n
didn't mean life was easy.\n
\n
00:18:02.720 --> 00:18:06.080\n
We were given a single room\n
to live in.\n
\n
00:18:06.240 --> 00:18:09.840\n
There were five of us.\n
\n
00:18:12.755 --> 00:18:16.169\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:18:18.386 --> 00:18:20.520\n
The Jewish population\n
\n
00:18:20.680 --> 00:18:24.760\n
always looked\n
for contacts outside the Ghetto wall\n
\n
00:18:24.920 --> 00:18:27.760\n
to get food.\n
\n
00:18:27.920 --> 00:18:33.680\n
At first, Lonia came to us\n
on Brzeska St.,\n
\n
00:18:35.560 --> 00:18:40.160\n
though we weren't well off\n
at the time.\n
\n
00:18:40.320 --> 00:18:45.080\n
We were three siblings,\n
my mum, my dad.\n
\n
00:18:45.240 --> 00:18:51.000\n
Dad did smuggling,\n
because there was no other way then.\n
\n
00:18:51.160 --> 00:18:55.240\n
But my mum put aside potatoes\n
\n
00:18:55.400 --> 00:18:57.640\n
and peelings for her.\n
\n
00:18:58.840 --> 00:19:04.040\n
I'm not sure what else she got,\n
but we somehow shared.\n
\n
00:19:07.680 --> 00:19:10.560\n
Later, Lonia stopped coming.\n
\n
00:19:11.400 --> 00:19:14.640\n
Of course, we didn't know why.\n
\n
00:19:20.080 --> 00:19:23.680\n
Father kept rolls of banknotes.\n
\n
00:19:24.000 --> 00:19:27.760\n
I don't know if they were\n
larger denominations then,\n
\n
00:19:27.920 --> 00:19:30.680\n
but the rolls\n
grew smaller and smaller,\n
\n
00:19:30.840 --> 00:19:34.080\n
until there was no money left.\n
\n
00:19:36.040 --> 00:19:40.040\n
After that my sister\n
simply disappeared.\n
\n
00:19:40.200 --> 00:19:44.280\n
I don't know how. She and my father\n
just ceased to exist.\n
\n
00:19:45.240 --> 00:19:50.920\n
I don't remember any farewell\n
\n
00:19:51.080 --> 00:19:53.040\n
or any of the circumstances.\n
\n
00:19:53.200 --> 00:19:57.800\n
Maybe my memory rejected it\n
because it was too terrible.\n
\n
00:19:58.880 --> 00:20:03.950\n
(the noise of moving cars)\n
\n
00:20:09.240 --> 00:20:15.160\n
The city center was cut off,\n
and ceased to function normally.\n
\n
00:20:16.880 --> 00:20:22.520\n
When you see which part of the city\n
made up the Ghetto,\n
\n
00:20:22.680 --> 00:20:25.400\n
you realize it was\n
the heart of Warsaw.\n
\n
00:20:28.520 --> 00:20:31.440\n
If you take into account\n
that the Germans\n
\n
00:20:31.600 --> 00:20:34.480\n
also carved off\n
a piece for themselves,\n
\n
00:20:34.640 --> 00:20:37.360\n
what was left of Warsaw\n
for Varsovians\n
\n
00:20:37.520 --> 00:20:40.200\n
was just a part.\n
\n
00:20:45.880 --> 00:20:51.680\n
There was the German residential\n
district in the south of Warsaw,\n
\n
00:20:52.000 --> 00:20:54.680\n
and this also had a demarcation.\n
\n
00:20:54.833 --> 00:21:02.317\n
And its very clear that nobody\n
else was supposed to live there.\n
\n
00:21:04.760 --> 00:21:07.040\n
The German housing district\n
has been created\n
\n
00:21:07.200 --> 00:21:10.840\n
for the protection of the German\n
population at their request.\n
\n
00:21:13.080 --> 00:21:16.120\n
The Police cannot guarantee Germans\n
living outside of this district\n
\n
00:21:16.340 --> 00:21:21.900\n
the same degree of personal safety as\n
is provided to those living within it.\n
\n
00:21:22.480 --> 00:21:27.400\n
Hans Pfliegner,\n
Nazi Party Stabsamtsleiter, Warsaw\n
\n
00:21:30.120 --> 00:21:35.460\n
Soldiers must not be seen on the street or\n
in any public place in the company of Poles\n
\n
00:21:35.720 --> 00:21:38.600\n
– men or women – nor should\n
they enter restaurants with them.\n
\n
00:21:38.960 --> 00:21:41.680\n
Beware when making acquaintances.\n
\n
00:21:41.840 --> 00:21:44.880\n
You can never be sure\n
who it is you are dealing with.\n
\n
00:21:45.040 --> 00:21:47.700\n
No Pole, and certainly no Jew,\n
\n
00:21:48.000 --> 00:21:50.920\n
can have honest intentions\n
towards a German.\n
\n
00:21:51.080 --> 00:21:54.280\n
From instructions\n
to Soldiers of the Wehrmacht\n
\n
00:21:54.440 --> 00:21:56.720\n
temporarily stationed in Warsaw.\n
\n
00:22:05.147 --> 00:22:09.194\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:23:04.200 --> 00:23:06.480\n
Night and day,\n
\n
00:23:06.640 --> 00:23:09.320\n
by rail, in carts and buses.\n
\n
00:23:10.000 --> 00:23:13.560\n
Jews arrive here\n
from Polish towns and villages.\n
\n
00:23:14.840 --> 00:23:19.140\n
The individual vanishes\n
in this enormous human mass.\n
\n
00:23:22.400 --> 00:23:27.906\n
People are crammed in,\n
individual faces are unrecognizable.\n
\n
00:23:31.716 --> 00:23:36.490\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:23:39.378 --> 00:23:43.909\n
(the sound of a moving streetcar)\n
\n
00:23:50.680 --> 00:23:53.240\n
The German army and civilians\n
must in any event\n
\n
00:23:53.400 --> 00:23:55.840\n
be protected from the Jews,\n
\n
00:23:56.000 --> 00:23:59.640\n
immune carriers of disease bacteria.\n
\n
00:24:00.200 --> 00:24:03.360\n
The separation of Jews from the\n
rest of the population,\n
\n
00:24:03.520 --> 00:24:05.680\n
Polish as well as Ethnic Germans,\n
\n
00:24:05.840 --> 00:24:08.400\n
is a moral and political imperative.\n
\n
00:24:08.560 --> 00:24:11.000\n
Traffic in the center of Warsaw\n
\n
00:24:11.160 --> 00:24:15.640\n
has only been minimally affected by the\n
creation of the Jewish housing district.\n
\n
00:24:15.860 --> 00:24:19.760\n
Above all in the interests of\n
the Wehrmacht and the economy,\n
\n
00:24:20.120 --> 00:24:25.120\n
great care was taken to ensure that certain\n
main thoroughfares would remain crossable\n
\n
00:24:25.280 --> 00:24:27.640\n
without obstruction to through traffic.\n
\n
00:24:28.280 --> 00:24:31.084\n
Waldemar Schön, SS-Standartenführer,\n
\n
00:24:31.120 --> 00:24:34.240\n
Director, Department of Resettlement,\n
\n
00:24:34.620 --> 00:24:37.626\n
Office of the Governor\n
of the District of Warsaw\n
\n
00:24:40.129 --> 00:24:45.989\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:24:50.880 --> 00:24:56.440\n
The German planners divide,\n
and then administer their division.\n
\n
00:24:56.600 --> 00:25:00.840\n
They even designate which streets\n
a tram is to travel along,\n
\n
00:25:01.000 --> 00:25:05.520\n
to shorten its route through\n
the Ghetto, creating two ghettos.\n
\n
00:25:05.680 --> 00:25:09.880\n
It would all be\n
a terrifying mishmash of evil.\n
\n
00:25:20.699 --> 00:25:26.004\n
(knocking noises)\n
\n
00:25:29.280 --> 00:25:33.520\n
Some Ghetto borders\n
changed literally every week.\n
\n
00:25:33.680 --> 00:25:37.520\n
This was the subject of haggling\n
\n
00:25:38.480 --> 00:25:43.200\n
between the city administration\n
and the Ghetto management.\n
\n
00:25:43.360 --> 00:25:47.760\n
Whether a building would stay\n
in the Ghetto or not,\n
\n
00:25:47.920 --> 00:25:51.000\n
especially buildings\n
on the periphery.\n
\n
00:25:53.400 --> 00:25:58.560\n
Chlodna Street ended up\n
dividing the Jewish District.\n
\n
00:25:59.080 --> 00:26:02.400\n
The District was cut into two parts\n
\n
00:26:02.560 --> 00:26:08.120\n
by the critically important tram line\n
that ran along Chlodna.\n
\n
00:26:15.800 --> 00:26:21.440\n
The ghetto was divided into two parts,\n
a small ghetto and a large one.\n
\n
00:26:22.200 --> 00:26:26.400\n
In order for Jews to move back and\n
forth between the small and large ghetto\n
\n
00:26:26.560 --> 00:26:30.480\n
it was necessary to stop\n
the flow of traffic at intervals.\n
\n
00:26:30.640 --> 00:26:32.960\n
Since this was inconvenient\n
for the Germans.\n
\n
00:26:33.120 --> 00:26:37.443\n
Jews were given permission to cross\n
over as infrequently as possible.\n
\n
00:26:38.530 --> 00:26:41.905\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:26:47.320 --> 00:26:50.560\n
As I walked along Zelazna,\n
I would see from a distance\n
\n
00:26:50.720 --> 00:26:53.120\n
the crowd milling\n
at the corner of Chlodna.\n
\n
00:26:53.280 --> 00:26:57.920\n
People would be shifting restlessly\n
on the spot waiting for the German police\n
\n
00:26:58.120 --> 00:27:01.120\n
to decide when the traffic on Chlodna\n
was light enough,\n
\n
00:27:01.380 --> 00:27:06.880\n
and the crowd on Zelazna thick enough to\n
warrant letting the Jews across the street.\n
\n
00:27:10.281 --> 00:27:15.000\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:27:18.240 --> 00:27:20.160\n
When the moment finally came,\n
\n
00:27:20.320 --> 00:27:22.500\n
the police cordon would part\n
\n
00:27:22.700 --> 00:27:26.700\n
and the impatient crowd would surge\n
forward in both directions,\n
\n
00:27:26.950 --> 00:27:32.320\n
pushing each other over in the panic to distance\n
themselves from the dangerous German presence,\n
\n
00:27:32.480 --> 00:27:36.200\n
and melt once more into the depths\n
of the two ghettos.\n
\n
00:27:44.074 --> 00:27:49.519\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:27:56.126 --> 00:28:00.774\n
(the sound of moving cars)\n
\n
00:28:22.080 --> 00:28:25.600\n
A line in the pavement\n
\n
00:28:25.760 --> 00:28:30.480\n
shows where the Ghetto border ran.\n
\n
00:28:33.880 --> 00:28:37.000\n
How the Ghetto fit into Warsaw.\n
\n
00:28:37.160 --> 00:28:42.360\n
Not as an isolated island,\n
surrounded by the unknown,\n
\n
00:28:42.520 --> 00:28:45.000\n
but in the context of the city.\n
\n
00:28:46.000 --> 00:28:51.040\n
On each plaque\n
there is a nail showing where we are.\n
\n
00:28:53.280 --> 00:28:55.920\n
A part of downtown Warsaw\n
\n
00:28:56.200 --> 00:29:00.320\n
was torn away,\n
so this part is raised.\n
\n
00:29:08.160 --> 00:29:12.240\n
Our intention -\n
Tomasz Lec's and mine -\n
\n
00:29:12.400 --> 00:29:17.200\n
was to show the Ghetto in real space,\n
\n
00:29:17.360 --> 00:29:20.560\n
how it was,\n
and where the boundary ran.\n
\n
00:29:22.937 --> 00:29:27.062\n
(the sound of a bicycle riding)\n
\n
00:29:30.417 --> 00:29:34.880\n
I think very important was when the City\n
of Warsaw put down kind of the boundaries,\n
\n
00:29:35.010 --> 00:29:40.000\n
in the sidewalk, you see I’m in the Ghetto,\n
I’m out of the Ghetto, with a little plaque.\n
\n
00:29:40.120 --> 00:29:46.120\n
Very important. It’s there,\n
it’s not a tall monument,\n
\n
00:29:46.240 --> 00:29:49.630\n
but it’s there when you want\n
to see it, you’re reminded.\n
\n
00:29:53.680 --> 00:29:57.860\n
The streets of the ghetto -\n
and they alone - ended in walls.\n
\n
00:30:00.160 --> 00:30:04.040\n
Sometimes, I would be heading\n
unsuspectingly in a particular direction,\n
\n
00:30:04.200 --> 00:30:08.000\n
when suddenly, without warning, I\n
would come up against one of these walls.\n
\n
00:30:08.320 --> 00:30:14.680\n
My way would be blocked, yet\n
everything in me wanted to keep on going,\n
\n
00:30:14.780 --> 00:30:17.880\n
and there was no logical reason\n
why I should not be able to do so.\n
\n
00:30:20.000 --> 00:30:22.780\n
In that instant, the street\n
on the other side of the wall\n
\n
00:30:23.000 --> 00:30:26.440\n
would become irresistible, necessary\n
\n
00:30:26.580 --> 00:30:29.700\n
the most precious place on earth.\n
\n
00:30:32.880 --> 00:30:34.880\n
There was nothing\n
I wouldn't have given\n
\n
00:30:35.000 --> 00:30:36.520\n
to be part of what was\n
going on there.\n
\n
00:30:37.800 --> 00:30:40.640\n
But it was no use.\n
\n
00:30:40.700 --> 00:30:44.040\n
Time and again, I would give up\n
in defeat and retrace my steps\n
\n
00:30:44.200 --> 00:30:46.560\n
with the same feeling of despair.\n
\n
00:30:50.541 --> 00:30:55.658\n
(street noises)\n
\n
00:31:17.317 --> 00:31:21.512\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:32:50.920 --> 00:32:54.560\n
A Jew who didn't have a lot of money,\n
\n
00:32:55.003 --> 00:33:01.280\n
or didn't have a Pole\n
who was his friend\n
\n
00:33:02.640 --> 00:33:05.000\n
didn't stand a chance.\n
\n
00:33:05.160 --> 00:33:07.960\n
There was nothing he could do.\n
\n
00:33:08.760 --> 00:33:10.920\n
He cared only\n
\n
00:33:11.080 --> 00:33:14.640\n
about what he would eat the next day,\n
\n
00:33:14.800 --> 00:33:17.520\n
and what he would give his children.\n
\n
00:33:18.280 --> 00:33:22.800\n
I was one of those\n
who didn't have anything.\n
\n
00:33:24.440 --> 00:33:29.560\n
Smuggling started immediately.\n
Otherwise you couldn't stay alive.\n
\n
00:33:29.720 --> 00:33:34.480\n
80 percent of food in the ghetto\n
came from smuggling,\n
\n
00:33:34.640 --> 00:33:39.520\n
not from the official suppliers\n
authorized by the Germans.\n
\n
00:33:39.720 --> 00:33:43.720\n
If someone had money,\n
they'd get things in somehow.\n
\n
00:33:43.880 --> 00:33:47.840\n
I once witnessed a tram\n
passing through Muranowski Square,\n
\n
00:33:48.000 --> 00:33:52.000\n
and as it turned,\n
items were thrown out.\n
\n
00:33:52.160 --> 00:33:54.560\n
It couldn't stop in the Ghetto.\n
\n
00:33:54.720 --> 00:33:58.080\n
Trade carried on this way.\n
\n
00:33:58.931 --> 00:34:02.088\n
(dramatic music)\n
\n
00:34:04.520 --> 00:34:08.800\n
Smuggling was an important instance\n
of cooperation\n
\n
00:34:08.960 --> 00:34:12.080\n
between people in the Ghetto,\n
and people outside.\n
\n
00:34:12.776 --> 00:34:18.166\n
(dramatic music)\n
\n
00:34:28.400 --> 00:34:30.560\n
The Mirowski Halls\n
\n
00:34:30.720 --> 00:34:35.160\n
were central to trade.\n
\n
00:34:38.040 --> 00:34:40.440\n
In occupied Warsaw\n
\n
00:34:40.720 --> 00:34:45.720\n
there were products there, and food.\n
\n
00:34:46.120 --> 00:34:48.920\n
The Jewish population\n
\n
00:34:49.080 --> 00:34:53.600\n
was always looking\n
for a chance to obtain food.\n
\n
00:34:55.080 --> 00:35:00.080\n
And Hala Mirowska\n
was one of the parts of the city\n
\n
00:35:00.240 --> 00:35:04.280\n
immediately adjacent to the Ghetto.\n
\n
00:35:05.640 --> 00:35:09.920\n
I remember the Ghetto wall ran there,\n
\n
00:35:10.080 --> 00:35:12.760\n
diagonally across from the Halls.\n
\n
00:35:17.266 --> 00:35:23.024\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:36:18.600 --> 00:36:23.720\n
In some places the ghetto walls did\n
not come right down to the pavement.\n
\n
00:36:24.720 --> 00:36:28.760\n
At regular intervals there were\n
openings at ground level,\n
\n
00:36:28.920 --> 00:36:33.760\n
through which water flowed into\n
drains running alongside the sidewalks.\n
\n
00:36:34.220 --> 00:36:37.960\n
These openings were also used by\n
children, for smuggling.\n
\n
00:36:38.461 --> 00:36:40.095\n
Tiny dark creatures\n
\n
00:36:40.120 --> 00:36:44.960\n
with legs like match-sticks would\n
converge on these openings from all sides.\n
\n
00:36:45.467 --> 00:36:48.975\n
Terrified eyes darted\n
from left to right,\n
\n
00:36:49.000 --> 00:36:52.100\n
and frail paws\n
dragged through bundles\n
\n
00:36:52.500 --> 00:36:55.840\n
that were often bigger than the tiny\n
smugglers themselves.\n
\n
00:36:58.858 --> 00:37:02.405\n
(dramatic music)\n
\n
00:37:53.780 --> 00:37:54.840\n
Notice.\n
\n
00:37:55.560 --> 00:37:58.960\n
Any Jew unlawfully leaving\n
the designated housing district\n
\n
00:37:59.120 --> 00:38:01.120\n
is to be punished by death.\n
\n
00:38:01.300 --> 00:38:03.760\n
The same punishment\n
will apply to persons\n
\n
00:38:03.920 --> 00:38:08.000\n
who consciously protect such Jews\n
or in any way assist them.\n
\n
00:38:09.080 --> 00:38:14.900\n
Warsaw, 10th of November 1941,\n
Dr Fischer, Governor\n
\n
00:38:17.170 --> 00:38:21.076\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:38:23.800 --> 00:38:28.680\n
Sienna is a very important street\n
for me.\n
\n
00:38:29.280 --> 00:38:32.080\n
This is a street I was scared of\n
\n
00:38:32.240 --> 00:38:35.320\n
and I still am to this day.\n
\n
00:38:35.480 --> 00:38:40.200\n
I've never walked this street\n
without feeling afraid.\n
\n
00:38:41.600 --> 00:38:44.760\n
Behind this wall,\n
I spent more than two years\n
\n
00:38:44.920 --> 00:38:47.320\n
in the Ghetto with my family.\n
\n
00:38:48.360 --> 00:38:51.360\n
When I first found myself back here,\n
\n
00:38:51.520 --> 00:38:54.840\n
I began looking obsessively\n
for the hole\n
\n
00:38:55.000 --> 00:38:59.400\n
through which my mum and I\n
had escaped.\n
\n
00:39:00.680 --> 00:39:04.840\n
I just stood here\n
going back in time,\n
\n
00:39:05.000 --> 00:39:08.760\n
trying to figure out\n
where that hole could be.\n
\n
00:39:08.920 --> 00:39:14.120\n
But the hole was probably\n
somewhere else, further on.\n
\n
00:39:17.720 --> 00:39:21.560\n
My mum did something\n
that no normal person would do.\n
\n
00:39:21.720 --> 00:39:26.880\n
After we escaped from the Ghetto,\n
she went with me to the Main Station.\n
\n
00:39:27.040 --> 00:39:30.720\n
She got into the compartment\n
with German officers.\n
\n
00:39:30.880 --> 00:39:33.080\n
Because she spoke good German,\n
\n
00:39:33.240 --> 00:39:37.000\n
she asked if she could sit there\n
with her daughter.\n
\n
00:39:37.160 --> 00:39:38.640\n
They let us in.\n
\n
00:39:42.120 --> 00:39:46.920\n
I wonder if I could've done\n
what my mum did. That was heroic.\n
\n
00:39:53.040 --> 00:39:55.200\n
I see two years\n
\n
00:39:55.400 --> 00:39:59.320\n
of humiliation, imprisonment, hunger\n
\n
00:39:59.480 --> 00:40:01.920\n
and fear behind me.\n
\n
00:40:02.080 --> 00:40:05.040\n
As I said,\n
I'm scared of Sienna Street.\n
\n
00:40:05.200 --> 00:40:10.680\n
I still expect to either see\n
\n
00:40:10.840 --> 00:40:14.480\n
or remember something terrible there.\n
\n
00:40:19.868 --> 00:40:25.001\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:40:48.280 --> 00:40:50.920\n
All around I could see hand carts,\n
\n
00:40:51.920 --> 00:40:55.580\n
and on them bodies of men,\n
women and children,\n
\n
00:40:55.600 --> 00:40:58.480\n
piled carelessly\n
one on top of the other.\n
\n
00:41:01.960 --> 00:41:06.600\n
I became aware of a strange,\n
vaguely sweet and sickening odour\n
\n
00:41:06.760 --> 00:41:08.840\n
I'd never smelled before.\n
\n
00:41:11.640 --> 00:41:13.920\n
A Jewish Policeman explained:\n
\n
00:41:14.680 --> 00:41:18.960\n
"Next to the Jewish cemetery\n
there was once a large field.\n
\n
00:41:20.200 --> 00:41:24.720\n
Today it's one\n
of the biggest mass graves ever,\n
\n
00:41:27.040 --> 00:41:30.920\n
filled with the bodies of Jews\n
from all corners of Europe".\n
\n
00:41:34.180 --> 00:41:36.260\n
Could this be real?\n
\n
00:41:37.100 --> 00:41:43.240\n
How was it possible that a human being\n
of flesh and blood could be allowed to die\n
\n
00:41:43.400 --> 00:41:45.120\n
in such a pitiful fashion?\n
\n
00:42:05.001 --> 00:42:09.142\n
(dramatic music)\n
\n
00:42:27.800 --> 00:42:31.720\n
The German occupation murdered\n
90% of the Jews here.\n
\n
00:42:32.667 --> 00:42:34.500\n
It’s heartbreaking.\n
\n
00:42:34.920 --> 00:42:36.580\n
And then if you could imagine,\n
\n
00:42:36.920 --> 00:42:40.400\n
that not only does the wall go through\n
the heart of the city,\n
\n
00:42:40.550 --> 00:42:42.600\n
right in the middle of a\n
street it stops,\n
\n
00:42:43.180 --> 00:42:44.580\n
but on the other side of that wall,\n
\n
00:42:45.500 --> 00:42:48.000\n
starvation, disease,\n
\n
00:42:48.500 --> 00:42:51.400\n
and very soon after\n
deportation to death.\n
\n
00:42:53.221 --> 00:42:59.143\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:43:03.160 --> 00:43:05.880\n
Treblinka Station\n
\n
00:43:06.600 --> 00:43:10.640\n
On the Tluszcz-Warszawa line,\n
from the station "Warschau-Ost",\n
\n
00:43:10.800 --> 00:43:15.280\n
the tracks stretch out before you,\n
and the train it never swerves.\n
\n
00:43:15.440 --> 00:43:20.240\n
Sometimes the journey lasts\n
five and three-quarter hours,\n
\n
00:43:20.400 --> 00:43:25.720\n
but it can also take a lifetime\n
and last until you die...\n
\n
00:43:25.880 --> 00:43:31.050\n
And the station is a small one\n
with three fir-trees in a row,\n
\n
00:43:31.150 --> 00:43:32.760\n
and the sign is not at all unusual:\n
\n
00:43:32.920 --> 00:43:36.480\n
it says "Treblinka Station",\n
nothing more.\n
\n
00:43:36.720 --> 00:43:40.760\n
It doesn't have a ticket counter,\n
and there's no porter to be found,\n
\n
00:43:40.920 --> 00:43:45.000\n
and not even for a million Zlotys\n
could you purchase a return.\n
\n
00:43:45.160 --> 00:43:49.080\n
No one is waiting on the platform\n
and no one waves a scarf.\n
\n
00:43:49.240 --> 00:43:51.600\n
There's only\n
the heavy sound of silence\n
\n
00:43:51.760 --> 00:43:53.800\n
and mute desolation to welcome you.\n
\n
00:43:53.960 --> 00:43:57.760\n
And the signal post is silent,\n
and the row of fir-trees too,\n
\n
00:43:57.920 --> 00:44:00.560\n
and black lettering\n
informs in silence that‚\n
\n
00:44:00.720 --> 00:44:03.480\n
Treblinka Station is where you are.\n
\n
00:44:06.280 --> 00:44:08.880\n
Resettlement is taking time.\n
\n
00:44:09.040 --> 00:44:13.600\n
At any moment it could pick up speed.\n
The process is not yet complete.\n
\n
00:44:13.760 --> 00:44:17.560\n
These notes are being written\n
out of an instinctive desire\n
\n
00:44:17.720 --> 00:44:19.840\n
to leave behind a trace.\n
\n
00:44:20.600 --> 00:44:24.080\n
Out of a despair that\n
reaches screaming pitch.\n
\n
00:44:24.240 --> 00:44:26.760\n
And to justify still being alive\n
\n
00:44:26.920 --> 00:44:32.200\n
despite the deadly uncertainty.\n
\n
00:44:33.480 --> 00:44:35.920\n
There's a noose around our necks.\n
\n
00:44:36.080 --> 00:44:41.040\n
When the knot slackens,\n
screams escape our throats.\n
\n
00:44:41.480 --> 00:44:47.480\n
Cries like ours have rung out\n
in vain all through history,\n
\n
00:44:48.200 --> 00:44:52.160\n
with only a distant echo heard.\n
\n
00:44:57.505 --> 00:45:03.278\n
(sad music)\n
\n
00:45:13.278 --> 00:45:17.254\n
(the sounds of a moving tram)\n
\n
00:45:25.760 --> 00:45:27.800\n
For security reasons,\n
\n
00:45:27.960 --> 00:45:31.320\n
I order that the ghetto of Warsaw\n
be demolished.\n
\n
00:45:31.800 --> 00:45:36.200\n
All utilizable building parts\n
and other materials of any value,\n
\n
00:45:36.300 --> 00:45:38.600\n
are to first be salvaged.\n
\n
00:45:38.760 --> 00:45:42.960\n
An overal plan for the razing of the ghetto\n
is to be submitted to me.\n
\n
00:45:43.120 --> 00:45:45.880\n
We must in any event ensure\n
that the living-space\n
\n
00:45:46.040 --> 00:45:49.920\n
occupied up until now\n
by 500,000 sub-humans\n
\n
00:45:50.080 --> 00:45:53.000\n
and in no way fit for habitation\n
by Germans,\n
\n
00:45:53.100 --> 00:45:54.920\n
disappears completely.\n
\n
00:45:55.080 --> 00:45:58.080\n
And that Warsaw,\n
this city of one million,\n
\n
00:45:58.240 --> 00:46:01.120\n
always a center\n
of corruption and revolt,\n
\n
00:46:01.280 --> 00:46:03.160\n
is reduced in size.\n
\n
00:46:03.580 --> 00:46:07.200\n
Heinrich Himmler, Reichsführer-SS\n
\n
00:46:10.258 --> 00:46:14.937\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:46:18.320 --> 00:46:21.080\n
In the Ghetto,\n
\n
00:46:21.240 --> 00:46:25.240\n
at the same time\n
as an organized resistance group\n
\n
00:46:25.400 --> 00:46:27.760\n
was preparing to fight,\n
\n
00:46:28.075 --> 00:46:34.940\n
Jews were going into hiding.\n
\n
00:46:37.960 --> 00:46:42.800\n
I descended into that bunker\n
in January '43,\n
\n
00:46:43.240 --> 00:46:45.880\n
and in April the Uprising broke out.\n
\n
00:46:46.040 --> 00:46:49.440\n
My brothers left\n
to take part in the Uprising.\n
\n
00:46:49.600 --> 00:46:54.440\n
This bunker was built\n
around a basement\n
\n
00:46:55.800 --> 00:47:00.200\n
that had been dug deeper,\n
with boarded up sides.\n
\n
00:47:00.360 --> 00:47:04.120\n
The dug out earth\n
was piled up all around,\n
\n
00:47:04.280 --> 00:47:08.320\n
and it provided\n
some kind of insulation.\n
\n
00:47:08.480 --> 00:47:13.720\n
When the fires started, everything\n
in the neighbouring basements\n
\n
00:47:13.880 --> 00:47:17.200\n
collapsed and burned.\n
But this bunker survived.\n
\n
00:47:22.000 --> 00:47:27.920\n
I took part in the Uprising,\n
\n
00:47:28.080 --> 00:47:30.080\n
and I was wounded.\n
\n
00:47:33.680 --> 00:47:36.720\n
I remember 1943,\n
\n
00:47:37.400 --> 00:47:40.800\n
at the end of Nowogrodzka St.\n
I remember seeing\n
\n
00:47:40.960 --> 00:47:45.800\n
uncanny clouds of smoke\n
rising from the north.\n
\n
00:47:45.960 --> 00:47:49.880\n
Fighting in the Ghetto,\n
something happening there.\n
\n
00:47:50.040 --> 00:47:52.680\n
I remember that picture.\n
\n
00:47:56.178 --> 00:48:00.522\n
(dramatic music)\n
\n
00:48:21.680 --> 00:48:24.880\n
The Jewish Quarter of Warsaw\n
is no more.\n
\n
00:48:27.150 --> 00:48:31.583\n
Jürgen Stroop, SS-Gruppenführer\n
\n
00:48:35.440 --> 00:48:38.760\n
It still pains me\n
\n
00:48:38.920 --> 00:48:42.800\n
that after all these years\n
I never got to mourn my family.\n
\n
00:48:42.960 --> 00:48:45.560\n
I never even had time for that.\n
\n
00:48:45.720 --> 00:48:49.880\n
I left everyone. I had six brothers\n
and one sister, parents.\n
\n
00:48:50.040 --> 00:48:53.240\n
I'm the only one\n
who came out of all that.\n
\n
00:48:53.400 --> 00:48:57.000\n
I was left as a witness.\n
If I'd...\n
\n
00:48:57.160 --> 00:48:59.160\n
There would be nobody left.\n
\n
00:48:59.320 --> 00:49:03.320\n
The value of life is that you can\n
bear witness to something.\n
\n
00:49:07.720 --> 00:49:10.160\n
The Goose Street Camp\n
\n
00:49:10.320 --> 00:49:13.760\n
was set up to hold people\n
\n
00:49:13.920 --> 00:49:16.560\n
needed to dismantle the Ghetto.\n
\n
00:49:16.720 --> 00:49:21.160\n
The Ghetto wasn't blown up\n
with dynamite, but disassembled.\n
\n
00:49:22.960 --> 00:49:26.709\n
It was total plunder.\n
\n
00:49:28.427 --> 00:49:32.872\n
And this camp was hell.\n
\n
00:49:34.102 --> 00:49:35.782\n
People died there.\n
\n
00:49:39.040 --> 00:49:42.040\n
On the ruins of the Ghetto,\n
\n
00:49:42.200 --> 00:49:46.040\n
the Germans planned to create\n
\n
00:49:46.200 --> 00:49:48.560\n
a park for Germans.\n
\n
00:49:50.120 --> 00:49:53.400\n
Hence the demolition.\n
\n
00:49:53.560 --> 00:49:59.080\n
The terrain was to be covered over\n
with earth for a paradise garden.\n
\n
00:50:04.375 --> 00:50:07.917\n
The intention was to destroy the capital\n
\n
00:50:08.200 --> 00:50:11.625\n
of what was formerly Poland.\n
\n
00:50:11.950 --> 00:50:17.400\n
That was the main intention to destroy\n
the idea alone of a capital,\n
\n
00:50:17.780 --> 00:50:21.500\n
because there was no more Poland.\n
\n
00:50:26.720 --> 00:50:30.040\n
I was almost a year\n
on the Aryan side.\n
\n
00:50:30.200 --> 00:50:33.640\n
There was a whole network of help.\n
\n
00:50:33.800 --> 00:50:38.000\n
If things got dangerous,\n
someone would come by to lead you on.\n
\n
00:50:38.160 --> 00:50:42.680\n
My sister-in-law and I were\n
taken away to another place.\n
\n
00:50:43.160 --> 00:50:45.280\n
They split us up.\n
\n
00:50:45.440 --> 00:50:49.880\n
The son of the caretaker\n
of the building where my brother was,\n
\n
00:50:50.040 --> 00:50:54.080\n
led the Gestapo to him. They took\n
my brother, and a young boy -\n
\n
00:50:54.240 --> 00:50:57.360\n
little Zygmunt -\n
who had been helping him.\n
\n
00:50:57.520 --> 00:51:02.280\n
And they took away the caretaker,\n
who was looking after my brother.\n
\n
00:51:02.440 --> 00:51:07.080\n
He was the father of the young\n
hooligan who betrayed them all.\n
\n
00:51:07.240 --> 00:51:11.240\n
And at Gestapo HQ my brother,\n
\n
00:51:11.400 --> 00:51:16.280\n
little Zygmunt, and the father -\n
Mr. Grochowski - were all killed.\n
\n
00:51:17.997 --> 00:51:22.848\n
(dramatic music)\n
\n
00:51:28.440 --> 00:51:33.400\n
On the 1st of August 1944,\n
the Uprising broke out.\n
\n
00:51:33.560 --> 00:51:38.160\n
I twice lived\n
through the burning of Warsaw.\n
\n
00:51:40.531 --> 00:51:42.221\n
In 1944,\n
\n
00:51:42.917 --> 00:51:49.667\n
a German architect documented the\n
blowing up of buildings\n
\n
00:51:49.875 --> 00:51:51.480\n
one after the other.\n
\n
00:51:52.600 --> 00:51:55.725\n
It’s very difficult to believe\n
\n
00:51:55.750 --> 00:51:59.208\n
that a person who calls himself\n
an architect,\n
\n
00:51:59.375 --> 00:52:04.000\n
and he writes his designation and\n
his name on these cards,\n
\n
00:52:04.292 --> 00:52:11.838\n
his job is to document that the\n
bombing squads did their job.\n
\n
00:52:13.583 --> 00:52:14.930\n
It has to be proved,\n
\n
00:52:14.955 --> 00:52:17.600\n
that this road and that road,\n
and the next road,\n
\n
00:52:17.900 --> 00:52:21.700\n
one building after the other,\n
gone.\n
\n
00:52:24.800 --> 00:52:28.360\n
All around,\n
the walls were almost red hot,\n
\n
00:52:28.600 --> 00:52:31.760\n
and people were being herded along.\n
\n
00:52:32.440 --> 00:52:35.200\n
From both sides\n
of the burning streets\n
\n
00:52:35.720 --> 00:52:41.360\n
burning debris was coming down.\n
\n
00:52:41.520 --> 00:52:46.200\n
Warsaw was on fire,\n
and you could feel it.\n
\n
00:52:47.265 --> 00:52:51.374\n
(dramatic music)\n
\n
00:53:05.840 --> 00:53:09.720\n
Very early Spring, 1945.\n
\n
00:53:09.880 --> 00:53:14.520\n
On this side of the wall,\n
burnt out buildings,\n
\n
00:53:14.680 --> 00:53:16.960\n
sometimes only half standing.\n
\n
00:53:17.560 --> 00:53:20.400\n
It was a landscape of ruins.\n
\n
00:53:20.560 --> 00:53:25.920\n
But when you entered the area\n
where the Ghetto had been,\n
\n
00:53:26.080 --> 00:53:30.320\n
you'd discover\n
it was more like a desert.\n
\n
00:53:32.280 --> 00:53:37.560\n
I remember running\n
over those hills of rubble.\n
\n
00:53:40.320 --> 00:53:42.880\n
Through those ruins was a pathway\n
\n
00:53:43.079 --> 00:53:49.960\n
and a post with a sign:\n
Nowolipie Street.\n
\n
00:53:51.360 --> 00:53:53.960\n
I counted my steps,\n
\n
00:53:54.120 --> 00:53:57.400\n
hoping to find the remains\n
of my building.\n
\n
00:53:58.720 --> 00:54:00.680\n
And I found it.\n
\n
00:54:00.840 --> 00:54:05.280\n
It had had a gate decorated\n
with yellow tiles.\n
\n
00:54:05.440 --> 00:54:09.040\n
Suddenly, amongst the rubble,\n
I saw yellow tiles.\n
\n
00:54:09.200 --> 00:54:11.400\n
I took one tile for myself.\n
\n
00:54:11.560 --> 00:54:15.040\n
But much later, my wife was packing,\n
\n
00:54:15.200 --> 00:54:19.040\n
and she saw this little piece of wall\n
and threw it out.\n
\n
00:54:19.200 --> 00:54:22.000\n
I don't have it anymore.\n
\n
00:54:23.700 --> 00:54:29.113\n
When Hubert Gross returned\n
to his home town\n
\n
00:54:29.230 --> 00:54:32.066\n
in April ‘45.\n
\n
00:54:32.472 --> 00:54:35.500\n
He came across the hills,\n
\n
00:54:35.657 --> 00:54:41.792\n
saw his home city burning.\n
\n
00:54:44.083 --> 00:54:48.125\n
He took off his uniform,\n
\n
00:54:48.292 --> 00:54:51.542\n
buried it in the woods,\n
\n
00:54:53.167 --> 00:54:59.042\n
and said,\n
“I feel no guilt.”\n
\n
00:54:59.658 --> 00:55:05.000\n
There was in his mind no\n
admission of any guilt.\n
\n
00:55:07.165 --> 00:55:10.400\n
Among those architects whom I met,\n
\n
00:55:10.640 --> 00:55:15.375\n
nobody ever mentioned anything\n
or answered the question\n
\n
00:55:15.400 --> 00:55:18.000\n
why were they there?\n
\n
00:55:18.875 --> 00:55:22.042\n
Whose intention did they fulfill?\n
\n
00:55:22.208 --> 00:55:24.000\n
No answer.\n
\n
00:55:26.726 --> 00:55:29.976\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:55:34.480 --> 00:55:39.440\n
I didn't feel any personal connection\n
to the Ghetto before my mum died.\n
\n
00:55:40.575 --> 00:55:43.055\n
She had shown me this picture,\n
\n
00:55:43.080 --> 00:55:46.720\n
saying that\n
someone from her family was in it.\n
\n
00:55:46.880 --> 00:55:52.120\n
Soon after, a book\n
about the same picture came out.\n
\n
00:55:54.015 --> 00:55:59.815\n
What my mum had told me\n
made me feel I should look into it.\n
\n
00:55:59.840 --> 00:56:02.120\n
From that book I learned\n
\n
00:56:02.280 --> 00:56:05.640\n
that the woman who is visible here,\n
\n
00:56:05.800 --> 00:56:11.200\n
behind this boy with raised hands,\n
is my mum's older sister.\n
\n
00:56:11.360 --> 00:56:15.840\n
I said to myself - this is my aunt.\n
\n
00:56:18.320 --> 00:56:24.200\n
That's when my personal connection\n
to this began.\n
\n
00:56:39.183 --> 00:56:41.183\n
I hope I won't get lost.\n
\n
00:56:41.270 --> 00:56:42.591\n
(laugh)\n
\n
00:56:43.240 --> 00:56:46.960\n
I only found\n
my grandfather's grave recently.\n
\n
00:56:47.120 --> 00:56:51.000\n
Young people had been here,\n
cleaning and refurbishing.\n
\n
00:56:51.160 --> 00:56:56.000\n
Some tombstones were propped up,\n
and that's how I found it.\n
\n
00:56:56.480 --> 00:56:58.680\n
It made me very happy,\n
\n
00:56:58.840 --> 00:57:01.240\n
as this is the only proper place\n
\n
00:57:01.400 --> 00:57:05.798\n
I can come to and light a candle.\n
\n
00:57:11.080 --> 00:57:13.720\n
It was standing all by itself.\n
\n
00:57:13.880 --> 00:57:18.520\n
All around it the stones\n
were knocked down.\n
\n
00:57:23.880 --> 00:57:26.080\n
There it is.\n
\n
00:57:26.240 --> 00:57:29.240\n
This is my grandmother's grave,\n
\n
00:57:29.400 --> 00:57:31.600\n
my father's mother.\n
\n
00:57:31.760 --> 00:57:34.160\n
She died the year I was born.\n
\n
00:57:34.320 --> 00:57:38.920\n
So my mother\n
was three months pregnant with me\n
\n
00:57:39.080 --> 00:57:41.560\n
when the funeral happened here.\n
\n
00:57:43.976 --> 00:57:47.703\n
(sad music)\n
\n
00:58:41.497 --> 00:58:43.097\n
It's here.\n
\n
00:58:47.840 --> 00:58:49.880\n
I didn't bring a candle.\n
\n
00:58:50.040 --> 00:58:52.560\n
This is my grandfather's grave.\n
\n
00:58:54.800 --> 00:58:57.000\n
From this tombstone I learned\n
\n
00:58:57.160 --> 00:58:59.760\n
that he was\n
of the Levite lineage.\n
\n
00:58:59.920 --> 00:59:02.760\n
That's what this image means.\n
\n
00:59:07.040 --> 00:59:10.680\n
Abraham Jehuda, son of Asher.\n
\n
00:59:10.840 --> 00:59:14.000\n
So my great-grandfather's name\n
was Asher.\n
\n
00:59:15.040 --> 00:59:17.880\n
It was an amazing,\n
\n
00:59:18.040 --> 00:59:20.640\n
almost mystical feeling.\n
\n
00:59:20.800 --> 00:59:22.760\n
As if my roots were here.\n
\n
00:59:22.920 --> 00:59:24.880\n
Even now as I'm standing,\n
\n
00:59:25.040 --> 00:59:30.080\n
there's the feeling of continuity\n
\n
00:59:30.240 --> 00:59:33.240\n
and oneness with my grandmother.\n
\n
00:59:38.186 --> 00:59:42.194\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
00:59:54.100 --> 00:59:56.958\n
Why was the cemetery not destroyed?\n
\n
00:59:57.125 --> 01:00:01.375\n
I think the simple answer is that\n
the Germans ran out of time.\n
\n
01:00:02.250 --> 01:00:05.208\n
Their first focus was killing the living,\n
\n
01:00:05.375 --> 01:00:07.875\n
not murdering again the dead.\n
\n
01:00:08.042 --> 01:00:10.183\n
But simply they ran out of time.\n
\n
01:00:13.375 --> 01:00:15.650\n
Of the dozens of major\n
synagogue buildings\n
\n
01:00:15.675 --> 01:00:18.698\n
only one still stands today\n
and that is the Nozyk synagogue.\n
\n
01:00:19.000 --> 01:00:21.250\n
Why this one synagogue survived\n
\n
01:00:21.425 --> 01:00:25.100\n
then we’re already almost\n
getting into mystical answers.\n
\n
01:00:25.230 --> 01:00:30.333\n
The practical answer is that it\n
was already outside of the Ghetto\n
\n
01:00:30.500 --> 01:00:33.110\n
by the time the Uprising\n
began in April of ‘43,\n
\n
01:00:33.240 --> 01:00:36.900\n
and was being used by Germans as\n
a warehouse and a stable for horses.\n
\n
01:00:37.409 --> 01:00:41.300\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
01:00:53.125 --> 01:00:55.708\n
But not all the Jews were killed,\n
\n
01:00:56.292 --> 01:01:00.375\n
and today we have a small,\n
\n
01:01:01.542 --> 01:01:05.220\n
but trying to be creative,\n
\n
01:01:05.400 --> 01:01:09.110\n
trying to be vibrant\n
real Jewish community in Warsaw.\n
\n
01:01:16.432 --> 01:01:21.140\n
After liberation in 1945\n
you couldn’t live in Warsaw really.\n
\n
01:01:21.500 --> 01:01:25.288\n
And slowly trying to rebuild\n
\n
01:01:25.417 --> 01:01:32.000\n
and then getting again undermined\n
by Soviet occupation and oppression.\n
\n
01:01:34.511 --> 01:01:38.777\n
(sad music)\n
\n
01:02:09.320 --> 01:02:13.080\n
It's difficult to imagine\n
what was here before the War.\n
\n
01:02:13.240 --> 01:02:15.520\n
This area has changed so much.\n
\n
01:02:15.680 --> 01:02:19.000\n
Certain streets and squares\n
ceased to exist,\n
\n
01:02:19.160 --> 01:02:22.080\n
names were changed,\n
directions were altered.\n
\n
01:02:22.240 --> 01:02:27.680\n
No more than a dozen or so\n
original buildings survived.\n
\n
01:02:29.507 --> 01:02:31.608\n
(the sound of a working excavator)\n
\n
01:02:35.000 --> 01:02:38.400\n
This space has many dimensions\n
and many layers.\n
\n
01:02:39.160 --> 01:02:42.280\n
What we see underneath\n
is the second layer,\n
\n
01:02:42.440 --> 01:02:46.880\n
which makes itself felt,\n
\n
01:02:47.040 --> 01:02:50.200\n
when workers dig down to place pipes,\n
\n
01:02:50.684 --> 01:02:53.324\n
revealing the remains of old life.\n
\n
01:03:00.440 --> 01:03:04.000\n
This is probably\n
the most unusual place in Warsaw.\n
\n
01:03:04.160 --> 01:03:06.680\n
It was the location of the Ghetto.\n
\n
01:03:06.840 --> 01:03:10.920\n
In 1949, the architect Bohdan Lachert\n
\n
01:03:11.080 --> 01:03:16.040\n
created a housing estate,\n
which was to be a memorial space.\n
\n
01:03:19.000 --> 01:03:22.760\n
New life was supposed to blossom\n
within its walls.\n
\n
01:03:22.920 --> 01:03:25.800\n
What was unique was that buildings\n
\n
01:03:25.960 --> 01:03:31.720\n
were made of rubble-concrete bricks,\n
\n
01:03:31.880 --> 01:03:35.920\n
along with everything else\n
that was in the rubble too,\n
\n
01:03:36.080 --> 01:03:38.160\n
including human remains.\n
\n
01:03:40.080 --> 01:03:43.920\n
Buildings stand\n
on a rubble-concrete base\n
\n
01:03:44.080 --> 01:03:48.960\n
and rise\n
from these strange little hills.\n
\n
01:03:49.120 --> 01:03:53.800\n
In Warsaw, a flat city,\n
this immediately attracts attention.\n
\n
01:03:54.739 --> 01:03:57.559\n
(sad music)\n
\n
01:03:59.000 --> 01:04:03.542\n
People calling me and saying\n
there are spirits in my apartment.\n
\n
01:04:03.708 --> 01:04:07.000\n
I’m in the old Ghetto.\n
Can you do something?\n
\n
01:04:09.202 --> 01:04:12.000\n
Well I have to say\n
that is beyond my competence,\n
\n
01:04:12.342 --> 01:04:14.208\n
but I did go and I said psalms.\n
\n
01:04:14.333 --> 01:04:17.958\n
Because if a person feels\n
I can make them,\n
\n
01:04:18.125 --> 01:04:22.000\n
if I can make someone feel more\n
at peace, I’m happy to do so.\n
\n
01:04:23.187 --> 01:04:28.273\n
(sad music)\n
\n
01:05:18.135 --> 01:05:21.695\n
This line shows where\n
Muranowska St. would have run.\n
\n
01:05:21.720 --> 01:05:26.120\n
Here, on the corner, is the building\n
where you would have lived.\n
\n
01:05:26.280 --> 01:05:30.880\n
Number 10. And then 12, 14, 16.\n
\n
01:05:31.040 --> 01:05:34.120\n
Yes, and here was the gate\n
you would walk through\n
\n
01:05:34.280 --> 01:05:38.160\n
and here were shops.\n
Here was Mr. Gujski's restaurant.\n
\n
01:05:38.320 --> 01:05:42.600\n
He was a Pole,\n
\n
01:05:42.760 --> 01:05:47.120\n
and he had a son Jas,\n
whom we'd play with in the courtyard.\n
\n
01:05:47.280 --> 01:05:51.040\n
On this map of the city,\n
I've marked the location\n
\n
01:05:51.280 --> 01:05:55.040\n
of your home, superimposing it\n
on the current image.\n
\n
01:05:55.200 --> 01:05:59.120\n
- Out in the street, apparently.\n
- At the intersection.\n
\n
01:05:59.760 --> 01:06:03.920\n
That's the place where your home\n
once stood.\n
\n
01:06:04.080 --> 01:06:06.720\n
I was born here.\n
\n
01:06:12.861 --> 01:06:16.314\n
(the sound of moving cars)\n
\n
01:06:26.359 --> 01:06:29.476\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
01:06:54.917 --> 01:06:56.292\n
The memory of the Ghetto,\n
\n
01:06:56.458 --> 01:07:00.042\n
it’s beginning to really return\n
into the memory,\n
\n
01:07:00.167 --> 01:07:02.542\n
into the soul, of Warsaw.\n
\n
01:07:03.426 --> 01:07:06.660\n
(minimal music)\n
\n
01:07:09.225 --> 01:07:12.000\n
Give people a chance to remember\n
\n
01:07:12.150 --> 01:07:15.117\n
and chances are they will remember.\n
\n
01:07:18.733 --> 01:07:22.100\n
April 19th, the anniversary of\n
the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.\n
\n
01:07:22.500 --> 01:07:24.940\n
While we’re moving farther away\n
from the event\n
\n
01:07:25.083 --> 01:07:28.292\n
actually the number of people\n
coming is growing.\n
\n
01:07:28.417 --> 01:07:30.833\n
That’s a sign of hope.\n
\n
01:07:32.645 --> 01:07:36.012\n
(sad music)\n
\n
01:08:12.081 --> 01:08:15.675\n
(the sound of a moving streetcar)
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Warsaw: A City Divided (2019) Movie Script | Subs like Script

Warsaw: A City Divided (2019) - full transcript

The creation of the Warsaw Ghetto as seen from both sides of the Ghetto wall, and its legacy in today's city. New light on a tragic time of division, destruction and mass murder, incorporating unknown amateur 8mm found footage and survivor testimony.

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