Röster från Ruhr (1968) - full transcript

from the Archive of

Deutsche Kinemathek
foundation

In the Ruhr region

In the Ruhr region

which is around 60 km
long and 25km wide

there are 12 cities.

6.5 million people
live here

I work in the iron-
and steel tube works.

Our families are
in Turkey.

I work in the iron-
and steel tube works

at the automatic system.



I earn 5 Mark 25
per hour.

I have been saving up,
thank God!

My kids and family
are in my homeland,

they are well.

My work is very good.

We live in barracks.

Beginning of next year,
I want to go home

if Allah is willing.

This is Karl Heinz
Oppenberg, a saddler.

He has an hourly wage
of 4 Marks 50.

As far as I am concerned,
I can say that I

have worked for 33 years

at the Schattbacher
Rosenblumendelle

or respectively
Hagenbeck.



In 1934 I, was encouraged
to work below ground

as a builder,
a bricklayer.

There I carried out
mining operations myself

as a so called "Lehr"..

"Lehrhauer".

and as a "Gedingeschrippe".

Had carried out almost
all mining operations.

Then during the war,

as the big war
was raging here

and the houses were
being destroyed

by the Allied' bombings,

I was brought in for the
construction of houses,

meaning repairs in the
mining workers' apartments.

There one experienced
and saw a lot:

how they rebuilt
their apartments

to find themselves
shelter again.

The whole time,

I myself am

a staff council member
in a metal cast factory.

From my work as a mining
worker under ground,

I can also talk about the
Schottanlage Hagenbeck:

In the year 1939,

just before Christmas,
as is usual,

happen in the mining work

bigger accidents before
the Christmas holidays.

This is a sign that

the miner in this
month of December

works especially hard
time and time again

to have a lot of money
for the family vacation

and to make good
Christmas presents.

On the other hand,
Hagenbeck,

5 miners were killed

In the seam "Sonnenschein"
(sun shine).

Of them, we have only
gotten out two, dead.

That means

they were buried there
in the Essen region.

The three other comrades

are still lying
under ground

because there had been
no way of rescuing them

no way at all

to get to the dead
comrades.

The whole
mountain range

of the mine

was collapsed and
again and again

new breaks showed.

The administration however
had to leave the entire

rescue area

and still no coal was
mined for

in that area.

Have been living here
for around thirty years.

and there is a
landfill nearby

where the stones
from the mine

are driven off.

It has been burning

since '47 or '46.

And even though the
whole neighborhood

has complained
about it,

and the city administration
has tried everything,

with water and
things like that,

they don't succeed
in extinguishing it.

Now they have moved
on to

clearing away
the landfill.

And when the excavators

are working over there,

clouds rise up

and dirty everything
with dust and dirt.

The neighborhood

has always complained

but there's nothing
to be done

until the landfill
is gone.

Now half of it has
been cleared away.

Hopefully then
we will have

peace

The humans in
this world

have everything at
their disposal

from the natural sciences

to the technology,
the sciences.

The humans also have
at their disposal

to help other human
beings

in their social and
personal needs.

To be in charge of all
things in this world

one however needs

a crucially decisive
amount of freedom.

And this freedom

we Christians have
to make believable

in this world

especially through
our behavior.

Freedom

is not just the
freedom of thought.

Freedom is not just

a vague feeling.

What freedom is,
is determined

there and then.

That's why the Christian
has to decide there and then.

He has to make believable
there and then

what freedom is.

The denomination

to Jesus Christ

doesn't exist
in a vacuum.

Therefore it is
regrettable

what we have to read
in our church newspaper

"Der Weg" (the way).

In this newspaper
that at any rate

is one of the most
important

newspapers of our
regional church,

is reported how

a Swedish priest

goes to the factory

to inform himself
there and then

about the workers'
social problems.

But then there is written

the following statement:

"Whether the sincere
efforts

of the church

for the workers

will amount to visible
results for the communities

is uncertain.

The American evangelist
Billy Graham however

addresses many people
in mass events

without a regard

for specific problems
of the individual

and in this way
calls for the

the denomination
to Jesus Christ

with success.

Here we have to ask:

"Is this possible?

To reach the denomination
of Jesus Christ

with no specific regard

for the problems
of the individual?

Does this denomination
exist in a vacuum?

What's more important?

A mass event

where the American
evangelist Billy Graham

gathers together
thousands of people

in front of his
microphones?

Or

the Christians' efforts

around the people's
social problems

in our society

where one does
not immediately

see a great and
apparent result.

Christians have
to take care

of the social problems

with calmness
and perseverance.

Here and there

they can make their
freedom believable.

But if Christians
aren't capable of

dealing with
social questions,

then also their
belief and denomination

to Jesus Christ

is without worth.

We however know

that Christ has given
us the freedom

the freedom, to deal
with these problems

and that's why we

have to make use of
this freedom.

Grabich,

formerly a miner,

was part of the red
Ruhr Army in 1920.

Yes, you want
from me

some pictures

from the past

and especially from
the Kapp-Putsch

and how it played out
here in the Ruhr area

I ask you to consider

that since then

yes 47 years have passed

since this time.

I stand in the
eightieth year of life

and that then
the memory

isn't so fresh
anymore

as it would have been
20 maybe 30 years ago.

But as good as
I can remember,

I will describe some

details from back then.

Already the year 1920

confronted the workers

with difficult
big questions.

The workers'- and
soldiers' councils

that were founded

after the collapse

in 1918

had long been
disposed off.

The reaction had
recovered

and came crawling
out of its mouse hole

and was soon again
firmly in the saddle.

Black clouds were
looming over Germany.

Fascist organizations
sprouted up.

"Einwohnerwehren",
organisations like

like "Konsul"

"Orgesch"

"Stahlhelm" (steel helmet)

and volunteer corps

were formed everywhere

to protect the alleged

civil freedom.

Besides the

100.000 man army

which was granted
to the Germans

by the peace treaty

a so called black
"Reichswehr" was formed.

The same hired
volunteers

which were
briefly drilled

and always replaced
with new contingents.

The central point

of the training

and the trade was
the fortress Küstrin.

A prematurely
attempted coup

from there

made

the entire world
sit up

and revealed

the military's
secret plans.

The ruling circles were

very shocked

about this coup

which to them
seemed premature

and had it
suppressed.

The 13th of March

Kapp and Lüttwitz
marched into Berlin

with their white troops,

declared the government
for deposed

and took over the power

and declared
martial law.

The previous government
of Ebert, Scheidemann,

Noske

and others had to flee

and settled down
in Stuttgart.

I was given the order

to destroy the
police warehouse

on Bottroper Street

Difficult to access
here because of a

railway embankment
in front.

The security police
had settled here.

Because a total
attack

wouldn't achieve anything,

I ordered a bypass
behind the old

Jewish cemetery
on Hammerstreet.

Encircled like this,
they had no choice but

to flee towards
Bottrop.

But obvious weapon
material and ammunition

fell into our hands.

Leaving behind an
appropriate garrison,

we advanced
against Mühlheim.

There, free corps' Schulz
commanding officer

hoisted the black-white-
red flag

and decided on
Watter,

that meant, against
the proper government

After a short, but
violent fight,

the majority fled
towards Duisburg.

Heavy fights continued in
the mountains of Saarn.

After violent fights

with the Duisburg and
hamborn workers,

only a small part
reached

the protecting
walls of Wesel.

Already after the fights
near Sarn, I was

called back to Essen
and handed over

the Essen troops
to my friend Reinhold.

In Essen a

gang of mob and rabble
had spread

was generating
a panic mood.

with robberies
and thefts.

I was appointed
security officer

of the city of Essen.

Quickly, out of the
remaining

younger and older workers,

I raised
a security force

that took turns day
and night.

After the Bielefeld
Agreement

the front started
to crumble

that until then had
stuck together.

Fighting we retreated

over Buhr, Bottrop
and Essen.

In old Essen still,
heavy fights took place.

So one can in fact
say that

the resistance

of the workers
against Hitler

wasn't completely useless,

that it also brought
successes.

Looking back now,

one comes to the
conclusion

that already back then
it showed,

how necessary the
resistance was.

Today it is like this,

that

many still live off

what back then the
resistance groups

and among them one
can probably name

the communists as
the strongest group,

the socialists,

the trade unionist,

achieved.

For example, I remember

when we

were prosecuted by Hitler.

Hitler had risen to power.

A part of the middle class

celebrated because
they believed

their Messiah had come.

Even so, there were
groups of workers that

didn't want to
change these times

just with the fists
in their pockets.

And here

I recall amongst
other things

how even in the police

there were people
of the resistance.

In Cologne from example,
I had been transferred

from Thuringia to Cologne
because I belonged

to the central
resistance group,

after my arrest

a police man basically
released me

from the

Gestapo ill-treatments

by

breaking

his client's trust

opening the door
one morning

and I basically

escaped the beatings
of the gestapo

and the interrogations
because of this.

Then I was brought to

Bonner Wall,
that used to be

a military prison.

From there the stations
went over

Brauweiler, Börgermoor.

And

when I came back

from Börgermoor

already resistance groups
had formed

here in Mühlheim.

And Johann,

we were

probably the responsible
bodies or the first

organizers of the union

of the resistance groups
here in Mühlheim.

Maybe now you could

explain how things
were back then.

This is Johann Adelhütte,
craftsman.

Günther Daus, architect,

1945-1947 he was

communist mayor in
Mühlheim Ruhr.

Herrmann Rosendhal,
formerly miner.

And back then we
also received the

written documents.

We printed here ourselves,

we still had some
appliances

where you could
hectograph,

duplicate

and we distributed
or let these writings

be distributed

and...

then there were also

in the individual
suburbs

the individual groups or

the individual groups
were made one

and in doing so

I met Herrmann again

and

we asked him then

to now also help out and

he confirmed what we

had assumed. That in the
Ruhr area, already as well

people had come together

or had a connection
amongst themselves

and so the same thing
happened here

in the entire city area.

Until 1934 when
because of the

thoughtlessness

or today I would like
to say

well through the distri-
bution of the writings

it was easy for
the Gestapo

to then neutralize
this group

in the entire situation
and to then

put on trial.

That was a dark time,
that we then experienced,

but the resistance
continued and also

developed.

Because we know that
also in 1943

arrests were made
here in

Mühlheim

who then had to
pay dearly.

It was truly a bad time
back then

The..

antifascists back
then were

had to, they had to
retreat

the SA gained
the upper hand.

We were then, I was
lying in bed at night

all of a sudden the
house was encircled.

I was taken out,
I had no time

to dress, I was wearing
only pants.

And then it started.

Thrashings up to a pub

where there used to
be SA.

There again we had to
go through a lane,

I was among the first.

And.

And there then

it went on.

They had roof battens
in their hands,

you had to jump
over them

and when you didn't
get over...

you never got over

then they came for
the shins.

I had the misfortune

that someone kicked
me in the testicles.

I couldn't walk
at all anymore.

At about eight in
the morning

we were brought
to the Brown House

in the city centre.

It was around 20
minutes away.

But almost everyone
couldn't walk anymore

and

from there then

the Standard Leaders

gave our names to
the Brown House.

Then we were put
in a barracks,

in a gymnasium.

There we stayed
until

until the wounds had
somewhat subsided.

I was unlucky enough to
have to stay eight days.

And there already we
made the decision

in the gym

that we would have
to come closer together

so what happened there
could not happen again.

When we walked back

to town

the population took
no interest

as was later said

that they were

happy that Adolf Hitler
would come to power

instead they turned around,
they didn't want to see us

because we were

so battered.

Tears were running down
people's cheeks.

And so we came in the
evening and night.

At 12 when it was dark

I was released, then
I could go home.

I have been working
in a textile factory

for three years.

I am happy with my work.

At the same time, I
am supporting my parents.

The big problem is
the language.

For some time

I have been learning
to understand

German a little bit.

I have been in Germany
for about 3 years.

I am the father
of five children.

To live with
my sons,

that have been here
for about seven years.

We came to find work.

For a certain time

it went decently well

here in Germany.

But now it's beginning
to get worse.

For example, two of
my children

had to emigrate to
Australia.

We hope that

the situation will
improve, but so far

one sees no improvement

Unfortunately, we are
also treated a bit

poorly, especially
those who

haven't yet mastered
the language.

Like this, we are at a
disadvantage in everything.

For around ten years

we have had here
in our state

the mining crisis.

In our city

and on the mine

where I work.

Tomorrow is its
last shift.

This mine has existed

for almost over
hundred years.

These last ten years
of the crisis

have left their marks

on this city.

Almost 15.000 commuters.

Workers,

that only sleep within
the walls of this city,

have to look for work

outside these walls.

We were told here

about structural change,

about the introduction
of new industries.

There were 10
years of time

to introduce the
structural change here.

Only now

one is still talking

and it has been
like that for 10 years.

Just the replacement
industries

are simply not following.

On top of this,

it has to be clear that

if other industries are
to be settled

in this area,

you also have to know

which industries that
should be.

So that this industry's
production

are still saleable.

The help

and the expectations

that the people
in this state

put on the
government

- you know that we have

a social-democratic
state government,

and one could have
been of faith

that these people's
sufferings

should or would
have an end -

see themselves badly
deceived.

Just recently the
Bundesrat

I think it was the day
before yesterday

rejected the aid measures

and the bonus

that were pending
especially with

the plants Hansa
and Pluto

those things
again rejected

so that one can't
expect help

from this side either.

The importation

from the US

I think it's around
six million tons.

If those could be stopped

it would mean
the continuance

for a longer time

of many people's jobs.

Aid measures however

at the level

that one should
live off

mandate millions,

in the long term,
won't be an aid measure

for the Ruhr area

What's missing here

are places of employment

and a fast

structural change in
the Ruhr area.

But what hasn't been
managed in

10 years

and probably wasn't
willing to manage

we won't be able
to manage in

the next ten
months either.

So, it keeps going
downhill

here.

And where the workers
will march then

we will surely
live to see.

But this is not just
the case with mining

but

the people on the Ruhr
have to be

in the clear on the fact

that that which is
happening in Ruhr

what is happening
with mining

is going to spread over
on other industries

and will there too

find its expression.

Therefore it will be

a struggle with no end.

I think that

the workers in
this country

and not just here

but whether it be

whether it be in the US

whether it be in France

whether it be in Sweden

whether it be

anywhere else

have to join together
more closely

to defend their common
social

and economic

cause.

And to better face

the concentration
of power

in the economic power.