Neurons to Nirvana (2013) - full transcript
A stylish, in depth look at the renaissance in psychedelic drug research in light of current scientific, medical and cultural knowledge. The film explores these socially taboo substances as adjuncts to psychotherapy, as crucial but neglected medicines, and as technologies of consciousness. From Neurons to Nirvana: The Great Medicines features interviews with some of the world's foremost researchers, writers, and pioneers in the growing field of psychedelic psychotherapy. These radical healers and dissenters are using everything from ancient concoctions to newly created designer molecules to the once demonized psychedelic drugs of the 1960s. They argue convincingly for the legal right to incorporate these substances into therapeutic practice.
THIS IS DRUGS.
THIS IS YOUR BRAIN ON DRUGS.
>> THE GERMAN STUDY SUGGESTS
THAT THE U.S. GOVERNMENT'S CLAIM
THAT ECSTASY CAUSES DEVASTATING,
IRREVERSIBLE BRAIN DAMAGE WAS A
DRAMATIC EXAGGERATION.
>> THAT'S PART OF THE REASON I
WANT TO LEGALIZE IT, TOO --
'CAUSE WE CAN FIGURE OUT, "HEY,
LOOK, THIS IS SAFE, THIS IS THE
RIGHT DOSAGE."
>> NOW, THERE ARE PEOPLE WHO
THINK IT'S A BAD IDEA.
THERE ARE PEOPLE WHO THINK
SMOKING AND DRINKING ARE BAD
IDEAS.
>> [ SPEAKING NATIVE LANGUAGE ]
>> EXPERTS THINK THAT JUST ONE
DOSE COULD MESS UP YOUR BRAIN
FOR LIFE.
>> RESEARCHERS AT A NORWEGIAN
UNIVERSITY HAVE LOOKED BACK AT
EARLY MEDICAL TRIALS OF LSD AND
FOUND EVIDENCE IT COULD BE USED
TO TREAT ALCOHOLISM.
>> PSILOCYBIN DECREASES THE
AMOUNT OF ACTIVITY THAT'S
OCCURRING, THEREFORE DECREASING
ACTIVITIES ASSOCIATED WITH
DEPRESSION.
>> ...A CALIFORNIA STATE LAW
WHERE MEDICAL MARIJUANA APPEARS
TO BE HELPING SO MANY PEOPLE
WITH CANCER.
>> THEY TAKE AYAHUASCA AS A
MEDICINE.
THEY SAY IT'S A MEDICINE FOR THE
BODY AND THE SOUL.
>> ...THOUSAND DEATHS RELATED TO
DRUG VIOLENCE.
>> WE SEE THE FAILURE OF THE
POLICY OF PROHIBITION IN OUR
SOCIETY.
>> IT'S THE BEGINNING OF A VERY
SIGNIFICANT SCIENTIFIC
INVESTIGATION OF THE ACTIONS OF
PSYCHEDELICS.
>> IN THE POPULAR PRESS,
HALLUCINOGENS HAVE BEEN
PORTRAYED AS A RECREATION, AN
ESCAPE, OR A DANGEROUS
INVITATION FOR ABUSE, BUT THERE
IS ANOTHER SIDE TO THE STORY.
THE TRUTH IS THAT MORE PEOPLE
DIE EACH YEAR FROM USING SIMPLE
PAIN RELIEVERS THAN FROM ALL
ILLEGAL DRUGS COMBINED.
AND OF THOSE CAUSED BY ILLEGAL
DRUGS, THE VAST MAJORITY ARE
CAUSED BY STREET NARCOTICS, SUCH
AS COCAINE AND HEROIN.
ALMOST NONE ARE DUE TO
PSYCHEDELICS.
>> THIS IS A GLASS OF WATER.
IT CONTAINS 100 GAMMA OF LSD-25,
1/10 OF A MILLIGRAM.
LET US OBSERVE THE EFFECT SOME
THREE HOURS LATER.
>> I CAN SEE EVERYTHING IN
COLOR...AND THE DIMENSIONS AND
ALL THE PRISMS AND THE RAYS...
AND EVERYTHING COMING DOWN
THROUGH YOU AND -- AND MOVING.
>> WHAT DOES THIS ALL MEAN TO
YOU?
>> I'VE NEVER SEEN SUCH INFINITE
BEAUTY IN MY LIFE.
>> THERE WAS GREAT HOPE IN THE
EARLY '50s THAT LSD WAS GOING TO
REVOLUTIONIZE PSYCHIATRY.
AND IN SOME SENSE, THAT HOPE WAS
NOT MISPLACED.
>> IN THE 1960s, DRUGS LIKE LSD
HAD MOVED OUT OF MAINSTREAM
MEDICINE INTO RECREATIONAL USE.
I THINK THE POWERS THAT BE, TO
SOME EXTENT, FELT THAT THINGS
WERE GETTING OUT OF CONTROL, SO
THAT IN THE MID-'60s, THERE WAS
A MOVE TO TRY AND PUT THE LID
BACK ON THE BOTTLE, TO GET THE
GENIE BACK INTO THE BOTTLE, TO
TRY AND RESTORE SOCIAL CONTROL
THAT APPEARED TO BE ON THE VERGE
OF BREAKING DOWN.
[ OMINOUS MUSIC PLAYING ]
>> ANTIWAR DEMONSTRATORS PROTEST
U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN THE VIETNAM
WAR IN MASS MARCHES, RALLIES,
AND DEMONSTRATIONS.
>> IF WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO
PROSECUTE WARS IN THE FUTURE,
WE CAN'T HAVE TOO MANY PEOPLE
TAKING DRUGS LIKE LSD.
>> WHEN THEY WOULD TAKE IT,
THEY'D GO, "WAIT A MINUTE.
WHY AM I SUPPOSED TO GO FIGHT IN
VIETNAM?
EXACTLY EXPLAIN TO ME -- WHAT AM
I DOING OVER THERE?
YOU'RE WANTING ME TO KILL THESE
OTHER PEOPLE, BUT THEY'RE JUST
LIKE ME.
I'M KILLING A PART OF ME."
YOU DO SEE OUT OF THE BOX WITH
LSD.
YOU DO SEE PAST CULTURALLY
IMPOSED VALUES.
>> YOU KNOW, THE WHOLE GOAL WAS
TO SORT OF CRACK OPEN THE MIND,
BREAK AWAY FROM THE CONSTRAINTS
OF A CULTURE THAT WE FELT WAS
INHIBITING THE HUMAN POTENTIAL,
THAT WE MIGHT EMBRACE A NEW
REALM OF POSSIBILITIES.
>> THE UPSHOT, THOUGH, WAS QUITE
EXTRAORDINARY, IN THAT, IN ORDER
TO BAN A DRUG, YOU HAD TO PAINT
IT AS HAVING EXTREME DANGERS
LINKED TO IT.
AND THE BIGGEST AND MOST
CONVENIENT DANGER TO USE WAS THE
IDEA THAT YOU WOULD GET HOOKED.
IN ACTUAL FACT, YOU CANNOT
BECOME PHYSICALLY DEPENDENT OR
GET ADDICTED TO A DRUG LIKE LSD.
>> TO TRY TO DEAL WITH SOMETHING
LIKE THIS IN A STRAIGHTFORWARD,
SCIENTIFIC MANNER IS REALLY
DIFFICULT BECAUSE YOU'RE REALLY
DEALING WITH IRRATIONAL,
FEAR-BASED REACTIONS THAT HAVE
NOTHING TO DO WITH WHAT THE
DRUGS HAVE DONE IN THE PAST AND
WHAT THEY CAN DO IN THE FUTURE.
>> IT'S BEEN 40 YEARS, 50 YEARS,
ESSENTIALLY, SINCE ALL CLINICAL
WORK ON PSYCHEDELICS WAS SHUT
DOWN.
>> DESPITE THE RESTRICTIONS ON
RESEARCH INTO LSD, ITS DRAMATIC
EFFECTS ON THE BRAIN HAVE PUT
SCIENTISTS ON THE TRAIL OF A NEW
AND INTRIGUING NEUROTRANSMITTER
CALLED SEROTONIN.
>> SEROTONIN IS REFERRED TO AS A
NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEM.
IT'S ALSO REFERRED TO AS AN
NEUROMODULATORY SYSTEM BECAUSE
IT MODULATES OR REGULATES NOT
ONLY A LOT OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF
PROCESSES IN THE BRAIN, BUT IT
ALSO REGULATES THE ACTIVITIES OF
OTHER NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS.
PSYCHEDELICS HAVE A SIMILAR KIND
OF ROLE IN THE BRAIN, ALTHOUGH
SOMETIMES WHAT THEY'RE DOING IS
RELEASING THE CONTROL THAT
SEROTONIN HAS OVER CERTAIN AREAS
OF THE BRAIN.
>> SO, EVERYTHING THAT'S COMING
IN THROUGH YOUR SENSES, EXCEPT
FOR SMELL, COMES IN THE BRAIN
AND GOES THROUGH AN AREA CALLED
THE THALAMUS, WHICH IS KIND OF
LIKE A GATEWAY.
THE THALAMUS DECIDES WHAT GETS
SENT TO THE CORTEX, AND THE
CORTEX -- THESE EXECUTIVE
AREAS -- IS WHAT PUTS TOGETHER
YOUR WHOLE SORT OF GESTALT, WHAT
IS YOUR REALITY.
>> NOW, THESE TWO PARTS OF THE
BRAIN -- THE LOWER PART OF THE
BRAIN THAT REGULATES THE FLOW OF
INFORMATION AND THE MIDDLE PARTS
OF THE BRAIN THAT PROVIDE THE
EMOTIONAL INTERPRETATION OF THE
INFORMATION -- ARE LINKED
THROUGH THESE SEROTONIN
CIRCUITS.
AND SO ONE OF THE THINGS THAT
THESE PSYCHEDELICS DO IS THAT
THEY STIMULATE THIS SEROTONERGIC
CIRCUITRY THAT ENHANCES THE
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE
EMOTIONAL BRAIN AND THIS LOWER
BEHAVIORAL AND INFORMATIONAL
BRAIN.
SO, THIS IS WHY I TALK ABOUT
THESE PSYCHEDELICS AS REALLY
BEING BETTER CHARACTERIZED AS
PSYCHOINTEGRATORS.
THEY FUNCTION MUCH LIKE
SEROTONIN IN INTEGRATING THE
ACTIVITIES AT THE DIFFERENT
LEVELS OF THE BRAIN, BUT THEY DO
SO IN A WAY THAT CHANGES THE
SEROTONIN'S SORT OF REPRESSIVE
CONTROL MECHANISMS, REGULATING
US FROM HAVING TOO MUCH
INFORMATION, TO SAYING, "YOU GET
IT ALL."
AND THIS IS PART OF THE
OVERWHELMING EXPERIENCES THAT
PEOPLE HAVE, BUT IT'S ALSO WHY
WE GET THESE INTENSE INSIGHTS,
THESE, YOU KNOW, INTUITIVE
UNDERSTANDINGS, THE SENSE THAT
EVERYTHING IS NOW ALL CONNECTED
TOGETHER -- BECAUSE THE BRAIN
REALLY IS BEING CONNECTED
TOGETHER BY THE WAY THESE
SUBSTANCES INTERFACE WITH THE
SEROTONIN SYSTEM.
>> WHAT REALLY GOT RESEARCHERS
INTERESTED IN SEROTONIN AND ITS
FUNCTIONS WAS THE FACT THAT LSD
RESEMBLED SEROTONIN, CHEMICALLY.
NOT ONLY THAT, BUT LSD AFFECTED
ALL OF THESE VARIOUS FUNCTIONS
OF SEROTONIN AND WAS REALLY USED
AS A MOLECULAR TOOL TO
UNDERSTAND WHAT SEROTONIN WAS
DOING.
>> IF YOU HAD A PSYCHIATRIC
DISORDER -- SAY YOU WERE
SCHIZOPHRENIC -- IN THE 1940s,
THE GENERAL CONSENSUS THEN WAS
OR THE BELIEF WAS THEN THAT YOU
WERE SCHIZOPHRENIC BECAUSE YOUR
MOTHER HAD FAILED IN SOME WAY --
YOU HAD NOT HAD A NURTURING
MOTHER, SHE HAD NOT BREAST-FED
YOU.
THERE WAS NO CONCEPT THAT WHAT
HAPPENED IN YOUR BEHAVIOR WAS IN
ANY WAY RELATED TO BRAIN
NEUROCHEMISTRY.
>> AMONG THESE DRUGS -- THE
HALLUCINOGENS -- ARE INCLUDED
MESCALINE, A CHEMICAL TAKEN FROM
THE PEYOTE CACTUS...
PSILOCYBIN, EXTRACTED FROM A
VARIETY OF MEXICAN MUSHROOM...
DMT, SYNTHESIZED FROM THE
COMPOUND TRYPTAMINE...
AND, OF COURSE, LSD-25.
>> ALBERT HOFMANN DISCOVERED LSD
IN 1943.
SANDOZ BEGAN TO SEND IT OUT TO
PSYCHOLOGISTS AND PSYCHIATRISTS,
SAYING, "HERE'S SOMETHING THAT
PRODUCES A STATE LIKE MENTAL
ILLNESS.
YOU CAN USE IT TO LEARN ABOUT
IT, POSSIBLY USE IT AS A TOOL TO
STUDY MENTAL ILLNESS."
SO, SEROTONIN, WHICH PRINCIPALLY
OCCURS IN THE GUT, WAS ISOLATED
AND IDENTIFIED IN ABOUT 1948,
ABOUT FIVE YEARS LATER.
>> LSD, YOU KNOW, SHOWED
TREMENDOUS PROMISE AND CONTINUED
TO SHOW PROMISE AS A TOOL IN
NEUROSCIENCE, AS A TOOL FOR
UNDERSTANDING BRAIN FUNCTIONS.
>> WILLIAM JAMES, THE FAMOUS
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST, MADE A
DISTINCTION BETWEEN TWO
DIFFERENT KINDS OF WAYS BEHAVIOR
CHANGED.
AND HE TALKED ABOUT THE
EDUCATIONAL VARIETY OF BEHAVIOR
CHANGE, WHERE THINGS OCCUR
INCREMENTALLY, WE LEARN THINGS.
AND THAT'S HOW WE NORMALLY THINK
ABOUT BEHAVIOR CHANGE.
AND THEN HE SAID, YOU KNOW,
THERE'S A DIFFERENT KIND OF WAY
HUMAN BEHAVIOR CHANGES, AND
THAT'S AN ALL-OR-NONE TYPE OF
CHANGE.
PSYCHOLOGISTS HAVE USED VARIOUS
TERMS TO DESCRIBE CONVERSION
EXPERIENCES OR QUANTUM CHANGE OR
EPIPHANIES TO KIND OF GRAB THE
IDEA THAT THE HUMAN ORGANISM IS
CAPABLE OF HAVING A PROFOUND
SHIFT OF PERCEPTIONAL AWARENESS.
>> OFTEN IN A PSYCHEDELIC
SESSION, THERE IS A SENSE THAT
THERE IS A PROCESS UNFOLDING
THAT'S JUST INCREDIBLY
WELL-CRAFTED, INCREDIBLY WISE.
AND IT'S NOT COMING FROM THE
PERSON WHO HAS INGESTED THE
SUBSTANCE OR THE GUIDE.
IT'S COMING FROM THE DEPTHS OF
THE UNCONSCIOUS ITSELF.
>> PEOPLE RECOGNIZE VERY OFTEN
THE PAIN THAT THEY'VE BEEN
RUNNING AWAY FROM ALL THEIR
LIVES, BUT THEY ALSO RECOGNIZE
THAT CENTRAL AND INDESTRUCTIBLE
PART OF THEMSELVES THAT THEY'VE
NEVER SEEN BEFORE, AT LEAST,
THAT THEY'VE LOST TOUCH WITH.
>> AND ULTIMATELY THAT ENTAILS
FEELING DRAWN INTO THIS
TRANSCENDENTAL, MYSTICAL REALM
OF THE SELF BEYOND THE
INDIVIDUAL HISTORICAL LIFE AND
BEYOND THAT, TO THE PROFOUND
UNITIVE STATES THAT THE HINDU
WOULD CALL SAMADHI OR THE
CHRISTIAN MIGHT CALL THE
BEATIFIC VISION OR A SUFI WOULD
CALL FANA, THE PROFOUND
AWARENESS AT THE VERY CORE OF
THE MYSTERY OF WHAT WE ARE.
>> I'M REMINDED OF A SLOGAN OR
TWO I SAW SOME STUDENTS CARRYING
ONCE.
ONE SAID, "ALL WARS ARE CIVIL
WARS BECAUSE ALL MEN ARE
BROTHERS."
>> RIGHT.
>> ANOTHER ONE SAID, "THERE IS
NO 'THEY.'"
>> RIGHT. EXACTLY.
AND THAT'S ONE OF THE COMPONENTS
OF THE LSD EXPERIENCE -- THE
UNDERSTANDING THAT THERE IS NO
"THEY," THERE'S NO OTHER.
IT IS ALL ONE.
>> THIS MEMBER OF THE MUSHROOM
FAMILY, THIS FUNGUS, IS, FOR THE
MOMENT, KNOWN ONLY AS "X."
IT WAS DISCOVERED BARELY WEEKS
AGO, GROWING IN A REMOTE
RAINFOREST.
SCIENCE HAS NOT YET GIVEN IT A
NAME, FOR SCIENCE KNOWS SCARCELY
ANYTHING ABOUT IT.
BUT IT IS FELT THAT "X" MIGHT
HAVE ONE REMARKABLE QUALITY --
THAT IT STIMULATES EXTRASENSORY
PERCEPTION, ENABLING THE MIND TO
BECOME TELEPATHIC AND
CLAIRVOYANT.
NOW, THAT'S A RATHER LARGE
CLAIM.
IS IT TRUE OR FALSE?
THE ANSWER TO THAT QUESTION TOOK
US ON A UNIQUE AND DISTANT
JOURNEY.
>> WE SUDDENLY FOUND A WAY TO
EXPLORE A CONTINENT THAT WE
DIDN'T KNOW EXISTED AND NOT MANY
OTHER PEOPLE KNEW EXISTED,
EITHER.
JUST LIKE MARCO POLO -- YOU
KNOW, IN THE 14th CENTURY, HE
WENT WITH HIS UNCLE AND HIS
FATHER TO CHINA AND THEN CAME
BACK AND SAID STORIES ABOUT
CHINA, AND PEOPLE SAID, "OH,
YOU'RE HALLUCINATING.
[ Chuckling ] YOU'RE CRAZY.
THERE'S NO SUCH THING.
THERE'S NO SUCH PLACE, YOU KNOW.
YOU MADE THAT UP.
YOU'RE FANTASIZING."
HE SAID, "NO, YOU CAN GO FOR
YOURSELF."
SO, WE SUDDENLY FOUND THAT
THERE'S A SHIP THAT CAN TAKE YOU
TO THIS OTHER CONTINENT THAT YOU
DIDN'T KNOW EXISTED AND THERE'S
ALL THESE AMAZING ANIMALS AND
PEOPLE AND TREES AND PLANTS AND
MOUNTAINS AND SITUATIONS GOING
ON THAT YOU NEVER HEARD ABOUT
BEFORE AND THAT, YOU KNOW, ARE
INCREDIBLY INTERESTING, THAT
HAVE ALL KINDS OF FASCINATING
RELATIONSHIPS TO OUR OWN SELVES
AND GIVE US INSIGHTS INTO WHO WE
ARE IN A VERY INTERESTING WAY, A
NOVEL AND PRODUCTIVE WAY.
SO, WE WOULD TAKE PSILOCYBIN AND
SIT AROUND IN A GROUP AND TALK
TO EACH OTHER.
NOW, LATER ON -- AND NOWADAYS,
I WOULDN'T DO THAT.
I MEAN, THAT'S NOT A GOOD WAY TO
DO IT.
YOU MIGHT SIT IN A GROUP AND
TAKE PSILOCYBIN, BUT YOU'D STOP
TALKING, YOU SEE.
IN PSYCHEDELIC THERAPY, YOU PUT
YOUR EYESHADES ON AND LISTEN TO
MUSIC AND PAY ATTENTION TO
WHAT'S COMING THROUGH FROM
WITHIN.
OF COURSE, THEN YOU'D DO
EXTERNAL TALK IN ORDER TO
INTEGRATE AND UNDERSTAND YOUR
EXPERIENCE AND BRING BACK
TRANSLATION.
THAT'S LIKE YOU COME BACK FROM
THE UNDISCOVERED COUNTRY AND
THEN YOU TALK TO OTHER PEOPLE
WHO HAVE ALSO BEEN THERE AND
SAY, "WELL, WHAT DID YOU FIND?
AND WHAT DID YOU FIND?"
AND MAYBE SOME PEOPLE ARE
SPECIALISTS IN THE PLANTS AND
OTHERS IN THE ANIMALS AND OTHERS
IN THE PEOPLE AND THE CULTURE
AND THE GEOGRAPHY AND SO FORTH,
LIKE THAT.
AND SO IT'S LIKE AN EXPEDITION.
>> IN THE '60s, SOME PEOPLE USED
MUSHROOMS FOR THE HALLUCINOGENIC
EFFECTS.
WELL, NOW THOSE SAME SO-CALLED
MAGIC MUSHROOMS ARE BEING USED
TO EASE THE PAIN AND ANXIETY OF
OF CANCER PATIENTS.
>> YOU KNOW, I THOUGHT THAT THE
PEOPLE THAT WOULD COME TO US
WOULD BE BIASED, THEY WOULD HAVE
BEEN CHILDREN OF THE '60s, THEY
WOULD HAVE DONE HALLUCINOGENS A
LOT IN THEIR YOUTH, AND THEY
WOULD HAVE BEEN LIKE GROOVY
HIPPIES OR EX-HIPPIES THAT CAME
TO US.
THAT HAS NOT BEEN THE CASE OF
THE PEOPLE WE'VE TREATED SO FAR,
JUST SORT OF BRAVE INDIVIDUALS
WHO HAVE ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF
DISTRESS ASSOCIATED WITH HAVING
CANCER, WHO WEREN'T BIASED IN
ANY WAY BY THESE DRUGS.
THEY JUST WERE LOOKING TO GET
OUT OF THE SUFFERING THEY WERE
IN.
>> WHEN THE INDIVIDUAL IS TOLD
THAT HE OR SHE HAS A LIMITED
LIFE EXPECTANCY, IT IS VERY
COMMON TO HAVE A GREAT DEAL OF
ANXIETY ABOUT THE ANTICIPATED
PAIN THAT MIGHT OCCUR AND
ANXIETY ABOUT THE UNKNOWN.
WHAT DOES THE PASSAGE TO DEATH
SIGNIFY?
THERE'S ALSO OFTEN A GREAT DEAL
OF APPREHENSION ABOUT WHAT WILL
HAPPEN TO SIGNIFICANT OTHERS
THAT WILL BE LEFT BEHIND.
>> I WAS VERY SKEPTICAL AT
FIRST.
I WAS VERY WORRIED ABOUT TAKING
PEOPLE WHO WERE DYING OF CANCER
AND WHO WERE ALREADY ANXIOUS AND
ABOUT MAKING THEM MORE ANXIOUS.
I SPENT A LOT OF TIME LOOKING
INTO THE SAFETY LITERATURE AND
SPEAKING TO THE GROUPS AT
JOHNS HOPKINS AND UCLA AND
ACTUALLY HEARING SOME
TESTIMONIES OF FORMER PATIENTS
AND EVEN SPEAKING TO SOME FORMER
PATIENTS.
AND I BECAME MORE AND MORE
REASSURED THAT THIS WAS SAFE AND
THAT IF YOU SCREENED PATIENTS
PROPERLY, THAT THIS WAS
POTENTIALLY VERY BENEFICIAL.
>> WE SAW A CONSIDERABLE
INDICATION THAT THERE WAS BOTH A
SHORT-TERM AND A
SUSTAINED-OVER-TIME ALLEVIATION
OF ANXIETY, AND HERE WE'RE
TALKING SPECIFICALLY ABOUT THE
ANXIETY -- THE EXISTENTIAL
ANXIETY ASSOCIATED WITH THEIR
LIMITED LIFE EXPECTANCY.
>> A NEW REPORT IN THE
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
SUGGESTS THAT THE KEY INGREDIENT
IN MAGIC MUSHROOMS --
PSILOCYBIN -- MAY BE THE PERFECT
AID FOR CERTAIN MENTAL
DISORDERS.
EARLY RESEARCH HAS SHOWN THAT
PSILOCYBIN IS HELPFUL FOR
TERMINALLY ILL CANCER PATIENTS
DEALING WITH ANXIETY AND
POSSIBLY PEOPLE WITH SEVERE
FORMS OF DEPRESSION.
>> THE GOOD FRIDAY EXPERIMENT
WAS AN ATTEMPT TO TAKE THE TOOLS
OF SCIENCE TO LOOK AT THIS
QUESTION, CAN PSYCHEDELICS --
IN THIS CASE, PSILOCYBIN --
CATALYZE A RELIGIOUS MYSTICAL
EXPERIENCE?
BECAUSE THESE PEOPLE WERE
DIVINITY STUDENTS AT THE TIME,
MOST OF THEM WERE MINISTERS
AFTER ALL THESE YEARS.
AND MANY OF THEM REPORTED THAT
THEY HAD HAD NON-DRUG MYSTICAL
EXPERIENCES IN THEIR LIFE AFTER
THE GOOD FRIDAY EXPERIMENT.
AND THAT GAVE THEM A POINT OF
REFERENCE TO COMPARE TO THEIR
DRUG EXPERIENCE.
AND THESE PEOPLE COMPARED IT IN
A WAY THAT IT WAS, AGAIN, EITHER
IDENTICAL OR VERY SIMILAR TO,
BUT THEY DETERMINED, IN THEIR
VIEW, THAT THEIR PSILOCYBIN
EXPERIENCE WAS GENUINELY
MYSTICAL.
>> THE EXPERIENCE THAT DAY
DEMONSTRATED TO ME THE REALITY
OF GOD'S PRESENCE IN ALL THE
WORLD AND IN ALL EXPERIENCE, IF
OUR EYES ARE OPENED AND WE ARE
ABLE TO PERCEIVE AND TAKE THAT
IN.
AND BY "EYES," I MEAN OUR
SPIRITUAL INNER AWARENESSES.
I WOULD SAY, YEAH, IT DID CHANGE
MY LIFE.
>> WHEN THEY STARTED TALKING
ABOUT WHAT THE IMPLICATIONS OF
THAT EXPERIENCE HAD BEEN FOR
THEIR LIFE, THAT'S WHEN I
STARTED UNDERSTANDING WHAT TO ME
FELT LIKE ONE OF THE KEYS TO THE
1960s, TO THE CULTURAL
REVOLUTION OF THE '60s.
THEY FELT THAT THEY WERE
MOTIVATED TO BE PART OF THE
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT, THE
ANTIWAR MOVEMENT, THE WOMEN'S
RIGHTS MOVEMENT, THE
ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT.
>> THE HIPPIES IN THE '60s --
I MEAN, WE HAD A RACIAL BIAS A
LOT OF PLACES, BUT THE HIPPIES
WERE BLACK AND WHITE AND YELLOW
AND EVERY OTHER COLOR BECAUSE
THOSE BARRIERS CAME DOWN WHEN
PEOPLE TOOK PSYCHEDELICS.
THOSE CULTURAL BARRIERS WERE
GONE, AND THEY COULD SEE THROUGH
THAT.
THERE WAS A TRANSPARENCY, AND
THEY SAID, "WELL, HE'S JUST LIKE
ME.
SHE'S JUST LIKE ME.
WE'RE ALL PART OF THIS THING."
AND IF THEY HAD MYSTICAL
EXPERIENCES, IT WAS EVEN MORE
PROFOUND BECAUSE THEY REALIZED
EVERYTHING IS ALL A PART,
EVERYTHING IS ALL ONE.
>> WHEN YOU HAVE THIS UNITIVE
MYSTICAL EXPERIENCE, BECAUSE
IT'S UNITIVE, YOU IDENTIFY WITH
PEOPLE THAT YOU MIGHT NORMALLY
NOT, SO THAT THERE'S A DEEPER
PART OF OURSELVES, DEEPER THAN
OUR COUNTRY, DEEPER THAN OUR
NATIONALITY, DEEPER THAN OUR
RELIGION, DEEPER THAN OUR
GENDER, DEEPER THAN OUR SKIN
COLOR, DEEPER THAN OUR SEXUAL
ORIENTATION, THAT THERE'S THIS
CORE ELEMENT THAT BINDS US
TOGETHER.
>> A HALLMARK FEATURE TO THE
MYSTICAL EXPERIENCE IS ONE IN
WHICH THERE'S JUST A SENSE OF
THE INTERCONNECTEDNESS OF ALL
PEOPLE AND THINGS, A SENSE THAT
ALL IS ONE.
AND THAT EXPERIENCE IS
ACCOMPANIED BY THIS NOETIC SENSE
THAT THE EXPERIENCE, AT ITS
CORE, IS MORE REAL AND MORE TRUE
THAN EVERYDAY WAKING
CONSCIOUSNESS.
>> LUCID DREAMING IS, YOU'RE
DREAMING, BUT YOU'RE CONSCIOUS
THAT YOU ARE DREAMING.
SO, SUDDENLY YOU'RE HAVING A
DREAM, AND YOU GO, "I'M HAVING A
DREAM," AND YOU'RE AWARE THAT
YOU'RE HAVING A DREAM WITHIN THE
DREAM.
PSYCHEDELICS HAVE BEEN SUGGESTED
TO PRODUCE AN EFFECT LIKE THAT,
AND IF YOU LOOK AT THE
ELECTRICAL STATE OF THE BRAIN IN
A WAKING, NORMAL PERSON, YOU SEE
A LOT OF ACTIVITY IN THE FRONTAL
CORTEX BECAUSE THAT'S WHERE ALL
THE INFORMATION IS COMING IN TO
BE PROCESSED.
SO, WHEN PEOPLE TAKE A
PSYCHEDELIC AND HAVE THAT
MYSTICAL, TRANSCENDENT
EXPERIENCE, THE BRAIN IS STILL
FUNCTIONING AND CONSCIOUS, BUT
IT'S GETTING NO DATA FROM YOUR
FEELING TOUCH, THE BODY.
THE BODY'S GONE.
SO NOW YOU JUST HAVE THIS,
BASICALLY, PURE CONSCIOUSNESS.
SO, WHAT HAPPENS THEN?
YEAH, I DON'T KNOW.
[ CHUCKLES ]
YOU KNOW, I THINK IT'S
INCREDIBLY INTERESTING.
>> WE STILL DON'T KNOW.
AND THESE DRUGS ARE THE TOOLS
THAT WILL ENABLE US TO FIGURE IT
OUT.
>> WE'VE ASKED THE QUESTION,
WHERE DOES IT WORK IN THE BRAIN
TO PRODUCE ITS EFFECTS?
AND HOW DO THE CHANGES IT
PRODUCES IN THE BRAIN LEAD TO
THESE REMARKABLE EXPERIENCES,
BOTH OF ALTERATIONS IN
SENSATION, BUT ALSO ALTERATIONS
IN FEELING AND EMOTION AND THIS
SENSE OF BEING MORE AT ONE WITH
THE UNIVERSE?
AND WHAT WE FOUND WAS COMPLETELY
SURPRISING AND EXACTLY THE
OPPOSITE OF WHAT WE PREDICTED
BECAUSE WE FOUND THAT PSILOCYBIN
TURNED OFF BLOOD FLOW IN KEY
PARTS OF THE BRAIN, SUCH AS THE
PREFRONTAL CORTEX, THE SORT OF
POSTERIOR CORTEX, AND THE
THALAMUS.
AND WHEN YOU LOOK AT THOSE PARTS
OF THE BRAIN, YOU REALIZE THAT
THEY ACTUALLY ARE THE PARTS OF
THE BRAIN WHICH CONTROL AND
INTEGRATE THE WAY IN WHICH THE
BRAIN PROCESSES INFORMATION.
THEY'RE THE KIND OF GATEKEEPER
REGIONS, THE NODES WHICH
REGULATE WHAT YOU DO AND HOW YOU
FEEL.
AND BY SWITCHING THOSE OFF, WE
KIND OF LIBERATE THE REST OF THE
BRAIN SO THAT IT CAN DO OTHER
THINGS, AND THAT'S WHY YOU GET
THE EXPANSION OF CONSCIOUSNESS.
>> THE CORE OF WHAT WE FOUND IN
OUR STUDIES IN HEALTHY
VOLUNTEERS AT JOHNS HOPKINS IS
THAT THERE IS THIS QUANTUM
CHANGE, IF YOU WILL, IN TERMS OF
PERCEPTION OF LIFE AND SELF AND
ATTITUDES AND MOODS AND
BEHAVIOR.
MOST PEOPLE ARE STILL ENDORSING
THAT THIS EXPERIENCE IS AMONG
THE MOST PERSONALLY MEANINGFUL
AND SPIRITUALLY SIGNIFICANT
EXPERIENCES OF THEIR ENTIRE
LIVES.
>> SO, WE CAN NOW ACTUALLY STUDY
THE MYSTICAL EXPERIENCE -- OR
"TRANSCENDENT EXPERIENCE" IS
MAYBE A BETTER TERM FOR IT,
TRANSPERSONAL EXPERIENCE -- WITH
PHARMACOLOGICAL TOOLS, USING
SCIENTIFIC TOOLS.
I THINK THAT'S A HUGE
ACCOMPLISHMENT AND A HUGE SORT
OF BREAK FROM THE WAY IT'S
ALWAYS BEEN.
>> WE'RE JUST RELEARNING HOW TO
LET IT BE OKAY TO CALL THESE
THINGS REAL, TO CALL THESE
PRACTICES REAL AGAIN.
>> SEEING THAT THESE KINDS OF
EXPERIENCES CAN BE OCCASIONED
AND THAT THEY'RE PRODUCING
REPORTS OF LONG-LASTING
ATTRIBUTIONS OF PERSONAL MEANING
AND SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE
REALLY GOT MY ATTENTION.
>> I WAS DIAGNOSED TO HAVE
TERMINAL CANCER A FEW MONTHS
AGO, AND NATURALLY THERE'S A LOT
OF FEAR AND ANGER AND PAIN,
EMOTIONAL PAIN, THAT SURROUNDS
SOMETHING LIKE THAT.
IT HAS ALLOWED ME TO OPEN UP AND
HAVE COMMUNICATION WITH MY
FAMILY THAT I NEVER HAVE BEEN
ABLE TO HAVE BEFORE.
>> THIS MORNING, THE DRUG
ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION IS
ANNOUNCING ITS INTENTION TO
PLACE THE DRUG KNOWN AS MDMA --
OR BY THE STREET NAME ECSTASY --
UNDER EMERGENCY CONTROLS AND
SCHEDULE 1.
>> THERE WERE TRIALS WHERE A
D.E.A. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE
HEARD HOURS AND HOURS OF
TESTIMONY AND MADE THE DECISION
THAT SCHEDULE 3 MADE THE MOST
SENSE.
IT WOULD BE A PRESCRIPTION
MEDICINE AND THERE WOULD BE A
LOT OF RESTRICTIONS ON IT, BUT
IT WOULD BE MUCH, MUCH EASIER TO
DO CLINICAL RESEARCH WITH IT.
BUT THE D.E.A. DID NOT TAKE ITS
OWN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE'S
RECOMMENDATION, AND THEY WENT
AHEAD AND PUT MDMA IN
SCHEDULE 1.
AND, YOU KNOW, WHAT'S
INTERESTING IS MDMA's BEEN IN
SCHEDULE 1 FOR 25 YEARS NOW, AND
IT'S, YOU KNOW, JUST AS EASY TO
GET AS IT'S EVER BEEN, IF NOT
MORE.
I MEAN, IT'S BECOME A VERY
POPULAR DRUG OF ABUSE.
MILLIONS OF PEOPLE AROUND THE
WORLD ARE TAKING THIS DRUG
RECREATIONALLY.
I MEAN, ONE THING THAT YOU SEE
IS THAT WHEN YOU'RE TAKING SORT
OF A KNOWN QUANTITY OF A KNOWN
SUBSTANCE IN A MEDICAL SETTING
OR A THERAPEUTIC SETTING, IT'S
VERY SAFE.
BECAUSE THIS DRUG IS ILLEGAL,
WHEN SOMEBODY BUYS ECSTASY, THEY
MAY BE GETTING MDMA, OR THEY
COULD BE GETTING ANY NUMBER OF
CHEMICALS THAT ARE NOT BAD FOR
YOU OR HORRIBLY BAD FOR YOU.
BECAUSE OF PROHIBITION, THE
ISSUE OF DRUG SUBSTITUTION AND
COUNTERFEIT PILLS AND THINGS
LIKE THAT IS VERY MUCH AN ISSUE.
>> THAT'S ONE OF THE PROBLEMS
WITH THE WAY DRUGS ARE
APPROACHED IN THIS SOCIETY --
KIDS DON'T LEARN ABOUT USING
THESE THINGS IN A SAFE AND WISE
WAY.
>> WHEN MDMA FIRST CAME INTO
PUBLIC AWARENESS, THE GOVERNMENT
OFFICIALS WERE CALLING IT
ANOTHER HALLUCINOGENIC
AMPHETAMINE.
AND I KNEW A LOT ABOUT WHAT THE
STRUCTURES OF HALLUCINOGENIC
AMPHETAMINES LOOKED LIKE, AND I
THOUGHT, THAT DOESN'T MAKE
SENSE THAT THAT'S A
HALLUCINOGEN.
MY LABORATORY ACTUALLY PUBLISHED
THE FIRST BIOCHEMICAL WORK ON
MDMA IN 1982, BEFORE ANYONE EVEN
CALLED IT ECSTASY OR KNEW WHAT
IT WAS.
WE SHOWED THAT IT RELEASED
SEROTONIN.
AMPHETAMINES THEMSELVES --
AMPHETAMINE OR
METHAMPHETAMINE -- RELEASE
PRINCIPALLY A DOPAMINE, A
TRANSMITTER CALLED DOPAMINE --
AND ALSO NOREPINEPHRINE -- BUT
ALSO RELEASE A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF
SEROTONIN.
MDMA HAS MOSTLY ITS EFFECT ON
SEROTONIN.
IT RELEASES SEROTONIN, BUT ALSO
RELEASES NOREPINEPHRINE AND ALSO
RELEASES DOPAMINE.
SO, IN SOME RESPECTS, IT'S
WORKING LIKE METHAMPHETAMINE,
BUT THE PROFILE IS SOMEWHAT
REVERSED.
>> MDMA IS NOT A HALLUCINOGEN.
IT REALLY IS UNIQUE IN
PSYCHIATRY.
THERE'S NO OTHER DRUG LIKE IT.
BECAUSE IT IS THIS MASSIVE
SEROTONIN AGONIST, IT BASICALLY
FLOODS THE SYNAPSE OR FLOODS THE
BRAIN WITH SEROTONIN.
IT'S ALMOST LIKE AN
IMMEDIATE-ACTING ANTIDEPRESSANT
OR AN IMMEDIATE-ACTING
ANTIANXIETY MEDICINE.
THEY'RE CALLED ANXIOLYTICS.
SOMETHING THAT DECREASES ANXIETY
IS AN ANXIOLYTIC.
AND IN PSYCHIATRY, ALL THE
ANXIOLYTICS ARE SEDATING.
SO, THERE IS NO
IMMEDIATE-ACTING, NON-SEDATING
ANXIOLYTIC IN PSYCHIATRY.
BUT MDMA IS AN IMMEDIATE-ACTING,
NON-SEDATING ANXIOLYTIC.
30, 45 MINUTES AFTER SOMEBODY
TAKES MDMA, MOST PEOPLE BECOME
VERY RELAXED AND HAPPY AND
CONTENT.
THEY'RE ALSO AWAKE, ALERT,
COMPLETELY CONSCIOUS, COGNIZANT
OF EVERYTHING THAT'S GOING ON.
THEY HAVE ENHANCED MEMORY FOR
THE EXPERIENCE, AND THERE'S ALSO
ENHANCED MEMORY FOR EARLY
REPRESSED TRAUMAS.
SO, IT'S PARTICULARLY
WELL-SUITED TO PSYCHOTHERAPY, TO
BEING A CATALYST FOR
PSYCHOTHERAPY.
>> WE SEE IT RIGHT NOW FOR
POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER,
FOR VETERANS COMING BACK FROM
AFGHANISTAN AND IRAQ.
THERE'S A GREAT NEED FOR
TREATMENTS THAT THE CURRENT
MEDICATIONS, THE CURRENT
PSYCHOTHERAPIES, ONLY WORK
PARTIALLY AND ONLY WORK ON
CERTAIN SUBJECTS.
SO, THE NEED IS GROWING FOR THE
PSYCHEDELIC MEDICINES.
>> ONE OF THE PROBLEMS WITH
TREATING PTSD IS THAT PEOPLE
EITHER HAVE TOO MUCH ANXIETY OR
TOO MUCH EMOTIONAL NUMBING IN
ORDER TO BE ABLE TO REVISIT THE
TRAUMA IN A THERAPEUTIC WAY.
AND WHAT MDMA SEEMS TO DO IS TO
ALLOW PEOPLE TO FACE THEIR FEARS
WITHOUT BEING OVERWHELMED, BUT
YET HAVE AN EMOTIONAL
CONNECTION.
WE JUST RECENTLY COMPLETED
WHAT'S CALLED A PHASE II
CLINICAL TRIAL OF MDMA-ASSISTED
THERAPY, PSYCHOTHERAPY, FOR
TREATMENT-RESISTANT
POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER.
WE WOULD ENCOURAGE THEM TO SPEND
A GOOD BIT TIME OF THE TIME
FOCUSING INWARD, WITHOUT
TALKING.
AND WE HAD HEADPHONES WITH A
PROGRAM OF MUSIC AND EYESHADES.
WE HAD AN AGREEMENT WITH
EVERYONE THAT IF NOTHING ABOUT
THEIR TRAUMA CAME UP, THEN WE
COULD BRING IT UP, BUT WE NEVER
HAD TO DO THAT.
IT ALWAYS CAME UP SPONTANEOUSLY,
BUT NOT NECESSARILY RIGHT AWAY.
WE ENCOURAGED PEOPLE TO BE OPEN
TO THE IDEA THAT KIND OF THEIR
OWN INNER HEALING, INTELLIGENCE,
WOULD BRING WHATEVER EXPERIENCE
NEEDED TO COME.
IT SEEMS THAT MDMA HELPS PEOPLE
STAY IN WHAT'S CALLED AN
OPTIMAL AROUSAL ZONE.
>> SO, ONE OTHER UNIQUE THING
ABOUT MDMA IS THAT IT INDUCES,
IN MOST PEOPLE, SORT OF A HEART
OPENING AND A SENSE OF
CONNECTEDNESS AND EMPATHY WITH
OTHER PEOPLE.
THAT MAY BE BECAUSE IT ENHANCES
OXYTOCIN RELEASE IN THE BRAIN, A
HORMONE THAT IS INVOLVED WITH
BONDING.
SO, I SUPPOSE, IN A WORLD WHERE
MORE PEOPLE WERE UNDERGOING
MDMA-ASSISTED PSYCHOTHERAPY, YOU
WOULD HAVE MORE PEOPLE WHO WERE
HAPPY AND RELAXED AND MORE
TRUSTING OF OTHER PEOPLE AND
MORE CARING AND MORE EMPATHIC.
>> MY TAKE ON IT IN GENERAL IS
THAT IT SOMEHOW ALLOWS ACCESS TO
AN EXPERIENCE THAT IS A
FUNDAMENTAL, INHERENT CAPACITY
THAT PEOPLE HAVE.
PEOPLE SEEM TO HAVE MORE EMPATHY
FOR OTHERS AND FOR THEMSELVES.
IT SEEMS AS IF IT REMOVES THE
OBSTACLES TO ACCESSING THAT
SENSE OF EMPATHY.
>> IN THE OLD TIME, YOU COULD GO
FOR 10 YEARS FOR MEDITATION, AND
THEN ONCE, IF YOU WERE LUCKY ON
THE WAY, YOU WOULD REALIZE, "AH,
THAT'S WHAT JESUS OR BUDDHA
MEANT."
NOW YOU CAN DO IT IN SIX HOURS,
IN ECSTASY.
IT WILL NOT KEEP, BUT YOU GET
THE INSIGHT.
AND IF THEN YOU ARE SERIOUS, YOU
CAN START TO WORK WITH THAT
INSIGHT.
BUT FIRST THE DOOR HAS TO OPEN.
>> IT WOULD NOT BE THE BEST USE
OF IT IF PEOPLE GET THE IDEA
THAT THE ONLY WAY YOU CAN FEEL
BETTER IS TO TAKE THE DRUG
AGAIN.
I THINK THAT GETS INTO A PATTERN
THAT'S NOT USEFUL.
>> PSYCHEDELIC IS A BEAUTIFUL
HELP TO OPEN THE DOOR, AS LONG
AS YOU ARE READY TO ACCEPT IT IS
NOT THE SOLUTION.
>> IT'S AN INTERESTING COMPOUND,
AND WE NEED TO KNOW MORE ABOUT
IT.
WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE RISKS
AND BENEFITS, AND THE ONLY WAY
YOU'RE REALLY GONNA UNDERSTAND
IT IS TO DO CLINICAL RESEARCH.
>> MARIJUANA, THE DRIED LEAVES
AND FLOWERS OF THE INDIAN HEMP
WEED, IS USED IN THE FORM OF THE
CIGARETTE.
MARIJUANA SMOKING, EXPERTS POINT
OUT, CAN MAKE A HELPLESS ADDICT
OF ITS VICTIM WITHIN WEEKS,
CAUSING PHYSICAL AND MORAL RUIN
AND DEATH.
SHOULD YOU EVER BE CONFRONTED
WITH THE TEMPTATION OF TAKING
THAT FIRST PUFF OF A MARIJUANA
CIGARETTE, DON'T DO IT!
>> ONE OF THE MOST REMARKABLE
ASPECTS ABOUT CANNABIS IS THAT
THE PLANT ITSELF CONTAINS
HUNDREDS AND HUNDREDS OF
DIFFERENT COMPOUNDS, MANY OF
WHICH ARE LIKELY TO HAVE
THERAPEUTIC VALUE.
NOW, MOSTLY, WE FOCUS ON THC,
WHICH IS, OF COURSE, THE
COMPONENT OF CANNABIS THAT
MAKES YOU STONED.
BUT THERE'S ANOTHER VERY
IMPORTANT COMPONENT CALLED
CANNABIDIOL.
BUT CANNABIDIOL ITSELF IS ALSO A
RELAXANT DRUG.
IT'S RECENTLY BEEN SHOWN TO
REDUCE ANXIETY.
IT MAY ALSO PROMOTE SLEEP.
>> EARLY MAN BEGAN TO USE
PSYCHOACTIVE POTIONS.
IN THE CAVE PAINTINGS, YOU CAN
SEE THE SIGNS OF AN ALTERED
STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS.
>> INITIALLY, OF COURSE, ANCIENT
PEOPLE DIDN'T HAVE ANY
UNDERSTANDING OF THINGS LIKE
THC, CHEMICAL MOLECULES, THESE
TYPES OF THINGS, THEIR EFFECTS
ON THE BRAIN.
AND THE EFFECTS OF PLANTS LIKE
CANNABIS, OPIUM, COCA,
MUSHROOMS, CACTI, WERE ALL
GENERALLY SEEN AS MAGICAL
EFFECTS THAT CAME TO THEM
THROUGH THE GODS.
>> SO, CANNABIS HAS A VERY BROAD
RANGE OF ACTIONS.
AND IT'S BEEN AROUND FOR 4,000
YEARS, SO IT'S NOT SURPRISING
THAT ITS UTILITY HAS BEEN WIDELY
EXPERIENCE AND WIDELY TESTED.
IT WAS VERY POPULAR WITH
QUEEN VICTORIA IN ENGLAND IN THE
1800s.
SHE USED IT TO TREAT PERIOD
PAINS.
SHE USED IT TO TREAT THE PAIN OF
CHILDBIRTH.
AND IN FACT IT WAS A LEGAL
MEDICINE IN BRITAIN UNTIL 1971.
AND THEN WHEN YOUNG PEOPLE
STARTED USING IT, IT WAS BANNED.
>> I CERTAINLY THINK WE HAVE
MADE MISTAKES IN PENALIZING
PEOPLE FOR MEDICINAL USE.
WE SAW SOME CASES THAT WERE
ABSOLUTELY LUDICROUS, PEOPLE
RAISING IT FOR THOSE PURPOSES,
WHO'D BEEN DIRECTED TO USE IT.
I THINK WE SHOULD OPEN UP THIS
WHOLE CAN OF WORMS.
AND I WOULD HOPE THAT THE
JUSTICE DEPARTMENT COULD WORK
WITH THIS COMMITTEE AND WORK
WITH MEMBERS OF CONGRESS AND
OTHER ADVOCATES AS TO HOW BETTER
TO ASSESS THE USE OF MARIJUANA.
>> CAN THEY COME UP WITH EVEN
ONE POSITIVE THING AS A RESULT
OF PROHIBITION OF MARIJUANA?
AND IF THEY START SAYING, "OH,
IT'S TO KEEP THE DRUGS AWAY FROM
OUR CHILDREN," THEY'RE WRONG.
IT'S EASIER FOR OUR YOUNG PEOPLE
TO GET MARIJUANA THAN ALCOHOL.
IF THEY'RE GOING TO SAY, "WELL,
WE'RE GOING TO REDUCE VIOLENCE,
WE'RE GOING TO PERPETUATE THE
RULE OF LAW," THEY'RE WRONG.
IT'S DOING THE ABSOLUTE
OPPOSITE.
60% OF ALL OF THE DRUG CARTELS'
PROFITS IN MEXICO COME FROM THE
SALE OF MARIJUANA, WITH ALL OF
THE DRUG-RELATED VIOLENCE THAT
GOES DOWN THERE.
IT ISN'T THE DRUGS THAT ARE
CAUSING THE HARM.
IT'S THE DRUG MONEY.
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
SAY THIS ALL THE TIME, THAT
THERE'S NO STUDY SHOWING THAT
MARIJUANA IS AN EFFECTIVE
MEDICINE.
AND YOU KNOW SOMETHING?
THEY'RE RIGHT.
HOWEVER, IT'S BEYOND HYPOCRISY
FOR THEM BECAUSE IT'S THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THAT CONTROLS
THE MARIJUANA.
AND NUMBERS OF REPUTABLE
GROUPS -- THE CENTERS FOR
DISEASE CONTROL, THE
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, AND
OTHERS -- HAVE REQUESTED TO
CONDUCT THE STUDIES, AND THEY'VE
BEEN DEPRIVED OF THAT
AUTHORIZATION.
>> SO, THERE'S NO RESEARCH
BECAUSE THE GOVERNMENT HASN'T
ALLOWED THE RESEARCH.
>> THE GOVERNMENT AFFIRMATIVELY
DOES NOT ALLOW THIS RESEARCH TO
TAKE PLACE, AND THEN THEY
SANCTIMONIOUSLY SAY, "WELL,
THERE'S NO RESEARCH THAT SHOWS
IT."
IT'S BEYOND HYPOCRISY.
I VIEW IT AS CHUTZPAH.
>> CANNABIS IS LESS HARMFUL TO
THE HEALTH THAN ALCOHOL OR
TOBACCO.
AND THEREFORE, IT IS COMPLETELY
OUT OF ORDER THAT IT SHOULD BE
IN THIS HIGH-PROHIBITED
CATEGORY.
>> TOBACCO, TO THE BEST OF MY
KNOWLEDGE, IS THE ONLY SUBSTANCE
THAT WE SELL IN THE
UNITED STATES THAT, WHEN USED AS
DIRECTED, CAUSES DEATH.
>> RIGHT. ABSOLUTELY.
>> SHOULDN'T WE BE INCORPORATING
TOBACCO INTO OUR DRUG POLICIES?
>> WELL, CERTAINLY, CERTAINLY.
>> AND THAT ARGUES MORE AND MORE
FOR IT BEING A PUBLIC-HEALTH
ISSUE RATHER THAN A CRIMINAL
ISSUE.
>> I THINK THE ULTIMATE THREAT
OF THESE SUBSTANCES, WHEN IT
COMES TO MODERN SOCIETY, IS
THEIR ABILITY TO BREAK CONSENSUS
TRENDS AND THROW PEOPLE INTO
LOOKING AT THINGS IN A NOVEL,
NEW WAY.
SOCIETY WENT THROUGH A MASSIVE
UPHEAVAL.
THERE WAS A SEXUAL REVOLUTION.
PEOPLE STARTED PROTESTING WARS.
AND THE GOVERNMENT THEMSELVES
DIRECTLY SOUGHT A RELATION
BETWEEN THIS AND DRUG USE,
PARTICULARLY CANNABIS USE.
>> WE MUST WAGE WHAT I HAVE
CALLED TOTAL WAR AGAINST PUBLIC
ENEMY NUMBER ONE IN THE
UNITED STATES -- THE PROBLEM OF
DANGEROUS DRUGS.
>> DRUGS ARE MENACING OUR
SOCIETY.
THEY'RE THREATENING OUR VALUES
AND UNDERCUTTING OUR
INSTITUTIONS.
>> RONALD REAGAN, FOR
INSTANCE -- HIS SON,
RONALD REAGAN JR., IN AN
INTERVIEW, WHEN QUESTIONED ABOUT
HIS MOTHER NANCY'S "JUST SAY NO"
CAMPAIGN AND HIS FATHER'S
SUPPORT FOR THE WAR ON DRUGS,
SAID IN RELATION TO MARIJUANA,
"IT'S NOT MARIJUANA, THE MILDLY
MIND-ALTERING SUBSTANCE.
IT'S MARIJUANA, THE ANTITHESIS
OF THE STATE."
>> AT THE TIME, I HAD NO REASON
TO BELIEVE THAT THERE WAS
ANYTHING SINISTER GOING ON.
>> THIS ESTATE LOOKS LIKE A
NICE PLACE TO RAISE A FAMILY,
BUT THIS SEEMINGLY SAFE SUBURB
WAS HIDING A DANGEROUS SECRET,
POLICE FINDING FIVE CANNABIS
GROW HOUSES ON TWO NEIGHBORING
STREETS.
>> I'M A BIT SCARED.
>> CHELSEA AND HER FAMILY LIVE
IN THE AREA, BUT ARE NOW MOVING
OUT SOLELY BECAUSE OF THE DRUG
RAID.
>> I'VE GOT RENTAL AGREEMENTS.
I'M GOING TO FIND ANOTHER PLACE
TO LIVE.
>> YEAH, CANNABIS HAS HAD A
ROUGH TIME OVER THE LAST CENTURY
OR SO.
AND ONE OF THE REAL PROBLEMS I
THINK WE HAVE NOW IS THAT
MEDICINAL CANNABIS IS ONLY
AVAILABLE IN SOME COUNTRIES,
STILL NOT AVAILABLE IN THE
UNITED KINGDOM, AND THAT'S A
SERIOUS LOSS AND IS A DETRIMENT
TO MANY OF OUR PATIENTS.
>> WE'VE DONE RESEARCH ON THE
DIFFERENT CONSTITUENTS OF
CANNABIS -- THC, WHICH GETS YOU
HIGH, CBD, WHICH IS AN AMAZING
COMPOUND WHICH IS ANTIPSYCHOTIC,
ANTIANXIOLYTIC, ANTIDIABETIC.
IT'S A VERY GOOD COMPOUND.
IT'S BEEN GROWN OUT OF THE CROP
BECAUSE THE CROP HAS BEEN
MODIFIED AND GROWN SO THAT IT
HAS AS HIGH THC AS POSSIBLE.
IT'S A TRAGEDY THAT OUR YOUTH
CAN ONLY GET THAT TYPE OF
CANNABIS, MORE OR LESS.
>> THERE'S A LOT TO BE LEARNED
ABOUT THAT, AND I THINK IT CAN
BE A REAL PROBLEM FOR KIDS USING
IT IN A WAY THAT DOESN'T HAVE
THAT KIND OF SET AND SETTING.
>> THERE'S A LOT OF LEARNED
KNOWLEDGE WHICH CAN MORE EASILY
BE PASSED ON IN A REGULATED
SYSTEM.
>> ON ONE HAND, WE DECRY THE
SCOURGE OF DRUG ABUSE.
ON THE OTHER HAND, WE SAY THAT,
YOU KNOW, YOU SHOULD TAKE DRUGS
INSTEAD OF DEALING WITH A
BEHAVIORAL PROBLEM, INSTEAD OF
IMPLEMENTING NOVEL THINGS SUCH
AS PARENTING -- KIDS ARE
BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS, SO THEY CAN
BE MEDICATED SO THAT THEY'RE NO
LONGER A PROBLEM.
AS A RESULT, WE HAVE A WHOLE
GENERATION THAT HAS GROWN UP TO
RELY ON DRUGS.
AND SO THEN THEY FIND OUT THAT
THE DRUGS THAT ARE PROHIBITED
ACTUALLY WORK MUCH BETTER THAN
THE PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS.
THEY'RE OFTEN MORE EFFECTIVE.
AND SO THEY CAN SEE NO REASON
NOT TO USE THOSE SUBSTANCES.
>> WHILE AUTISM IS NOT A
QUALIFYING MEDICAL CONDITION
LIKE CANCER OR SEVERE PAIN, IN
ALEX'S CASE, THE SEIZURES ARE.
HIS PARENTS GIVE HIM A LIQUID
FORM OF THE DRUG, AND AFTER A
FEW MONTHS OF TREATMENT, THE
ECHOLS SAY THEY SAW A DRAMATIC
IMPROVEMENT.
>> HE WENT FROM HITTING HIMSELF,
BLOODYING HIS FACE -- WITHIN AN
HOUR, HOUR AND A HALF, HE WOULD
BE PLAYING WITH TOYS, USING HIS
HANDS, SOMETHING THAT AT THAT
TIME WAS ALMOST UNHEARD OF.
>> THEY'RE NOT ADVOCATING THE
USE OF MEDICAL MARIJUANA FOR ALL
AUTISTIC CHILDREN, BUT THEY SAY
WALK A MILE IN THEIR SHOES, AND
THE TREATMENT MIGHT NOT SEEM SO
EXTREME.
>> SENIOR ARE THE
FASTEST-GROWING GROUP TAKING UP
POT.
A WARNING -- THIS REPORT DOES
CONTAIN DRUG REFERENCES.
>> I DON'T BELIEVE IN DRUGS.
BUT THEN I'VE ALSO NEVER BEEN
SOMEONE WHO'S SUFFERED FROM
PAIN.
MARIJUANA KEPT ME ALIVE.
>> I'VE TALKED TO SO MANY
PEOPLE -- ELDERS -- WHO SAID, "I
NEVER THOUGHT I WOULD DO
ANYTHING ILLEGAL IN MY ENTIRE
LIFE.
I'M A LITTLE OLD LADY WHO'S
FOLLOWED EVERY RULE I'VE EVER
HEARD OF.
BUT WHEN MY HUSBAND WAS
SUFFERING FROM CHEMOTHERAPY, I
FOUND MYSELF HUNTING FOR
MARIJUANA, AND I HAD TO GO
ACROSS THAT LINE TO FIND IT.
IT MADE ME REALIZE THAT NOT ALL
THE RULES ARE HERE TO PROTECT US
AND THAT SOMETIMES WE HAVE TO
LOOK BEYOND THOSE BOUNDARIES TO
FIND WHAT WE'RE ACTUALLY
ENTITLED TO HAVE."
>> AND CNN's CHIEF MEDICAL
CORRESPONDENT, DR. SANJAY GUPTA,
JOINS ME.
NOW, SANJAY, WELCOME TO YOU.
>> THANK YOU.
THANKS FOR HAVING ME.
>> SO, COME ON.
YOU'VE BEEN LOOKING AT THIS FOR
A YEAR, AND I WANT TO REMIND YOU
THAT IN 2009, YOU WROTE A TIME
MAGAZINE ARTICLE ENTITLED "WHY I
WOULD VOTE NO ON POT."
YOU'VE CHANGED YOUR MIND.
>> IF YOU LOOK AT ALL THE PAPERS
THAT ARE WRITTEN IN THE
UNITED STATES ABOUT MARIJUANA,
THE VAST MAJORITY OF THEM ARE
ABOUT THE HARM.
WE FUND STUDIES ON HARM.
WE DON'T FUND STUDIES ON BENEFIT
NEARLY AS MUCH, SO IT GIVES A
DISTORTED PICTURE.
BUT, YOU KNOW, I DIDN'T LOOK FAR
ENOUGH.
I DIDN'T LOOK DEEP ENOUGH.
I DIDN'T LOOK AT LABS IN OTHER
COUNTRIES THAT ARE DOING SOME
INCREDIBLE RESEARCH.
I DIDN'T LISTEN TO THE CHORUS OF
PATIENTS WHO SAID, "NOT ONLY
DOES MARIJUANA WORK FOR ME,
IT'S THE ONLY THING THAT WORKS
FOR ME."
I TOOK THE D.E.A. AT THEIR WORD
WHEN THEY SAID IT IS A
SCHEDULE 1 SUBSTANCE AND HAS NO
MEDICAL APPLICATIONS.
THERE WAS NO SCIENTIFIC BASIS
FOR THEM TO SAY THAT.
THE SCIENCE IS THERE.
THIS ISN'T ANECDOTAL.
THIS ISN'T IN THE REALM OF
CONJECTURE ANYMORE.
I MEAN, FOR A LONG TIME, WE'VE
JUST IGNORED THESE PAPERS, BUT
THIS WAS A DRUG, YOU KNOW, THAT
WAS USED FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS.
>> "AYAHUASCA" AND "YAGE" ARE
INDIAN WORDS FOR BANISTERIA
CAAPI.
THE LITERAL MEANING OF
"AYAHUASCA" IS "VINE OF THE
SOUL."
THIS POWERFUL HALLUCINOGEN HAS
BEEN CREDITED WITH THE ABILITY
TO TRANSPORT HUMAN BEINGS TO
REALMS OF CONSCIOUSNESS WHERE
TELEPATHY AND CLAIRVOYANCE ARE
COMMONPLACE.
THE AYAHUASCA RITUAL IS ABOUT
TO BEGIN.
>> WHAT I WAS INTO WAS LOOKING
AT HOW AMAZONIAN INDIANS THINK
ABOUT THEIR RESOURCES AND USE
THEM TO BE ABLE TO ARGUE AGAINST
THE WORLD BANK AND OTHER
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
AGENCIES THAT WERE ENACTING
THESE BIG DEFORESTATION PROJECTS
THAT WOULD TAKE LAND AWAY FROM
PEOPLE.
THIS WAS ABOUT HUMAN RIGHTS AND
ECOLOGICAL DESTRUCTION AND
TRYING TO MAKE THE WORLD A
BETTER PLACE.
SO, I HAD A VESTED INTEREST IN
SHOWING THAT THESE PEOPLE WERE
RATIONAL, BUT THE PROBLEM WAS,
WHEN ASKED, THEY SAID THAT THEIR
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE PLANTS CAME
FROM THE HALLUCINATIONS OF THEIR
SHAMANS.
"UM, MM. HMM. WELL, UM..."
AFTER CIRCLING AROUND THIS
QUESTION OF THE ORIGIN OF THEIR
KNOWLEDGE, FINALLY, ONE GUY
SAID, "BROTHER JEREMY, IF YOU
WANT TO KNOW THE ANSWER TO THAT
QUESTION, YOU HAVE TO DRINK
AYAHUASCA."
HE SAID, "IT'S THE TELEVISION OF
THE FOREST, AND YOU CAN SEE
IMAGES AND LEARN THINGS."
SO, YOU KNOW, I DECIDED TO
CHECK IT OUT.
PASTEUR TRIED IT, AND ALL THE
GREAT SCIENTISTS -- THEY TRY IT
ON THEMSELVES.
THAT'S ONE OF THE BEAUTIFUL
THINGS ABOUT SCIENCE.
[ WOMAN SINGING IN FOREIGN
LANGUAGE ]
>> IT'S NOT SUCH A RADICAL
PROPOSITION TO SEE PLANTS AS
BEING TEACHERS.
IN FACT, IT'S ONLY THE
ALIENATION OF WESTERN SCIENCE
FROM OUR ROOTS THAT CREATES THAT
APPARENT SPLIT.
I MEAN, FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS,
AROUND THE WORLD, MEDICINE WAS
BASED ON PLANTS.
>> THESE PSYCHOACTIVE CHEMICALS
IN SOME WAY ARE A
CO-EVOLUTIONARY MECHANISM, A WAY
THAT -- YOU KNOW, AND HERE'S
WHERE WE GET AWAY FROM SCIENCE
AND INTO SPECULATION, BUT A
CO-EVOLUTIONARY MECHANISM BY
WHICH THE COMMUNITY OF
SPECIES -- OR AT LEAST THE
COMMUNITY OF SENTIENT SPECIES --
HAS EVOLVED TO TALK TO THIS
PRIMATE, IF YOU WANT TO PUT IT
THAT WAY, A WAY TO SHARE THE
GNOSIS, SHARE THE KNOWLEDGE.
A FAMOUS BOTANIST ONCE SAID
PLANTS HAVE SUBSTITUTED
BIOSYNTHESIS FOR BEHAVIOR.
ANIMALS INTERACT WITH THEIR
ENVIRONMENT AND DEAL WITH THEIR
ENVIRONMENT PRIMARILY THROUGH
BEHAVIOR -- YOU KNOW, THE
FLIGHT-OR-FIGHT REACTION, ALL OF
THIS STUFF.
WE MOVE AROUND.
IF WE'RE THREATENED, YOU KNOW,
WE GET UP AND RUN AWAY.
PLANTS CAN'T DO THAT.
THEY'RE STUCK IN ONE PLACE.
SO, THEY MEDIATE THEIR
RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE
ENVIRONMENT THROUGH CHEMISTRY.
THAT'S WHY THEY'RE SUCH GREAT
CHEMISTS.
>> AND IF YOU ARE AN ANIMIST, A
PERSON WHO SEES THE SPIRIT OF
PLANTS AT WORK WITH AGENCY --
MEANING THE ABILITY TO CHOOSE,
TO INTERACT WITH ANOTHER
SPECIES...
>> SUDDENLY, THE WHOLE
RELATIONSHIP BECOMES MUCH MORE
COMPLICATED BECAUSE NOW THEY CAN
BE USED AS AN AGENT,
ESSENTIALLY, TO FORM A SYMBIOSIS
WITH THIS HYPERTROPHY-BRAINED
PRIMATE.
AND SO SUDDENLY THE WHOLE
EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIP, THE
CO-EVOLUTIONARY EQUATION, HAS
CHANGED.
THE PLANT HAS AN INCENTIVE TO
FORM A RELATIONSHIP WITH HUMAN
BEINGS.
>> I THINK IT'S VERY SIGNIFICANT
THAT WE TALK ABOUT THE SHAMANS'
EXPERIENCES AS AN OUT-OF-BODY
EXPERIENCE, THAT THE
EXPERIENTIAL SELF -- WHAT WE MAY
CALL THE SOUL OR THE SPIRIT OR
JUST OUR COGNITIVE POINT OF
REFERENCE -- BECOMES DETACHED
FROM THE BODY.
AND SO NOW WE HAVE THE
CAPABILITY TO LOOK AT THE WORLD
IN A WAY THAT IS MORE THAN JUST
THE BODY-BASED LIMITATIONS THAT
WE ORIGINALLY EVOLVED TO USE TO
UNDERSTAND THE PHYSICAL WORLD.
>> THERE IS A SENSE IN WHICH, IN
YOUR MIND, YOU RISE ABOVE
YOURSELF OR OUTSIDE OF YOURSELF,
AND YOU CAN SEE.
YOU SEE FILMS ABOUT YOURSELF.
>> [ CHANTING IN NATIVE
LANGUAGE ]
>> ONCE YOU DRINK, YOU SEE, AND
ONCE YOU SEE, THEN YOU CAN'T
UN-SEE.
JUST LIKE THEY SAY, YOU CAN TAKE
THIS STUFF, AND IT SHOWS YOU
THESE SPECTACULAR IMAGES THAT
TEACH YOU THINGS.
>> THERE'S A WISDOM IN THE
PSYCHE THAT BECOMES MORE AND
MORE APPARENT, OF JUST WHAT A
PARTICULAR PERSON MOST NEEDS TO
EXPERIENCE IN ORDER TO MATURE
PSYCHOLOGICALLY AND SPIRITUALLY.
>> IT IS OFTEN LIKE, "THAT IS
JUST WHAT I NEEDED TO KNOW --
PERHAPS NOT WHAT I WANTED TO
KNOW, BUT JUST WHAT I NEEDED TO
KNOW AT THAT MOMENT."
>> THOSE CULTURES WHERE
AYAHUASCA IS PART OF THE
CULTURE -- NO ONE USES IT
FRIVOLOUSLY.
THE KIDS DON'T GO OFF AND PARTY
WITH IT.
IT'S USED IN A VERY RESPECTFUL
WAY, WITH ELDERS, SHAMANS,
PEOPLE THAT KNOW HOW TO USE IT,
GUIDING AND HAVING A SAFE SET
AND SETTING.
THE MIND-SET OF THE SUBJECT AND
THE THERAPIST AND THE SETTING IN
WHICH IT OCCURS MAKES A HUGE
DIFFERENCE.
>> SO, I THINK THAT'S VERY
HOPEFUL BECAUSE YOU'RE SEEING
SORT OF A MIGRATION TOGETHER
AGAIN OF SHAMANISM, WHICH HAS
ALWAYS ESSENTIALLY BEEN A FORM
OF PSYCHOTHERAPY IN WHICH THE
USE OF THESE SUBSTANCES IS AN
INTEGRAL PART.
AND NOW THAT'S COMING TOGETHER
WITH CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY AND
CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE.
SO, I THINK THAT'S VERY
ENCOURAGING BECAUSE IT FORCES US
TO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT MIND AND
SPIRIT AND SOUL ARE ALL PART OF
THIS EQUATION.
>> IT'S TRUE THAT AYAHUASCA HAS
BECOME SURPRISINGLY POPULAR IN
THE WESTERN WORLD.
WHAT'S SURPRISING ABOUT IT IS
IT'S NOT NECESSARILY AN
ENJOYABLE EXPERIENCE.
IT'S A PURGE.
IT CAN MAKE YOU VOMIT AND SO ON.
I MEAN, YOU KNOW, IT'S NOT
EXACTLY A PARTY DRUG.
>> I MUST SAY, YOU WOULDN'T
DRINK AYAHUASCA OUT OF CEREMONY.
IT'S NOT ANYTHING THAT YOU DO
LIGHTLY, AND YOU WANT TO BE
DOING IT WITH PEOPLE WHO HAVE
BEEN THERE BEFORE, WHO ARE
HELPING YOU, AND WHO KNOW WHAT
THEY'RE DOING.
>> BUT I REMEMBER AFTER ONE OF
THESE SESSIONS KIND OF
INNOCENTLY SAYING TO THE MEN WHO
I'D BEEN UP ALL NIGHT WITH -- I
SAID, "MY GOD, THIS STUFF IS
REALLY INCREDIBLE.
I MEAN, IT JUST SEEMS TO -- IT'S
TERRIFYING.
I MEAN, SOME OF THE VISIONS
JUST, YOU KNOW -- DON'T YOU GUYS
GET SCARED?"
AND THEY JUST SAID, YOU KNOW,
"YEAH, YOU KNOW, IT SCARES THE
HECK OUT OF US."
THE IDEA IS TO SORT OF RIP
THROUGH THE PLACENTA OF ORDINARY
CONSCIOUSNESS TO ACHIEVE SOME
KIND OF ILLUMINATION, BUT NOBODY
SAID THE JOURNEY WAS SUPPOSED TO
BE PLEASANT.
>> IT'S NOTHING I PARTICULARLY
EITHER LOOK FORWARD TO OR ENJOY
VERY MUCH WHEN IT HAPPENS.
BUT AFTER IT HAPPENS, THERE'S A
KIND OF CLARITY AND A LIGHTNESS
THAT'S POWERFUL BECAUSE WHAT'S
BEING PURGED, ACTUALLY, IS
PSYCHIC CONTENTS THAT YOU'VE
BEEN HOLDING ON TO.
YOU'RE PURGING ANGER.
YOU'RE PURGING PAIN.
YOU'RE PURGING SOME FALSE STORY
ABOUT THE SELF.
>> WHAT FASTER WAY, IF YOU'RE A
WESTERNER, TO SORT OF FIND AN
ANTIDOTE TO SHOPPING,
MATERIALISM, AND LACK OF MEANING
BY HAVING THIS EXPERIENCE?
[ WOMAN SINGING IN FOREIGN
LANGUAGE ]
>> WHAT WE HAVE WITNESSED HERE
IS THE SURVIVAL OF A TRADITION
ALMOST AS OLD AS MAN HIMSELF.
>> AND WHAT WE HAD DONE,
LIEUTENANT, WAS TO ESTABLISH
DEFINITELY AND FOR THE FIRST
TIME, THROUGH CAREFUL
EXPERIMENTS, THAT MAN, AT
PRESENT, IS USING ONLY A
FRACTION OF HIS BRAIN CAPACITY,
ESPECIALLY IN THE FIELD OF
AWARENESS, AND THAT CERTAIN
DRUGS ARE POWERFUL DEVICES FOR
EXPANDING THIS AWARENESS TOWARD
ITS REAL POSSIBILITIES.
>> * BROTHER AND SISTER
* TOGETHER WE'LL MAKE IT
THROUGH *
* OH, YEAH
* SOMEDAY OUR SPIRIT WILL TAKE
YOU AND GUIDE YOU THERE *
* AND I'LL BE THERE JUST HELPING
YOU OUT WHENEVER I CAN *
>> * EVERYBODY'S FREE
>> * EVERYBODY'S FREE
* OH, YEAH-AH-AH
* OH, TO FEEL GOOD
>> THE SUCCESSFULLY MARKETED
SEROTONIN ANTIDEPRESSANTS WHICH
CAME INTO CONSUMER USE IN THE
1980s WERE SOLD AS MECHANICAL
FIX-ITS.
IN THE MARKETER'S DREAM, THE
COMPLEX SYSTEM OF SELF AND
ENVIRONMENT WAS DISTILLED INTO A
PILL TO BE CHEERFULLY SWALLOWED
ON A DAILY BASIS, OFFERING THE
PROMISE THAT YOU WOULD RETURN TO
THE PERSONA OF A PRODUCTIVE AND
CONTENTED CITIZEN.
>> THIS IDEA THAT WE CAN SOMEHOW
MEDICATE OURSELVES INTO A STATE
OF HAPPINESS -- THIS ENCOURAGES
DRUG DEPENDENCE, AND IT
ENCOURAGES PEOPLE TO NOT REALLY
EXAMINE THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE
PROBLEM THAT MADE THEM FEEL BAD
IN THE FIRST PLACE BECAUSE YOU
CAN SIMPLY MASK THE SYMPTOMS.
>> IT'S NOT LIKE ANY INDIVIDUAL
IS WRONG TO DO THAT.
IT'S THE PICTURE THAT'S WRONG.
THE INDIVIDUALS ARE SUFFERING,
CLEARLY, YOU KNOW?
WE HAVE TO HAVE COMPASSION FOR
PEOPLE LOOKING FOR SOLUTIONS TO
THEIR PERSONAL PROBLEMS IN
WHATEVER WAY THEY CAN, BUT IT
DOESN'T SEEM THAT MEDICINES THAT
DAMPEN YOUR DESIRES AND DAMPEN
YOUR IDENTITY AND DAMPEN YOUR
CARING ABOUT THIS WORLD ARE GOOD
MEDICINES FOR THE INDIVIDUAL OR
FOR THE PLANET.
>> OVERBURDENED BY THEIR HMO
SCHEDULES, DOCTORS NO LONGER
HAVE THE TIME TO WORK THROUGH
SERIOUS ISSUES WITH THEIR
PATIENTS.
THEIR ONLY RECOURSE IS TO
ISSUE A QUICK PRESCRIPTION.
>> THAT'S ONE OF THE PROBLEMS
AND WHY IT'S DIFFICULT FOR DRUGS
LIKE LSD OR THE OTHER
PSYCHEDELICS TO BE INTEGRATED
INTO THE MEDICAL MODEL -- IT'S
AN EXPERIENCE.
A THERAPIST HAS TO ACTUALLY SIT
DOWN WITH THE PERSON AND TALK
WITH THEM.
>> DEPRESSION AND OTHER TYPES OF
MENTAL ILLNESSES ARE UNDERSTOOD
TO BE CHEMICAL IMBALANCES IN THE
BRAIN.
IT'S VERY RARE THAT, WHEN AN
SSRI IS PRESCRIBED, THAT
ACTUALLY MEASUREMENTS ARE TAKEN
TO ESTABLISH THAT THERE ARE
CHEMICAL IMBALANCES.
>> I DON'T THINK THAT CHEMISTRY
EXPLAINS DEPRESSION.
SO, THE IDEA THAT DEPRESSION CAN
BE RELATED SIMPLY TO SOME
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES -- I THINK
IT'S A VERY INADEQUATE THEORY.
BENEATH DEPRESSION ARE BASICALLY
TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES.
FROM OUR PERSPECTIVE, THAT'S A
SYMPTOM THAT WE HAVE SEEN MOST
FREQUENTLY CHANGED.
VERY PROFOUNDLY, WE HAVE SEEN
PEOPLE COMING OUT OF DEEP
DEPRESSION LASTING SEVERAL
YEARS, SOMETIMES AFTER ONE
SESSION.
>> THE COMPANIES ARE NOT
INTERESTED TO HEAR ABOUT A
TREATMENT THAT MAY NEED JUST TO
BE GIVEN ONCE OR TWICE, THAT
COULD MAKE A HUGE DIFFERENCE TO
PEOPLE.
>> AS FAR AS THE DOMINATING
CULTURE, THE PHARMACEUTICAL,
INDUSTRIAL GOVERNMENT COMPLEX --
IT'S NOT THAT THEY DON'T WANT
YOU TO BE ON DRUGS.
THEY WANT YOU TO BE ON DRUGS.
THEY JUST WANT YOU TO BE ON
CORPORATE DRUGS.
>> BUT WHAT ABOUT THE
PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES?
COULDN'T THEY MAKE A LOT OF
MONEY BY TURNING ALL THESE
SUBSTANCES INTO PHARMACEUTICAL
PRODUCTS?
>> ALL OF THESE DRUGS ARE OFF
PATENT.
MDMA -- PATENTED IN 1914 -- IT'S
IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN.
LSD -- FIRST SYNTHESIZED IN
'38 -- IT'S IN THE PUBLIC
DOMAIN.
PSILOCYBIN WAS FIRST SYNTHESIZED
IN THE '50s.
IT'S IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN.
MARIJUANA IS A PLANT.
THESE THINGS ARE IN THE PUBLIC
DOMAIN.
>> THE CORPORATE, GOVERNMENT
APPROACH IS, "IF WE CAN'T PATENT
IT, LET'S PROHIBIT IT."
ALL YOU DO BY BANNING THESE
THINGS PREEMPTIVELY IS YOU
CREATE A BLACK MARKET.
YOU CREATE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR
SOMEBODY TO GET VERY RICH BY
DEALING IN, YOU KNOW, WHAT IS
NOW A PROHIBITED SUBSTANCE, AND
YOU MOTIVATE INTREPID
PSYCHONAUTS TO EXPERIMENT EVEN
MORE.
>> THERE ARE MANY PEOPLE WHO ARE
USING SUBSTANCES -- ALL KINDS OF
DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES, LEGAL AND
ILLEGAL -- "JUST GIVE ME
SOMETHING, LET'S JUST FORGET WHO
I AM AND WHAT'S GOING ON."
AND MEDICINE IS THE OPPOSITE --
"LET'S EXPLORE WHO I AM AND
LET'S UNDERSTAND IT."
>> PSYCHEDELICS OPEN UP THE DOOR
TO OUR INNER PSYCHE.
SO, WE HAVE HUMAN EXPERIENCES
UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A
PSYCHEDELIC RATHER THAN A
PSYCHEDELIC EXPERIENCE THAT'S
SOMEHOW OR OTHER INTRINSIC TO
THE DRUG.
>> A FLOOD OF FINDINGS WITH DRUG
ADDICTS AND CONVICTED FELONS
SHOWED THAT THESE SUBSTANCES
COULD RECONDITION BEHAVIOR,
ENABLING THEM TO MAKE DRAMATIC
CHANGES IN THEIR LIVES.
AFTER PARTICIPATING IN ONE OF
THESE EXPERIMENTS HIMSELF,
ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS FOUNDER
BILL WILSON BECAME CONVINCED
THAT LSD COULD CURE CHRONIC
ALCOHOLISM.
IN A SERIES OF STUDIES CONDUCTED
BETWEEN 1954 AND 1960,
DR. HUMPHRY OSMOND PROVED HIM
RIGHT, TREATING 2,000 ALCOHOLICS
WITH LSD UNDER CAREFULLY
CONTROLLED CONDITIONS AND
ACHIEVING A SUCCESS RATE THAT
HAD NEVER BEEN DUPLICATED BY ANY
OTHER MEANS.
>> WE'VE TURNED THE CORNER ON
DRUG ADDICTION IN THE
UNITED STATES.
DRUG ADDICTION IN THE
UNITED STATES IS UNDER CONTROL.
>> FIRST OF ALL, THE WORD
"ADDICTION" ITSELF COMES FROM
THE LATIN WORD "ADDICTUS."
AN ADDICTUS WAS SOMEBODY WHO
OWED SOMEBODY MONEY, COULDN'T
PAY IT BACK, AND HAD TO BECOME A
SLAVE TO THEM.
SO, ADDICTION ALWAYS IMPLIES
SLAVERY.
THAT OF COURSE INCLUDES DRUGS,
BUT ALSO INCLUDES SHOPPING,
SEXOHOLISM, ADDICTION TO POWER,
ADDICTION TO WEALTH, ADDICTION
TO VIOLENCE, ADDICTION TO WORK.
ANYTHING THAT WE TRY AND USE TO
FILL THE INTERNAL VOID CAN
BECOME ADDICTIVE.
ON TOP OF THAT, OF COURSE, WE
LIVE IN A SOCIETY THAT VALUES
EXTERNALS.
EVERYBODY GETS THE MESSAGE THAT
THEY'RE NOT ADEQUATE BECAUSE
THOSE PERCEPTIONS OF NOT BEING
ADEQUATE IS WHAT DRIVE A LOT OF
CONSUMERISM.
SO, THIS SOCIETY AUTOMATICALLY
AND UNCONSCIOUSLY GENERATES
INSECURITY IN ALMOST EVERYBODY,
WHICH OF COURSE IS AN ALIENATION
FROM THE SELF, WHICH OF COURSE
IS A SOURCE OF INTERNAL DISTRESS
AND PAIN, WHICH AGAIN LEADS TO
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS.
>> THE SEROTONERGIC
HALLUCINOGENS IN PARTICULAR --
THEY'RE CLASSIFIED AS DRUGS OF
ADDICTION, BUT THEY DON'T INDUCE
ADDICTIVE SYNDROMES IN ANY WAY
THAT WE CAN MEASURE THEM, EITHER
IN ANIMAL MODELS OR IN HUMAN
MODELS.
AND IN FACT, IN A WAY, THEY'RE
MISCLASSIFIED AS HAVING HIGH
ADDICTIVE POTENTIAL.
AND THE REALITY IS, WHEN USED
UNDER THE RIGHT KIND OF
CONSTRUCTS, THEY CAN ACTUALLY BE
USED TO TREAT ADDICTIVE SPECTRUM
DISORDERS.
>> THESE DRUGS ARE ILLEGAL.
AND ONE REMEMBERS
PROFESSOR DAVID NUTT.
I MEAN, IT GOT SO MANY HEADLINES
AT THE TIME.
HE WAS SACKED BY THE FORMER HOME
SECRETARY FOR HIS ADVICE, SAYING
THAT ECSTASY AND LSD WERE LESS
HARMFUL THAN ALCOHOL.
SHOULD, PERHAPS, PEOPLE VIEW
THIS IN THE CONTEXT THAT THERE
IS SOMEONE PERHAPS WHO JUST
GENERALLY WANTS LESS REGULATION
OF SOME OF THESE DRUGS?
>> WELL, THIS IS A VERY SPECIFIC
APPLICATION OF THE DRUGS.
IT'S A MEDICAL APPLICATION, AND
THESE ARE PRELIMINARY RESULTS.
AND SO WE'RE INTERESTED IN THE
POTENTIAL OF THE DRUG.
SO, REALLY, IT DOESN'T DIRECTLY
IMPLICATE THE POLICY ISSUES.
WE'RE MORE INTERESTED IN BEING
ABLE TO RESEARCH THESE DRUGS FOR
THEIR POTENTIAL BENEFITS.
>> NO THEORY OF NEUROSCIENCE, NO
THEORY OF THE BRAIN AND HOW THE
BRAIN IS RELATED TO
CONSCIOUSNESS WILL EVER BE
COMPLETE IF IT DOESN'T TAKE
THESE PHENOMENA INTO ACCOUNT.
>> I WENT TO LONDON A COUPLE OF
YEARS AGO, WHERE THERE WAS SOME
PSYCHIATRIST REALLY TRYING TO
OPEN UP JUST EVEN LOOKING AT
WHAT THE OLD RESEARCH WITH LSD
HAS SHOWN, WHAT THE OLD AND
CURRENT RESEARCH ON MDMA HAS
SHOWN.
AND THEY'RE JUST TRYING AT THAT
LEVEL.
NO ONE'S DOING ANY RESEARCH.
THEY'RE JUST TRYING TO
REINTRODUCE THE FACT THAT THESE
DRUGS WERE USED, HAD GREAT
THERAPEUTIC RESULTS.
AND FOR SOME REASON, THE WHOLE
THING WAS SHUT DOWN AND
SQUASHED.
>> FOR VARIOUS COMPLICATED AND
MISPLACED REASONS, THESE
SUBSTANCES, WHICH HISTORICALLY
HAVE ALWAYS BEEN TOTALLY SACRED,
AT THE CENTER OF THE CULTURAL
EVOLUTION OF MAN -- THEY'VE BEEN
SHOVED IN THE BAG OF ILLEGALITY.
>> THE POWERS THAT BE HAVE HELD
THAT THESE THINGS SHOULD NOT BE
ALLOWED.
THEY'RE STILL ILLEGAL
GENERALLY -- NOT ALL OF THEM,
BUT MANY OF THEM.
THEY'RE HELD OUTSIDE -- NOT IN
OTHER COUNTRIES NECESSARILY, NOT
IN EVERY COUNTRY -- THE
COUNTRIES WHERE THEY'RE
TRADITIONS, NO, THAT PART OF
THEIR INNATE CHARACTER OF THEIR
PEOPLE AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO
THE LAND COMES THROUGH THESE
MEDICINES.
WHY WOULD THEY MAKE THEM
ILLEGAL?
THEY WOULD TEAR THE PEOPLE AWAY
FROM THEIR OWN HISTORY, FROM
THEIR OWN LAND, FROM THEIR OWN
SENSE OF NATURE, FROM THEIR OWN
HEALTH.
>> OUR DECISIONS THAT OUR
GOVERNMENTS MAKE ABOUT THE
APPLICABILITY OF THESE
SUBSTANCES FOR THE TREATMENT OF
VERY IMPORTANT MEDICAL PROBLEMS
ARE NOT BASED UPON SCIENTIFIC
EVIDENCE.
THEY'RE BASED UPON A
PROHIBITIONIST ATTITUDE THAT
SAYS THESE ARE DANGEROUS DRUGS
WITHOUT ANY MEDICAL USES
WHATSOEVER, IN SPITE OF THE FACT
THAT WE HAVE EVIDENCE THAT THESE
SUBSTANCES HAVE BEEN USED FOR
MEDICAL PURPOSES FOR TENS OF
THOUSANDS OF YEARS.
BUT BECAUSE OF GOVERNMENT
REGULATIONS, WE'RE DENYING MAJOR
ASPECTS OF OUR POPULATION ACCESS
TO MEDICINES THAT THEY DEARLY
NEED.
>> ONE DAY IF THESE DRUGS ARE
RESCHEDULED, OF COURSE THEY
WOULD HAVE TO BE USED IN
CAREFULLY CONTROLLED SETTINGS BY
TRAINED AND SKILLED PEOPLE WHO
HAD UNDERGONE, LET'S SAY,
PSYCHEDELIC, PSYCHOTHERAPY
TRAINING PROGRAMS.
AND THERE WOULD HAVE TO BE
OVERSIGHT AND REGULATION.
>> IF IT BECOMES APPROVED FOR
MEDICAL USE, THAT'S GONNA
INVOLVE A SOCIETAL CHANGE IN THE
MEDICAL PROFESSION, LEARNING HOW
TO USE THESE PROPERLY.
>> THE FUTURE OF PSYCHEDELICS ON
THE IMMEDIATE FRONT IS GETTING
THEM ACCEPTED INTO CLINICAL USE,
MAYBE ESTABLISHING CENTERS OR
TRAINING CLINICIANS WHO CAN USE
THEM IN PSYCHOTHERAPY AND HAVING
PLACES WHERE PEOPLE CAN GO AND
HAVE THESE EXPERIENCES, WHETHER
THEY HAVE SPECIFIC MENTAL OR
PHYSICAL PROBLEMS OR WHETHER
THEY JUST WANT TO GO FOR
SPIRITUAL EXPLORATION OF
CONSCIOUSNESS.
>> AND IT'S POSSIBLE -- AND I
THINK IT WOULD BE VERY
INTERESTING -- TO USE THEM NOT
JUST FOR DISEASE STATES, BUT TO
ENHANCE HUMAN GROWTH, SPIRITUAL
GROWTH, AND BEING MORE EMPATHIC
AND CONNECTED AND PERHAPS BETTER
HUMAN BEINGS.
>> IF WE LOOK AT OUR WORLD, WE
ARE INTELLECTUALLY,
TECHNOLOGICALLY VASTLY
OVERDEVELOPED, WITH VERY
PRIMITIVE EMOTIONS.
AND THAT'S WHY THE WORLD IS AT
RISK.
>> AND THAT SEEMS TO BE THE
MESSAGE THAT ONE GETS FROM
PSYCHEDELICS, IS, YOU KNOW,
"WAKE UP."
WE'RE POTENTIALLY THE SALVATION
OF THE PLANET AND ALSO
POTENTIALLY THE DESTRUCTION OF
THE PLANET.
AND IT MAY BE THAT MESSENGER
MOLECULES ARE A WAY TO TRY TO
INITIATE THIS DIALOGUE.
>> WELL, I THINK THE PEOPLE WHO
WOULD BENEFIT MOST OF ALL ARE
PROFESSORS.
I THINK IT WOULD BE EXTREMELY
GOOD FOR ALMOST ANYBODY WITH
FIXED IDEAS AND WITH A GREAT
CERTAINTY ABOUT WHAT'S WHAT TO
REALIZE THAT THE WORLD HE HAS
CONSTRUCTED IS BY NO MEANS THE
ONLY WORLD, THAT THERE ARE THESE
EXTRAORDINARY OTHER TYPES OF
UNIVERSE WHICH WE MAY INHABIT
AND WHICH WE SHOULD BE VERY
GRATEFUL FOR INHABITING, I
THINK.
>> PSYCHEDELICS -- THEY HELP
PEOPLE BECOME AWARE OF THE
MULTIDIMENSIONAL NATURE OF THE
UNIVERSE AND OF THEMSELVES.
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
TRANSFORMATION AT EVERY LEVEL --
PHYSICAL, EMOTIONAL, MENTAL,
SPIRITUAL.
>> THIS REDISCOVERY OF THE
SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF PSYCHEDELICS
IS OPENING THE DOOR TO THE STUDY
OF MANY ASPECTS OF SPIRIT.
AND I THINK SCIENCE WILL BE MUCH
RICHER FOR IT.
>> IN ORDER TO USE THESE
MEDICINES, YOU HAVE TO BE REBEL
ENOUGH AGAINST A TABOO TO LOOK
AT THE TABOO.
AND THE WHOLE NATURE OF A TABOO
IS THAT IT'S AN AREA OF CULTURE
WHERE WE'RE TOLD, "DON'T LOOK
THERE.
IT'S NOT GOOD TO EVEN LOOK
THERE."
>> WE HAVE NO REAL CLEAR IDEA OF
ALL THE DIFFERENT PEOPLE THAT
HAVE BEEN INFLUENCED BY
PSYCHEDELICS -- KARY MULLIS, WHO
INVENTED POLYMERASE CHAIN
REACTION, FOR WHICH HE WON THE
NOBEL PRIZE.
STEVE JOBS HAS WRITTEN IN HIS
AUTOBIOGRAPHY ABOUT HOW LSD WAS
ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT
EXPERIENCES OF HIS LIFE.
PSYCHEDELICS HAVE CATALYZED IN
MANY PEOPLE A CREATIVE PROCESS
THAT HAS LED THEM TO MAKE MAJOR,
PROFOUND DISCOVERIES THAT HAVE
CHANGED THE FACE OF THE WORLD.
>> THERE ONLY SEEMS TO BE ONE
INGREDIENT IN THE RECIPE OF
SOCIAL CHANGE THAT OUR
GENERATION HAS TRIED TO EXPUNGE
FROM THE RECORD, AND THAT'S THE
FACT THAT MILLIONS OF US LAY
PROSTRATE BEFORE THE GATES OF
AWE, HAVING TAKEN SOME
PSYCHEDELIC SUBSTANCE.
AND CRITICS WHO'D ALWAYS SAY,
"DON'T TAKE THESE DRUGS BECAUSE
THEY'RE GONNA CHANGE YOUR LIFE
FOREVER" -- WHAT THEY DIDN'T
UNDERSTAND IS THAT WAS THE
ENTIRE POINT.
>> I THINK IT'S UNWISE TO BE SO
SCARED OF THE POSSIBLE RISKS OF
THESE DRUGS, WHICH THERE ARE
POSSIBLE RISKS.
THERE'S RISKS IN ANYTHING.
I MEAN, THERE'S RISK IN DRIVING
A CAR.
THERE'S RISK IN CROSSING A
STREET.
BUT TO BE SO SCARED OF THEM AS
TO MAKE THEM ILLEGAL AND
INACCESSIBLE TO ANYONE AND NOT
EVEN WANT TO RESEARCH THEM OR
NOT EVEN WANT TO THINK ABOUT
THEM -- WHY WOULD WE DO THAT?
ARE WE SO SURE THAT WE CAN SOLVE
ALL THE PROBLEMS THAT CONFRONT
US, THAT WE WANT TO THROW AWAY A
POSSIBLE TOOL THAT CAN EXPAND
CONSCIOUSNESS, THAT COULD
POSSIBLY, YOU KNOW, GIVE US SOME
MORE INSIGHTS AND SOME MORE
POSSIBILITIES OF HOW TO RESOLVE
THE DIFFICULTIES THAT WE'RE
FACING?
I THINK NOT.
>> WE HAD THIS CONFLICT IN THE
'60s, WHEN PSYCHEDELICS WENT
WRONG.
WHAT, I THINK, IS EVEN DEEPER
IS, WHEN PSYCHEDELICS GO RIGHT,
NOT ONLY WOULD THESE DRUGS HAVE
THE POTENTIAL TO BE USEFUL IN
PSYCHOTHERAPY, THEY HAVE THE
POTENTIAL TO BE USEFUL IN THE
EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN SPECIES,
AND THAT THEY COULD MAKE A MAJOR
CONTRIBUTION TO THE SURVIVAL OF
THE PLANET.
>> "ETERNITY IN AN HOUR."
IT'S ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE, OF
COURSE, AS ALL THE PATIENTS SAY,
TO DESCRIBE IT.
THERE ARE THE COLORS AND THE
BEAUTIES, THE DESIGNS, THE
BEAUTIFUL WAY THAT THINGS
APPEAR.
PEOPLE THEMSELVES, DULL
PEOPLE -- THAT I THOUGHT DULL --
APPEAR FASCINATING, INTERESTING,
MYSTERIOUS, WONDERFUL.
BUT THAT'S ONLY THE BEGINNING.
SUDDENLY YOU NOTICE THAT THERE
AREN'T THESE SEPARATIONS, THAT
WE'RE NOT ON A SEPARATE ISLAND,
SHOUTING ACROSS TO SOMEBODY ELSE
AND TRYING TO HEAR WHAT THEY'RE
SAYING AND MISUNDERSTANDING
THEM.
THERE'S THINGS FLOWING
UNDERNEATH.
WE'RE PARTS OF A SINGLE
CONTINENT.
IT MEETS UNDERNEATH THE WATER,
AND WITH THAT GOES SUCH DELIGHT,
THE SOBER CERTAINTY OF WAKING
BLISS.
[ AMY ARENA'S "LIQUID REALITY"
PLAYS ]
>> * I'M LIVING IN A NEW DREAM
* WITH A PAINTBRUSH IN MY HAND
* MY VISION'S KIND OF GRAINY
* LIKE THE PARTICLES OF SAND
* AND I FEEL THAT MAYBE THERE IS
SOMETHING MORE HERE *
* I FEEL THAT MAYBE THERE'S A
SECRET DOOR HERE *
* AND I'M READY TO GO THROUGH
THIS LIQUID REALITY *
* READY TO FLOW THROUGH THIS
LIQUID REALITY *
* I'M READY TO GO THROUGH THIS
LIQUID REALITY *
* TO THE NEXT DIMENSION