Journey to the Edge of the Universe (2008) - full transcript
A journey through space and time.
The night sky,
We look up and think,
What's up there?
Where does?
When did you start?
We could stay forever, wondering ...
... or we can prepare us to see the
universe for ourselves,
and travel as far as you can go.
To feel the tremendous heat
of burning stars,
face the forces of
strong cosmic collisions.
avoid dead stars
and super-hole mass
insatiable black.
Witness the birth of new stars,
and to the limit of human comprehension.
We have to take a trip back in time
to the early universe,
see with their own eyes,
the moment when it all started,
o Big Bang.
You are soon?
So let's go,
a journey
to the limits of the universe.
TO TRAVEL LIMITS OF THE UNIVERSE
This is the beginning of space,
only 100 km above,
just an hour drive from home.
Down there,
life goes on ,
traffic continues to walk,
shares are traded
and continue to be transmitted
the same reality shows .
But we have to leave it all behind
and move to the limit of the universe.
First stop,
to take.
Twenty-seven American astronauts
made this way before us,
twelve of which they walked on the Moon itself.
When the Apollo astronauts
sent a message via radio,
the message about took a second
to reach Earth,
even traveling at the speed of light,
300,000 kilometers per second.
So Mission Control heard him what
was going on after it happened.
If there is a second difference
between us and the nearest neighbor,
imagine the difference up
to the Universe limit.
We do not turn back a few seconds,
but billions of years.
Less than 400 000 kilometers from Earth,
three days in a spacecraft.
It looks like a desert battlefield,
bombarded by millions of
meteroritos and asteroids.
But now it's quiet.
Of course, there are no major
collisions for millions of years.
The Apollo 11 lunar module.
For astronauts Appolo,
the risks were high,
but the rewards
were still higher.
See our planet,
as had never been seen,
walk
where no man had walked before
and visit another world,
a world destroyed by the
deadly radiation from the sun.
It's just endless frozen lava,
piles of gray rocks
uninteresting.
Apollo astronauts brought hundreds
of them for scientists to analyze,
and found that these
gray rocks uninteresting
after all they were not so uninteresting.
NASA scientists discovered that
the rocks were super-heated,
evidence of a massive impact.
There are 4.5 billion years ago,
a wandering planet crashed into Earth,
and projected billions of tons
of molten rock into space.
And that joined to form the Moon.
Until this discovery,
We thought that the moon does not
was related to the Earth,
a space rock controlled by the
powerful force of Earth's gravity.
Now we know that is made of the same
material as our planet.
To take
He came from Earth.
The first steps of Neil Armstrong,
It seems to have been made yesterday.
And no wind here to make them disappear,
shall survive for millions of years.
It is time for us to take our giant leap,
further than any man has ever traveled.
Out of the darkness,
the goddess of love,
Venus.
The morning star,
the evening star.
Venus is the planet of the system
brighter Solar.
Its spectacular yellow clouds
reflect the light the sun.
A sister of our planet.
It has more or less the same size
and the same Earth's gravity.
More spacecraft to Venus
tells us that these views clouds
are made of deadly sulfuric acid,
that the planet's atmosphere
It is blocked by carbon dioxide.
Venus is a goddess angry.
The air is harmful,
intolerable pressure
and it is hot,
approximately 500 degrees Celsius.
Staying too long,
we would be corroded, suffocated,
crushed and boiled.
Nothing can survive here.
Like this.
It is the unmanned Soviet probe Venera.
Their heavy armor is being eroded
by the extreme atmosphere.
So beautiful Earth,
close up view of
Venus is the sister of Hell,
marked by hundreds of volcanoes.
All that carbon dioxide in its
atmosphere is to retain the sun's heat.
This is global warming
taken to the extreme.
Before that,
maybe Venus was calm,
as the sister planet Earth.
If it's true,
this may be the future of our planet.
A future shaped by the sun.
But before we get to it,
We have it,
Mercury,
the smallest planet in the Solar System.
Approaching the sun too,
and this is what happens.
Temperatures here vary wildly,
night are 170 degrees below zero,
by noon,
400 are positive.
Burned, ice cream,
and covered with scars,
it seems that Mercury
had a violent past.
A sonda espacial Messenger
It is telling us something strange.
For its size, this small planet
has a powerful gravitational pull.
It must be heavier than it looks.
It's like a huge ball of iron
covered by a thin layer of rock,
the core of what once
was a much larger planet.
So where's the rest of it?
Perhaps a wandering planet
has shocked Mercury,
launching into space of
its outer layers,
leaving the planet
almost entirely made of metal.
The sun,
in all its splendor mesmerizing.
Everything we do,
is controlled by the sun.
All our lives
depend on it.
Throughout history,
across cultures,
is the axis around
which life revolves on Earth,
maturing our crops,
structuring our day,
inspiring our beliefs.
150 million kilometers from home,
a trip 20 years by plane,
turning it off,
so far away,
not we would know for eight minutes.
It's so big, it could contain
a million Earths inside.
so heavy,
that its gravity controls the
entire solar system.
We see it every day,
a familiar face in our sky.
Closely,
It is unrecognizable.
A turbulent sea
of incandescent gas.
The thermometer rises above 5000 degrees.
Below the core,
should be tens of millions of degrees.
Hot enough to
trigger nuclear reactions,
transforming million
tons of matter into energy,
every second,
more than all the energy
ever produced by mankind.
My home
we see this energy as light,
and feel it as heat.
But up close,
there is nothing reassuring about the sun.
It is so full of activity
Electrical and magnetic,
exploding these huge and
incandescent gas ties,
called prominences,
each of which releasing more
energy than 10 million volcanoes.
We could spend the
earth by one of these ties
and still we would be tens of
kilometers to spare thousands.
And when burst,
exposing the colder lower layers,
causing sunspots.
They are more fraction
cooler than the surroundings,
this is why look black,
but still warmer
than anything on earth.
They are also massive,
some of them at least 50,000
kilometers in diameter,
enough to swallow the Earth.
A solar flare,
a super hot gas flow electrified,
spreading deadly radiation through space.
But one day
Sun fuel
it will end.
Die.
When I die,
will reap life on Earth.
The sun creates life
and destroy it.
It requires us to maintain distance.
It comet
He approached a lot.
It is to be evaporated by heat from the sun,
creating a tail extending
millions of kilometers.
It's freezing here.
There is no doubt where this comet came,
ice wastes of deep space.
Steam, geysers and dust,
is the sun again,
melting the cold heart of the comet.
It's kind of a big
dirty snowball,
tar covered.
Small grains of what
seems organic material,
preserved in the ice since,
God knows since when,
perhaps from the early solar system.
If a comet like this if you have crashed
on the young Earth billions of years ago,
it can be brought
organic material and water,
the basic ingredients of life.
And it may have sown the
seeds of life on Earth
which evolved to you and to me.
But collide with the Earth now,
only has to think of dinosaurs,
extinct by a
comet or asteroid that
crashed 65 million years,
to realize,
it would not be good news.
It's only a matter of time.
Eventually, one day,
unless we find a
way to protect,
we will face the same
fate as the dinosaurs.
The Earth is safe ...
...for now.
But if life on Earth is threatened,
we need to get away
and find a new home.
Among the millions, billions of planets,
there must be one that does not
is too hot,
not too cold,
air, sunlight,
Water.
The Red Planet,
inconfundivelmente, Mars.
For centuries, we look at
Mars looking for company,
for signs of life.
It sounds like science fiction,
but today the astronomers
think that Mars can be
the best chance of finding
extraterrestrial life.
Observe the planet,
digitalizam-not,
study it.
More than any other planet,
Mars holds our imagination.
Think of science fiction movies,
comics,
and will think of Martians.
It's all just fiction, right?
But what if there really is
something here?
If it exists,
You are living on a dead planet.
The processes that make
Earth habitable,
They stopped hundreds of
millions of years here.
Red...
... and dead,
... Mars is a giant fossil.
But there is wind here,
a whirlpool, a big one,
larger than the largest tornados on Earth.
And where there is wind,
no air,
air that can sustain extraterrestrial life.
But it is too thin
to be breathable,
filled with carbon dioxide suffocating.
There is nothing to protect Mars
from the sun's ultraviolet rays,
and it is cold,
as low as 80 degrees below zero,
freezing the water in the soil,
the poles and up in the atmosphere.
Neve.
It is hard to believe that
something can live here.
Back on Earth,
there are creatures that
survive the extreme cold,
hot,
even in the deep
, dark sea crevices.
Even in the most extreme conditions,
life ...
... usually finds a way.
But here, on Mars,
no geological activity to replenish
minerals and nutrients in the soil,
no heat to melt
its frozen water,
and all this dust,
It is hard to see how.
But the surface of Mars
It is marked with remarkable features.
So big,
it is impossible not to notice,
Mount Olympus,
an ancient volcano vast,
three times higher than Everest.
There are signs of activity.
Since its discovery in the 70s,
It was declared extinct.
Any lava flow
must have termindo long,
destroyed by meteorite impacts.
Unless,
this monster
is not dead after all.
If not, there may be magma flowing
beneath the crust right now.
Volcanic activity can
melt ice in the soil,
where life could survive.
This makes the Grand Canyon look like
one rachadela on the pavement.
There is no end.
It is so long,
that would extend throughout America.
And there are signs of erosion,
dry riverbeds,
as volcanic activity
has melted water in the soil,
sending water through this gap.
And if there is water running
on Mars right now,
so no chance of
finding life here.
So the hunt is launched.
Wandering through this desolate landscape,
or robot da NASA Opportunity.
Looking for evidence
that these barren plains
are ancient lakes or oceans,
that could have supported life.
And look at this.
When the orbiting Mars probes
pass over these ravines,
continue to find new ones.
More evidence
that Mars may be very much alive,
that there may be liquid water
beneath its surface,
yielding these gullies
Water
that can sustain life on Mars.
Now all we have to do,
It is to find it.
But perhaps already we have found,
because, incredibly,
Mars may have been the place
where the life of the
Earth has had origin.
It seems crazy,
but there is a theory
that life began here,
before moving to Earth.
The idea is that an asteroid crashed,
releasing fragments of Mars
with tiny microbes
to space,
and the young Earth,
which sowed the seeds of life itself.
No wonder we consider
Mars fascinating,
It could be our ancestral home.
If it's true,
this means that we are all Martians.
thought
it was a dead planet,
but may be more alive than
ever imagined.
Mars,
possibly the planet in
the solar system most studied,
continues to baffle us.
So what other surprises will be out there,
waiting to be discovered?
This
It is like being inside a game
giant computer.
asteroids,
some with hundreds of
kilometers in diameter.
This should be about 30
kilometers long.
And look,
It must not have been easy to
land a probe on a
asteroid traveling at
8000 kilometers per hour.
It's too much effort to
study rock debris,
rocks collide,
depart,
and fall to Earth as meteorites.
Were rocks like those that
joined to form the planets,
including ours.
Thus, dating the meteorites
we find on Earth,
we know that the planets
were born 4.5 billion years ago.
These are the certificates of
birth of the solar system.
But for some reason,
these rocks have not joined a planet.
Something must have stopped him,
something powerful.
Jupiter,
that monster,
at least 1 000 times
greater than the earth.
So great that if they could get
all the other planets within it.
Something so big should have a
large effect on its neighbors.
Its gravity is preventing the
asteroids to form a planet.
But this huge planet
is almost all gas.
Landing here,
and we would sink
through its layers,
probably never
finding solid surface.
And the beautiful aspect of Jupiter,
It is the product of extreme violence.
It is spinning at an incredible speed,
causing winds of hundreds
of kilometers per hour,
contorting the clouds into
stripes, swirls, whirls.
This is it,
the legendary
Great Red Spot,
the largest and most violent
storm in the solar system,
at least three times the size of Earth,
It is roaring for more than 300 years.
All these choppy clouds should
trigger an electrical storm.
Lightning is only 10 000 times
more intense than any at home.
It seems that the best place,
the safest place to see Jupiter,
It is away.
Look at those lights,
Auroras appear at home,
dancing around the poles.
But even these are deadly.
Are generated by radiation
attracted lethal space
by powerful field
magnetic Jupiter.
Seductive distance,
terrifying closely,
on here...
...nothing is what it seems like.
The universe is full of contradictions.
We must proceed with caution,
among the 62 or more Jupiter moons.
Contact Esta multicolored
chama-if I do.
But as Jupiter,
your beauty,
It is only superficial.
These beautiful colors,
They are molten rock,
sulfur,
volcanoes, spewing hot ash sulfur
hundreds of kilometers into the air.
The strong gravitational force
Jupiter is to twist and stretch Io
creating enough friction to
melt the interior of this moon.
On our trip to the Universe limit,
we do not find life,
no place that
we can call home ...
...so far.
But there is always another planet, moon,
another world of possibilities,
just above the horizon.
How is it going,
Europe is,
another of Jupiter's moons.
650 million kilometers from home,
that place with strange aspect.
And yet it seems strangely familiar,
a bit like the Arctic,
with all that ice,
all those ridges and faults.
And maybe, like the Arctic,
this ice is floating in water,
liquid water.
It's a fascinating possibility,
but the 800 million kilometers from the Sun,
Europe should be solid ice.
Unless Jupiter gravity is
creating friction deep inside,
preventing Europe from freezing,
allowing life to develop in the
downstream of the frozen crust.
We may be a few meters from aliens,
a full microsystem of microbes,
crustaceans, even squid.
The only thing between us and the
possibility of extraterrestrial life,
This ice layer.
But until we send a ship
space drill the ice,
Europe will remain one of the
greatest mysteries of the solar system.
It has captivated our imagination,
haunted our dreams,
and here it is,
turning before our eyes,
Saturn,
the jewel in the crown of the solar system.
There is something magical about Saturn,
a giant ball of gas,
so light
that float in water.
Your spectacular, rings
extended arrive almost from Earth to the moon.
But they have only a few hundred
centimeters thick.
A Cassini
It is to catch emissions
spectral radio,
probably generated by auroras
around Saturn's poles.
This is the real music of the spheres.
And you're telling us that
these rings are almost
certainly the remains of a
moon shattered by the force
of Saturn gravity.
incomparable beauty
from complete destruction.
Billions of ice pieces,
some smaller than ice cubes,
other houses in size.
They collide, break off, join again,
It is like a photograph of
our young solar system,
with dust and gas orbiting
the newborn sun,
and gravity to do its magic,
picking up the pieces,
until waste like these,
our planet arose.
All objects orbiting Saturn,
They are technically moons,
from the smallest
chunk of ice to it,
greater than our moon,
Titan.
Is shrouded by clouds
thick orange,
But underneath them,
there seems to be an atmosphere here.
There is wind, rain,
even stations.
And rivers,
lagos,
and oceans.
It is the place more like
the Earth that we have seen so far,
except
is not water,
is liquid natural gas.
There must be hundreds of times
more natural gas here
than in all the reserves
of oil and gas on Earth.
If we took home,
he could feed our
cities, fuel our cars
for thousands of years,
or perhaps one day,
we can use it here ...
... to supply a colony,
assuming that not
there is life on Titan.
A space probe Huygens,
dropped on the surface
of Titan by Cassini,
You are here to find out.
You are telling us that there are
organic materials in the soil,
but it's so cold,
180 degrees Celsius,
there is no way to
join to give life.
Unless,
Titan heat.
It is anticipated that the sun becomes hotter.
When this happens,
perhaps life to flourish here,
as it happened on Earth
billions of years ago.
And as the Earth will become
too hot for us,
perhaps us to move to Titan.
One day, maybe we can call
this distant moon, house.
House,
we are at least a billion
kilometers away now.
Beyond this point,
We lost visual contact with the earth.
And whatever there is here,
is Earth invisible to the naked eye.
We are in the mysterious
outer reaches of the solar system,
territory that, for most
of history, no one knew existed.
It's like diving into the deep ocean.
Uranus,
with these odd rings
only discovered in 1977,
that make this giant planet
appears to have been moved from its axis,
pushed by an ancient collision,
perhaps for a lost planet.
It seems to be far from home,
but the truth is that,
still poorly we left the coast.
We are 2 billion
kilometers from Earth,
but to reach the
solar system boundary,
we will have to travel 10 000 times further.
Coming out of the deep darkness,
another strange beast,
the god of the sea,
Neptuno.
It seems serene,
but this point is an
Earth - sized storm,
shaken by wild winds
of 1500 kilometers per hour.
On Earth, it is the Sun that drives the wind,
but Neptune is too far.
Something else must be
to generate these ferocious winds,
but no one knows what.
Advancing the limits
outside the solar system,
orbiting the gas giant,
a solid moon,
Merman.
It is solid,
but far from stable.
Is covered with geysers,
cosmic smokestacks,
spewing out strange soot,
Neptune and is orbiting in the direction
opposite the rotation of the planet.
A cosmic battle of wills,
but this angry moon,
will inevitably lose.
It has been locked,
Gravity mass wound by Neptune.
One day, Triton,
It will be torn apart.
We saw all the planets
in our solar system.
But beyond the planets,
It is not empty.
It's full of frozen rocks,
Ice balls,
as Pluto.
Until recently,
it seemed that Pluto was alone,
that there was nothing here.
We were wrong.
More frozen worlds.
The discovery is so recent,
no one agrees on what to call them,
plutoids, ice dwarfs, cubewanos .
It seems that our solar system is not
organized model we thought it was.
It's full of trash with the
rest of your creation.
Beyond 13 billion
kilometers from home,
the furthest thing
ever seen orbiting the sun.
Another small frozen world,
called Sedna ,
discovered in 2003.
Its orbit takes 10,000 years
and dista 130 billion
kilometers from the sun.
There is something else here.
The 16 billion kilometers from home,
a space probe
Voyager One.
If it were not for her, we would not have
images of the giant planets,
no clue about
its strange moons.
Is traveling 20 times
faster than a bullet,
sending messages to home.
That gold panel,
It is a kind of message
intergalactic a bottle.
It contains a recorded greeting
in 55 languages,
and a map showing how to
find our solar system.
But we will want to really
advertise our existence?
Anyone, anything,
can hear our chamamamento,
find out where we live,
come and knock on the door ...
... amicably or not.
To follow,
a cloud of cosmic icebergs,
blocks of frozen water, dust and gas,
as the comet seen before.
Were comets that may have
planted the sementas of life on Earth
billions of years ago.
And if they came here,
seeing all this ice,
They may have also
brought water to Earth.
The water in the oceans, in your coffee,
even in your body,
all this distant
celestial ice machine.
We are 8 trillion,
ie eight trillion
house of kilometers,
right on the edge of our solar system,
where no man,
no probe had come before.
Welcome to the interstellar space,
far beyond our solar system.
Billions of stars like our Sun,
many with planets,
many of which have moons.
endless possibilities
in all directions.
Whatever the choice,
we need a power
very large acceleration.
40 trillion kilometers from home,
a trip 150 000
years a space shuttle,
and still only reached the first
solar system after ours,
Alpha Centauri.
A star and two,
rotating around each other,
trapped in a celestial standoff,
the severity of each
star attracting other,
its dizzying orbital speed,
keeping them separate.
We are now so far from home,
that kilometers lose their meaning.
We will have to speak in light years.
A ray of light takes 1 year to
go 10 trillion kilometers.
Thus, 40 trillion kilometers,
is 4 light years from home.
It's amazing, distances so vast that
are almost beyond comprehension.
It's exciting,
who knows what strange
worlds lie ahead.
10 years light of Earth,
the star Epsilon Eridani .
spectacular rings of dust and ice,
and sometime there
-planets are formed
from fragments,
being born before our eyes.
Asteroids and comets everywhere.
We could almost be looking for
our solar system, billions of years ago,
comets with the molecules to be delivered
organic water to these young planets,
triggering life as
may have done on Earth.
At the center of all the action,
a smaller star than our sun.
It is still in its infancy,
Any life in this solar system,
would be, at best, primitive.
There should be here solar systems
more mature and more developed,
Find more-the
It is like looking for a needle
in a cosmic haystack.
We are now 20 light years from Earth.
The star Gliese 581 .
Has more or less the same
age as our Sun,
and orbit-a, this planet.
Is the right distance from its sun,
nearest and boil water,
further and freeze.
Ideal conditions for life to have evolved.
And if comets have crashed,
delivering water and organic materials,
then life,
complex beings like us,
even civilizations like ours
can exist there at this time.
If any,
even at this distance,
They can pick up our TV signals,
see programs broadcast from Earth 20 years ago.
But to future generations
discover how to communicate
through
such great distances,
all we can do is speculate.
In fact,
life may have already prospered here
only to be annihilated.
It is the problem with comets,
are creators
and destroyers,
like dinosaurs
discovered the hard way.
This is the outer needle in a haystack,
the closest we get a
solar system habitable like ours.
But it was a casual finding.
There may be hundreds, millions, more
solar systems like this here
or absolutely none.
This is great,
and look
some of its atmosphere is being
boiled for its next star.
It is the planet Bellerophon ,
the first planet discovered outside
our solar system in 1995.
The problem is that,
Earth, it is difficult to identify
obscured by the glare
of its nearby star.
But he has little effect
gravity on its star.
Measuring these small movements,
the trillions of kilometers away,
one can prove that this planet exists.
That 's how we track Bellerophon ,
and opened the door to the discovery of
hundreds of other distant planets.
The farther we go,
further back in time on our trip.
We are 65 light-years from Earth,
connecting a TV in this
shining star, catch would
the TV signal of the Olympic Games
of 1936 Hitler in Berlin.
twin stars,
is Algol , the Demon Star,
feared since ancient times.
Earth looks like a
star that flashes on and off,
but close to,
we can see that, in fact,
are two stars
and that is being sucked by the other.
Almost 100 light-years from home,
listen
one of the first radio broadcasts,
only faint whispers.
And then silence.
From now on,
it's as if the earth had never existed.
Any aliens
who live beyond here,
They will not make any idea that we are there.
And the farther
we travel, less familiar,
more dangerous it
becomes the universe.
Well within our galaxy, the Milky Way,
an immense celestial bookstore.
Each star is a book with
a story to tell.
The Seven Sisters,
transformed into stars
in ancient Greek mythology.
And this giant,
Betelgeuse,
the brightest and biggest
star we've seen so far,
at least 600 times
larger than our sun.
But this ...
... it is not a star,
It is not a planet,
nothing like anything we've seen.
Um spectrum spooky,
over 1 300 light-years from Earth,
the Black Cloud Orion .
Dust and gas,
so dense that it is blocking
the universe forward.
And right inside,
a ball of light
pulling the dust and gas for you,
heating,
merging a ball
burning hot gas,
Like a star,
like our Sun,
miniature.
Within the temperature
reaches millions of degrees.
So hot,
You begin to trigger nuclear reactions,
the kind that keep
our sun shining,
producing energy,
radiation,
light.
A star...
... is born.
Or better,
stars.
The Black Cloud Orion is a
huge star factory.
We came here expecting horrors.
Instead,
We discovered one of the greatest
wonders of the universe,
the birth of stars.
We are witnessing the
birth of the Universe future
gas jets,
Exploding
200 000. kilometers per hour,
releasing dust and gas
million kilometers.
It's incredibly violent,
but look at the results.
nebulas,
huge bright clouds of gas,
suspended in space.
No wind here,
They take thousands of years to disperse.
This nebula is so vast that
it would take a quarter of a million years,
only to go around in a spaceship.
But its vast expanse is
overshadowed by a strange way,
It looks like a giant head of a horse,
prancing in space.
Stars are born,
grow and then ...
...after what?
die,
silently fall asleep at night,
or end up in an explosion?
What happens next,
happen to our sun,
their fate lies here somewhere.
Nearly 4 000 light years later,
luminous clouds suspended in space,
turning around what was once
a star like our sun.
All that remains of it,
are these colorful gases,
elements formed by fusion
nuclear well inside the star,
released into space in his death.
Green and violet,
hydrogen and helium,
the raw material of the universe.
Red and blue,
nitrogen and oxygen,
the building blocks of life on Earth.
To live,
stars like this had to die.
The oxygen in our lungs,
nitrogen in our DNA
was all produced by nuclear fusion
in stars that died long
before the earth have even born.
we are made
Star of nuclear waste.
In your heart,
the ghost of a star.
It is a white dwarf,
white
and incredibly hot,
small,
but incredibly dense.
In the final moments of the stars,
atoms are melted and squeezed
against each other,
making it so dense
that just a teaspoon
this white dwarf
would weigh a ton.
It is a frightening premonition
of the fate of our sun.
In a 6 billion years,
to become a white dwarf.
His death,
announce the end of life on Earth.
This makes you think how many worlds
have existed and gone,
stories were untold,
heavenly books lost forever.
But most of all stories
It has not yet been told.
We must return in time to
the true first chapter,
to tell the story
how the universe began.
This are the scattered remains
of the death of a star,
a nebula,
the Crab Nebula.
We are 6 000 light years from home,
well within a star cemetery.
Dust and gas,
extending kilometers per trillion.
It looks dead,
but perhaps this is just the
calm after the storm.
After a massive explosion,
powerful enough
to transform a huge star
a cloud of dust and gas,
one Supernova.
The eye of the storm,
a pulsating star spinning,
a pulsar.
The gravity squeezed the giant
star 's core that.
It has only about 20 kilometers in diameter,
making it impossibly dense.
A pinhead of this would weigh
hundreds, perhaps millions, of tons.
While decreases,
as a skater spinning on ice
with outstretched arms
and then shrinking them,
he starts running faster.
Two light beams,
energy, radiation,
turning thirty times per second,
feeding the huge cloud
of dust and gas.
There is so much radiation here,
even more than our sun.
If this pulse approaching
the Earth and our Sun,
our planet would be
instantly stripped of life.
That was by far the most thing
deadly we have met ...
...so far.
It's the only thing
we wanted to find.
Impossibly black,
blotting out the stars behind it,
we are looking at the face of death,
the remains of a giant star,
a black hole.
Instead of getting a
white dwarf, or a pulsar
just continued ...
... shrinking,
until so small,
only a few kilometers across.
Much denser than a pulsar,
and impossible to resist him.
Walking too close,
there is no return.
Now we know why it is a black hole.
Its gravity is so intense.
that even light can not escape.
This asteroid, a piece of rock
sound is being stretched,
to be drawn into the open hole.
Within the field does not exist
as we know,
there is no time, no space.
All the laws of physics collapse.
The asteroid disappeared.
The truth is that
nobody really knows where.
We are looking at the limits
of scientific knowledge.
There may be millions of black holes,
crawling around our galaxy,
perhaps more than all
the stars in the sky.
But not we would see ...
... until it was too late,
as this star,
spiraling down to
an invisible black hole.
Who can say that we do not live
in a huge black hole,
the whole universe not
is tucked inside a this time,
in another universe?
Sometimes it seems that the more we see,
least we know.
But we know that our
galaxy is more complex
and more dangerous than
ever imagined.
And we are still in our own galaxy,
the Milky Way.
The rest of the universe is still ahead.
The wonders,
the dangers,
the secrets,
They are out there.
But first,
we have to find a way out of the Milky Way.
We are now 7000 years light-house,
well within our galaxy,
traveling to the Universe limit.
We still have to travel
many millions of light years,
but there is plenty to see along the way.
A colossal glowing cloud,
topped by the two towers of dust,
the Pillars of Creation.
As a gateway
to a distant galaxy,
both pillars
are studded with tiny bumps,
embryonic solar systems,
each of which
the size of our solar system.
It is another monument
to the astonishing creativity of nature,
but not permanent.
The radiation from neighboring hot stars
is to destroy it.
In just a few million years
This immense nebula
It will be gone.
Blink of an eye
in astronomical terms.
Dazzled by the beauty of the Milky Way,
we enter into a cosmic minefield.
Giant clouds of gas
this exploding star,
a star millions of times brighter
than our sun.
The nuclear reactions that supported
are decreasing.
We are watching the agony of death.
Eventually,
implode the core.
The result,
a new black hole.
An even greater,
even more dangerously unstable star,
but this is about to explode.
And when such a large star dies,
is hundreds of times more violent
than a supernova.
Somehow stumbled into death
more violent imaginable of a star,
one hypernova.
The core collapsed,
It has become a black hole.
And this is the shock wave,
Star coming
expelling its layers
exterior to space.
There are deadly radiation everywhere,
enough to have a
catastrophic effect on
any planet sucientemente
unlucky to be around.
When virtually
all species on Earth
It was extinguished
there are 450 million years,
the culprit
may have been one of these.
Deadly hypernovae,
frozen comets,
burned planets,
white dwarfs,
red giants,
Terra,
small drops
in a vast pool of white light,
our galaxy,
the Milky Way.
We wanted to know where we fit.
Here is the answer.
Civilizations past and present,
all who have ever lived,
the smallest insect,
the highest mountain,
all this
invisible,
even a tiny spot.
Our house,
It is a minor planet
an insignificant star.
If he disappeared at this time,
no one would notice.
And yet,
so far we have not found any
other place where you would prefer to live,
no place where we could live.
But look at all these stars,
hundreds, thousands of them.
Surely one of these,
more than one,
must be able to support life.
Perhaps here,
this star cluster,
Grand Group.
Stepping back to the 70s,
astronomers sent a
message in this direction,
detailing the structure of our DNA
and showing a plane
of our solar system.
But it's so far from home,
the message will not arrive before
at least another 25,000 years.
We did not find extraterrestrial life, yet,
but we did not find
any reason to believe
that does not exist here ...
...somewhere.
There is an equation
designed to estimate the number
of other advanced civilizations.
And the results are shocking.
There may be millions of civilizations,
just in our galaxy.
Everything we have seen so far,
It belongs to the Milky Way.
Now is our chance
to see other galaxies,
to envision an even bigger picture,
and perhaps answer the ultimate question,
whence came all this.
It's time
to leave our solar system,
our galaxy,
to travel beyond the Milky Way,
through the vast distances
between galaxies,
not coming
intergalactic space.
Here outside,
there is no horizon in sight.
Even the closest galaxies are
hundreds of thousands of light-years.
The remains of galaxies undone by the
immense force of gravity of the Milky Way,
scattered ...
...any.
This is the closest that the universe has
a perfect vacuum.
But even this is not
completely empty.
There are thin strands gas,
fine traces of dust,
and something else,
dark matter.
So mysterious,
not to see,
feel it, touch it,
or even measure it.
Yet so common,
which may represent
90% of all
matter in the universe.
If dark matter exists,
this means that there is no
such thing as empty space.
Even out here,
we are surrounded by matter.
Only we suspect that there is,
because of the strange attraction
that seems to play in galaxies,
as this,
the Large Magellanic Cloud.
Over 6 billion years the most
rapid spacecraft of today,
160 000 light-years from the Milky Way,
within their gravitational reach.
This galaxy should
rotate in space,
but something seems to
be holding her here,
something invisible,
powerful,
dark matter.
star
star clusters,
nebulae,
It is an immense home of astronomical treasures.
A fireball,
expanding from what should
have been a massive explosion,
one Supernova.
So bright that when light from the
explosion reached Earth in 1987,
It was visible to the naked eye.
And so violent,
that triggered a chain
of nuclear reactions,
forcing the atoms to unite,
creating new elements,
gold,
talk,
platinum,
ejecting them into space.
The gold ring on your finger,
It was forged in a supernova
massive as this,
the trillions of kilometers away,
billions of years ago.
It is an astonishing thought,
the stars
that seem so distant from Earth,
affect our lives directly.
It is comforting to remember,
as we venture further
across the chasm.
The Andromeda galaxy,
2.5 million light years,
is moving in space
almost one million kilometers per hour.
Everything in space is to move away,
as shrapnel in an explosion.
We are seeing this galaxy as
it was when our primates
ancestors took the first
steps on the African plains.
Go further in space,
and further back in time,
to find an entire galaxy
to explode.
The only thing big enough
to cause an explosion of this scale,
It must be a collision
with another galaxy.
But this galaxy will not die,
reborn,
a new form,
perhaps even new stars,
as dust and gas collide,
creating friction,
shock waves,
triggering
the birth of even more stars.
There is order in this chaos,
a pattern behind the endless variety,
an endless cycle
of births and deaths,
from creation
and destruction.
It is a standard fabric in the
vast factory space,
linking each of these galaxies.
There are billions of galaxies in the universe,
each with billions,
even trillions of stars,
possibly,
more stars than there are grains of
sand on all the beaches of Earth.
And all this,
They are just the stars that exist now.
And the stars
that ever existed and disappeared?
All the stars have been born,
unborn,
finally begin to see the big picture,
and it is greater than ever imagined.
This galaxy,
the immense galaxy Cata-Vento,
It is so far from Earth
that we sent one
message home now,
it would take 27 million years to get there.
Who knows if our species,
our planet,
still they are there to receive it.
We are traveling
back in time.
We passed the point where the
dinosaurs went extinct,
We spent the time that the first
creatures crept ashore.
2 billion light-years from home,
to approach the Universe limit,
retreating to the beginning of time.
This is not a galaxy,
It is brighter
than hundreds of galaxies together.
A blinding beam of energy
spanning trillion kilometers.
Something so big, so bright,
It must be incredibly powerful.
Experience tells us that here,
power equals danger.
It is a quasar,
the deadliest and most
powerful thing in the universe.
A rotary pot
of super-heated gas,
brighter
than hundreds of galaxies.
The source of this immense power,
lies deep in the heart of the beast,
a heart of darkness,
a super massive black hole,
as heavy as billions of suns.
Is ripping entire stars,
sucking its gases to the quasar,
devouring them,
until they are nothing,
lost forever the visible universe.
We have seen the worst the
universe in can cause,
their most powerful destructive forces.
Now, our path is clear.
The real limit of the Universe
is almost within reach.
But we still need to go further,
faster,
to cross the ends
end of the universe.
8 billion light years from home,
most galaxies,
but they look different,
tattered, small,
close together.
We step back in both time
we are seeing these galaxies as
they were before the Earth even have been born.
They are still new,
They are still growing.
Estamo us closer to where and how
everything started,
for 12 billion years.
Look at the galaxies now,
They seem more primitive plankton,
floating in a vast, dark ocean.
It's magic,
dust and gas clouds,
dancing,
assuming manner,
merging to create
embryonic galaxies.
Thus it was born our galaxy,
but now they are disappearing.
Step back to a time before
the birth of stars,
in an era of cosmic darkness.
And before that,
light,
the twilight of a massive explosion,
the explosion that created the universe,
We are almost there,
this is it,
managed,
the universe of the limit,
130 trillion trillion
house of kilometers,
there are 13.5 billion years,
the exact moment of the Big Bang,
the most violent,
the most creative moment in history.
All that happened
was triggered at the moment.
All religions,
all cultures have thought of it,
but we do not know what
triggered this act of creation,
or why.
This is where our journey ends,
and the Universe begins.
An infinitely hot,
small, dense
point erupts,
creating the space, time, matter,
our Universe itself.
First is the size of
a subatomic particle,
a very small fraction of a second later,
It is large enough to
be held in the palm of your hand.
Moments later,
It is the size of Earth.
Today, the light of the Big Bang
still continues to spread
as a radio static hiss.
TV antenna picks it up,
You can see it as still
an untuned television.
we continue,
forward in time.
All the things we saw on our trip,
Sparks are flying from the Big Bang.
galaxies,
stars, planets, everything just remains.
Back in our galaxy,
our Solar System,
until we get
the other ashes cooled,
running at dusk Big Bang,
the land,
Our house.
But the story does not end here.
The effects of the Big Bang
continue to engage us.
The universe continues to change.
In a 3 billion years,
the vast Andromeda galaxy
will smash against our,
creating a new galaxy.
The Sun and the planets survive,
but they will be released in a huge
circular orbit around the new galaxy.
The sun will become a red giant to,
swallowing Mercury and Venus,
burning the surface of our planet,
destroying all life on Earth.
Then die,
contracting a white dwarf.
The nearby stars also die
replaced by white dwarfs,
pulsars, black holes.
The lights will go off
in the galaxy.
Since the Big Bang,
the universe is disappearing,
to die,
not with a bang,
but with a long drawn breath.
But there may be a way out,
a route of escape from
our Universe dying.
Is likely to be possible for
our distant descendants
find a shortcut through
space and time,
a worm hole.
If there are other universes,
could lead our descendants
of a doomed universe
to another parallel,
where you can find a new earth,
still in the prime of life.
If they are lucky enough,
they will live in a new universe,
a new planet,
a new home.
Subtitles and synchronization
CASIMIR GOMES
We look up and think,
What's up there?
Where does?
When did you start?
We could stay forever, wondering ...
... or we can prepare us to see the
universe for ourselves,
and travel as far as you can go.
To feel the tremendous heat
of burning stars,
face the forces of
strong cosmic collisions.
avoid dead stars
and super-hole mass
insatiable black.
Witness the birth of new stars,
and to the limit of human comprehension.
We have to take a trip back in time
to the early universe,
see with their own eyes,
the moment when it all started,
o Big Bang.
You are soon?
So let's go,
a journey
to the limits of the universe.
TO TRAVEL LIMITS OF THE UNIVERSE
This is the beginning of space,
only 100 km above,
just an hour drive from home.
Down there,
life goes on ,
traffic continues to walk,
shares are traded
and continue to be transmitted
the same reality shows .
But we have to leave it all behind
and move to the limit of the universe.
First stop,
to take.
Twenty-seven American astronauts
made this way before us,
twelve of which they walked on the Moon itself.
When the Apollo astronauts
sent a message via radio,
the message about took a second
to reach Earth,
even traveling at the speed of light,
300,000 kilometers per second.
So Mission Control heard him what
was going on after it happened.
If there is a second difference
between us and the nearest neighbor,
imagine the difference up
to the Universe limit.
We do not turn back a few seconds,
but billions of years.
Less than 400 000 kilometers from Earth,
three days in a spacecraft.
It looks like a desert battlefield,
bombarded by millions of
meteroritos and asteroids.
But now it's quiet.
Of course, there are no major
collisions for millions of years.
The Apollo 11 lunar module.
For astronauts Appolo,
the risks were high,
but the rewards
were still higher.
See our planet,
as had never been seen,
walk
where no man had walked before
and visit another world,
a world destroyed by the
deadly radiation from the sun.
It's just endless frozen lava,
piles of gray rocks
uninteresting.
Apollo astronauts brought hundreds
of them for scientists to analyze,
and found that these
gray rocks uninteresting
after all they were not so uninteresting.
NASA scientists discovered that
the rocks were super-heated,
evidence of a massive impact.
There are 4.5 billion years ago,
a wandering planet crashed into Earth,
and projected billions of tons
of molten rock into space.
And that joined to form the Moon.
Until this discovery,
We thought that the moon does not
was related to the Earth,
a space rock controlled by the
powerful force of Earth's gravity.
Now we know that is made of the same
material as our planet.
To take
He came from Earth.
The first steps of Neil Armstrong,
It seems to have been made yesterday.
And no wind here to make them disappear,
shall survive for millions of years.
It is time for us to take our giant leap,
further than any man has ever traveled.
Out of the darkness,
the goddess of love,
Venus.
The morning star,
the evening star.
Venus is the planet of the system
brighter Solar.
Its spectacular yellow clouds
reflect the light the sun.
A sister of our planet.
It has more or less the same size
and the same Earth's gravity.
More spacecraft to Venus
tells us that these views clouds
are made of deadly sulfuric acid,
that the planet's atmosphere
It is blocked by carbon dioxide.
Venus is a goddess angry.
The air is harmful,
intolerable pressure
and it is hot,
approximately 500 degrees Celsius.
Staying too long,
we would be corroded, suffocated,
crushed and boiled.
Nothing can survive here.
Like this.
It is the unmanned Soviet probe Venera.
Their heavy armor is being eroded
by the extreme atmosphere.
So beautiful Earth,
close up view of
Venus is the sister of Hell,
marked by hundreds of volcanoes.
All that carbon dioxide in its
atmosphere is to retain the sun's heat.
This is global warming
taken to the extreme.
Before that,
maybe Venus was calm,
as the sister planet Earth.
If it's true,
this may be the future of our planet.
A future shaped by the sun.
But before we get to it,
We have it,
Mercury,
the smallest planet in the Solar System.
Approaching the sun too,
and this is what happens.
Temperatures here vary wildly,
night are 170 degrees below zero,
by noon,
400 are positive.
Burned, ice cream,
and covered with scars,
it seems that Mercury
had a violent past.
A sonda espacial Messenger
It is telling us something strange.
For its size, this small planet
has a powerful gravitational pull.
It must be heavier than it looks.
It's like a huge ball of iron
covered by a thin layer of rock,
the core of what once
was a much larger planet.
So where's the rest of it?
Perhaps a wandering planet
has shocked Mercury,
launching into space of
its outer layers,
leaving the planet
almost entirely made of metal.
The sun,
in all its splendor mesmerizing.
Everything we do,
is controlled by the sun.
All our lives
depend on it.
Throughout history,
across cultures,
is the axis around
which life revolves on Earth,
maturing our crops,
structuring our day,
inspiring our beliefs.
150 million kilometers from home,
a trip 20 years by plane,
turning it off,
so far away,
not we would know for eight minutes.
It's so big, it could contain
a million Earths inside.
so heavy,
that its gravity controls the
entire solar system.
We see it every day,
a familiar face in our sky.
Closely,
It is unrecognizable.
A turbulent sea
of incandescent gas.
The thermometer rises above 5000 degrees.
Below the core,
should be tens of millions of degrees.
Hot enough to
trigger nuclear reactions,
transforming million
tons of matter into energy,
every second,
more than all the energy
ever produced by mankind.
My home
we see this energy as light,
and feel it as heat.
But up close,
there is nothing reassuring about the sun.
It is so full of activity
Electrical and magnetic,
exploding these huge and
incandescent gas ties,
called prominences,
each of which releasing more
energy than 10 million volcanoes.
We could spend the
earth by one of these ties
and still we would be tens of
kilometers to spare thousands.
And when burst,
exposing the colder lower layers,
causing sunspots.
They are more fraction
cooler than the surroundings,
this is why look black,
but still warmer
than anything on earth.
They are also massive,
some of them at least 50,000
kilometers in diameter,
enough to swallow the Earth.
A solar flare,
a super hot gas flow electrified,
spreading deadly radiation through space.
But one day
Sun fuel
it will end.
Die.
When I die,
will reap life on Earth.
The sun creates life
and destroy it.
It requires us to maintain distance.
It comet
He approached a lot.
It is to be evaporated by heat from the sun,
creating a tail extending
millions of kilometers.
It's freezing here.
There is no doubt where this comet came,
ice wastes of deep space.
Steam, geysers and dust,
is the sun again,
melting the cold heart of the comet.
It's kind of a big
dirty snowball,
tar covered.
Small grains of what
seems organic material,
preserved in the ice since,
God knows since when,
perhaps from the early solar system.
If a comet like this if you have crashed
on the young Earth billions of years ago,
it can be brought
organic material and water,
the basic ingredients of life.
And it may have sown the
seeds of life on Earth
which evolved to you and to me.
But collide with the Earth now,
only has to think of dinosaurs,
extinct by a
comet or asteroid that
crashed 65 million years,
to realize,
it would not be good news.
It's only a matter of time.
Eventually, one day,
unless we find a
way to protect,
we will face the same
fate as the dinosaurs.
The Earth is safe ...
...for now.
But if life on Earth is threatened,
we need to get away
and find a new home.
Among the millions, billions of planets,
there must be one that does not
is too hot,
not too cold,
air, sunlight,
Water.
The Red Planet,
inconfundivelmente, Mars.
For centuries, we look at
Mars looking for company,
for signs of life.
It sounds like science fiction,
but today the astronomers
think that Mars can be
the best chance of finding
extraterrestrial life.
Observe the planet,
digitalizam-not,
study it.
More than any other planet,
Mars holds our imagination.
Think of science fiction movies,
comics,
and will think of Martians.
It's all just fiction, right?
But what if there really is
something here?
If it exists,
You are living on a dead planet.
The processes that make
Earth habitable,
They stopped hundreds of
millions of years here.
Red...
... and dead,
... Mars is a giant fossil.
But there is wind here,
a whirlpool, a big one,
larger than the largest tornados on Earth.
And where there is wind,
no air,
air that can sustain extraterrestrial life.
But it is too thin
to be breathable,
filled with carbon dioxide suffocating.
There is nothing to protect Mars
from the sun's ultraviolet rays,
and it is cold,
as low as 80 degrees below zero,
freezing the water in the soil,
the poles and up in the atmosphere.
Neve.
It is hard to believe that
something can live here.
Back on Earth,
there are creatures that
survive the extreme cold,
hot,
even in the deep
, dark sea crevices.
Even in the most extreme conditions,
life ...
... usually finds a way.
But here, on Mars,
no geological activity to replenish
minerals and nutrients in the soil,
no heat to melt
its frozen water,
and all this dust,
It is hard to see how.
But the surface of Mars
It is marked with remarkable features.
So big,
it is impossible not to notice,
Mount Olympus,
an ancient volcano vast,
three times higher than Everest.
There are signs of activity.
Since its discovery in the 70s,
It was declared extinct.
Any lava flow
must have termindo long,
destroyed by meteorite impacts.
Unless,
this monster
is not dead after all.
If not, there may be magma flowing
beneath the crust right now.
Volcanic activity can
melt ice in the soil,
where life could survive.
This makes the Grand Canyon look like
one rachadela on the pavement.
There is no end.
It is so long,
that would extend throughout America.
And there are signs of erosion,
dry riverbeds,
as volcanic activity
has melted water in the soil,
sending water through this gap.
And if there is water running
on Mars right now,
so no chance of
finding life here.
So the hunt is launched.
Wandering through this desolate landscape,
or robot da NASA Opportunity.
Looking for evidence
that these barren plains
are ancient lakes or oceans,
that could have supported life.
And look at this.
When the orbiting Mars probes
pass over these ravines,
continue to find new ones.
More evidence
that Mars may be very much alive,
that there may be liquid water
beneath its surface,
yielding these gullies
Water
that can sustain life on Mars.
Now all we have to do,
It is to find it.
But perhaps already we have found,
because, incredibly,
Mars may have been the place
where the life of the
Earth has had origin.
It seems crazy,
but there is a theory
that life began here,
before moving to Earth.
The idea is that an asteroid crashed,
releasing fragments of Mars
with tiny microbes
to space,
and the young Earth,
which sowed the seeds of life itself.
No wonder we consider
Mars fascinating,
It could be our ancestral home.
If it's true,
this means that we are all Martians.
thought
it was a dead planet,
but may be more alive than
ever imagined.
Mars,
possibly the planet in
the solar system most studied,
continues to baffle us.
So what other surprises will be out there,
waiting to be discovered?
This
It is like being inside a game
giant computer.
asteroids,
some with hundreds of
kilometers in diameter.
This should be about 30
kilometers long.
And look,
It must not have been easy to
land a probe on a
asteroid traveling at
8000 kilometers per hour.
It's too much effort to
study rock debris,
rocks collide,
depart,
and fall to Earth as meteorites.
Were rocks like those that
joined to form the planets,
including ours.
Thus, dating the meteorites
we find on Earth,
we know that the planets
were born 4.5 billion years ago.
These are the certificates of
birth of the solar system.
But for some reason,
these rocks have not joined a planet.
Something must have stopped him,
something powerful.
Jupiter,
that monster,
at least 1 000 times
greater than the earth.
So great that if they could get
all the other planets within it.
Something so big should have a
large effect on its neighbors.
Its gravity is preventing the
asteroids to form a planet.
But this huge planet
is almost all gas.
Landing here,
and we would sink
through its layers,
probably never
finding solid surface.
And the beautiful aspect of Jupiter,
It is the product of extreme violence.
It is spinning at an incredible speed,
causing winds of hundreds
of kilometers per hour,
contorting the clouds into
stripes, swirls, whirls.
This is it,
the legendary
Great Red Spot,
the largest and most violent
storm in the solar system,
at least three times the size of Earth,
It is roaring for more than 300 years.
All these choppy clouds should
trigger an electrical storm.
Lightning is only 10 000 times
more intense than any at home.
It seems that the best place,
the safest place to see Jupiter,
It is away.
Look at those lights,
Auroras appear at home,
dancing around the poles.
But even these are deadly.
Are generated by radiation
attracted lethal space
by powerful field
magnetic Jupiter.
Seductive distance,
terrifying closely,
on here...
...nothing is what it seems like.
The universe is full of contradictions.
We must proceed with caution,
among the 62 or more Jupiter moons.
Contact Esta multicolored
chama-if I do.
But as Jupiter,
your beauty,
It is only superficial.
These beautiful colors,
They are molten rock,
sulfur,
volcanoes, spewing hot ash sulfur
hundreds of kilometers into the air.
The strong gravitational force
Jupiter is to twist and stretch Io
creating enough friction to
melt the interior of this moon.
On our trip to the Universe limit,
we do not find life,
no place that
we can call home ...
...so far.
But there is always another planet, moon,
another world of possibilities,
just above the horizon.
How is it going,
Europe is,
another of Jupiter's moons.
650 million kilometers from home,
that place with strange aspect.
And yet it seems strangely familiar,
a bit like the Arctic,
with all that ice,
all those ridges and faults.
And maybe, like the Arctic,
this ice is floating in water,
liquid water.
It's a fascinating possibility,
but the 800 million kilometers from the Sun,
Europe should be solid ice.
Unless Jupiter gravity is
creating friction deep inside,
preventing Europe from freezing,
allowing life to develop in the
downstream of the frozen crust.
We may be a few meters from aliens,
a full microsystem of microbes,
crustaceans, even squid.
The only thing between us and the
possibility of extraterrestrial life,
This ice layer.
But until we send a ship
space drill the ice,
Europe will remain one of the
greatest mysteries of the solar system.
It has captivated our imagination,
haunted our dreams,
and here it is,
turning before our eyes,
Saturn,
the jewel in the crown of the solar system.
There is something magical about Saturn,
a giant ball of gas,
so light
that float in water.
Your spectacular, rings
extended arrive almost from Earth to the moon.
But they have only a few hundred
centimeters thick.
A Cassini
It is to catch emissions
spectral radio,
probably generated by auroras
around Saturn's poles.
This is the real music of the spheres.
And you're telling us that
these rings are almost
certainly the remains of a
moon shattered by the force
of Saturn gravity.
incomparable beauty
from complete destruction.
Billions of ice pieces,
some smaller than ice cubes,
other houses in size.
They collide, break off, join again,
It is like a photograph of
our young solar system,
with dust and gas orbiting
the newborn sun,
and gravity to do its magic,
picking up the pieces,
until waste like these,
our planet arose.
All objects orbiting Saturn,
They are technically moons,
from the smallest
chunk of ice to it,
greater than our moon,
Titan.
Is shrouded by clouds
thick orange,
But underneath them,
there seems to be an atmosphere here.
There is wind, rain,
even stations.
And rivers,
lagos,
and oceans.
It is the place more like
the Earth that we have seen so far,
except
is not water,
is liquid natural gas.
There must be hundreds of times
more natural gas here
than in all the reserves
of oil and gas on Earth.
If we took home,
he could feed our
cities, fuel our cars
for thousands of years,
or perhaps one day,
we can use it here ...
... to supply a colony,
assuming that not
there is life on Titan.
A space probe Huygens,
dropped on the surface
of Titan by Cassini,
You are here to find out.
You are telling us that there are
organic materials in the soil,
but it's so cold,
180 degrees Celsius,
there is no way to
join to give life.
Unless,
Titan heat.
It is anticipated that the sun becomes hotter.
When this happens,
perhaps life to flourish here,
as it happened on Earth
billions of years ago.
And as the Earth will become
too hot for us,
perhaps us to move to Titan.
One day, maybe we can call
this distant moon, house.
House,
we are at least a billion
kilometers away now.
Beyond this point,
We lost visual contact with the earth.
And whatever there is here,
is Earth invisible to the naked eye.
We are in the mysterious
outer reaches of the solar system,
territory that, for most
of history, no one knew existed.
It's like diving into the deep ocean.
Uranus,
with these odd rings
only discovered in 1977,
that make this giant planet
appears to have been moved from its axis,
pushed by an ancient collision,
perhaps for a lost planet.
It seems to be far from home,
but the truth is that,
still poorly we left the coast.
We are 2 billion
kilometers from Earth,
but to reach the
solar system boundary,
we will have to travel 10 000 times further.
Coming out of the deep darkness,
another strange beast,
the god of the sea,
Neptuno.
It seems serene,
but this point is an
Earth - sized storm,
shaken by wild winds
of 1500 kilometers per hour.
On Earth, it is the Sun that drives the wind,
but Neptune is too far.
Something else must be
to generate these ferocious winds,
but no one knows what.
Advancing the limits
outside the solar system,
orbiting the gas giant,
a solid moon,
Merman.
It is solid,
but far from stable.
Is covered with geysers,
cosmic smokestacks,
spewing out strange soot,
Neptune and is orbiting in the direction
opposite the rotation of the planet.
A cosmic battle of wills,
but this angry moon,
will inevitably lose.
It has been locked,
Gravity mass wound by Neptune.
One day, Triton,
It will be torn apart.
We saw all the planets
in our solar system.
But beyond the planets,
It is not empty.
It's full of frozen rocks,
Ice balls,
as Pluto.
Until recently,
it seemed that Pluto was alone,
that there was nothing here.
We were wrong.
More frozen worlds.
The discovery is so recent,
no one agrees on what to call them,
plutoids, ice dwarfs, cubewanos .
It seems that our solar system is not
organized model we thought it was.
It's full of trash with the
rest of your creation.
Beyond 13 billion
kilometers from home,
the furthest thing
ever seen orbiting the sun.
Another small frozen world,
called Sedna ,
discovered in 2003.
Its orbit takes 10,000 years
and dista 130 billion
kilometers from the sun.
There is something else here.
The 16 billion kilometers from home,
a space probe
Voyager One.
If it were not for her, we would not have
images of the giant planets,
no clue about
its strange moons.
Is traveling 20 times
faster than a bullet,
sending messages to home.
That gold panel,
It is a kind of message
intergalactic a bottle.
It contains a recorded greeting
in 55 languages,
and a map showing how to
find our solar system.
But we will want to really
advertise our existence?
Anyone, anything,
can hear our chamamamento,
find out where we live,
come and knock on the door ...
... amicably or not.
To follow,
a cloud of cosmic icebergs,
blocks of frozen water, dust and gas,
as the comet seen before.
Were comets that may have
planted the sementas of life on Earth
billions of years ago.
And if they came here,
seeing all this ice,
They may have also
brought water to Earth.
The water in the oceans, in your coffee,
even in your body,
all this distant
celestial ice machine.
We are 8 trillion,
ie eight trillion
house of kilometers,
right on the edge of our solar system,
where no man,
no probe had come before.
Welcome to the interstellar space,
far beyond our solar system.
Billions of stars like our Sun,
many with planets,
many of which have moons.
endless possibilities
in all directions.
Whatever the choice,
we need a power
very large acceleration.
40 trillion kilometers from home,
a trip 150 000
years a space shuttle,
and still only reached the first
solar system after ours,
Alpha Centauri.
A star and two,
rotating around each other,
trapped in a celestial standoff,
the severity of each
star attracting other,
its dizzying orbital speed,
keeping them separate.
We are now so far from home,
that kilometers lose their meaning.
We will have to speak in light years.
A ray of light takes 1 year to
go 10 trillion kilometers.
Thus, 40 trillion kilometers,
is 4 light years from home.
It's amazing, distances so vast that
are almost beyond comprehension.
It's exciting,
who knows what strange
worlds lie ahead.
10 years light of Earth,
the star Epsilon Eridani .
spectacular rings of dust and ice,
and sometime there
-planets are formed
from fragments,
being born before our eyes.
Asteroids and comets everywhere.
We could almost be looking for
our solar system, billions of years ago,
comets with the molecules to be delivered
organic water to these young planets,
triggering life as
may have done on Earth.
At the center of all the action,
a smaller star than our sun.
It is still in its infancy,
Any life in this solar system,
would be, at best, primitive.
There should be here solar systems
more mature and more developed,
Find more-the
It is like looking for a needle
in a cosmic haystack.
We are now 20 light years from Earth.
The star Gliese 581 .
Has more or less the same
age as our Sun,
and orbit-a, this planet.
Is the right distance from its sun,
nearest and boil water,
further and freeze.
Ideal conditions for life to have evolved.
And if comets have crashed,
delivering water and organic materials,
then life,
complex beings like us,
even civilizations like ours
can exist there at this time.
If any,
even at this distance,
They can pick up our TV signals,
see programs broadcast from Earth 20 years ago.
But to future generations
discover how to communicate
through
such great distances,
all we can do is speculate.
In fact,
life may have already prospered here
only to be annihilated.
It is the problem with comets,
are creators
and destroyers,
like dinosaurs
discovered the hard way.
This is the outer needle in a haystack,
the closest we get a
solar system habitable like ours.
But it was a casual finding.
There may be hundreds, millions, more
solar systems like this here
or absolutely none.
This is great,
and look
some of its atmosphere is being
boiled for its next star.
It is the planet Bellerophon ,
the first planet discovered outside
our solar system in 1995.
The problem is that,
Earth, it is difficult to identify
obscured by the glare
of its nearby star.
But he has little effect
gravity on its star.
Measuring these small movements,
the trillions of kilometers away,
one can prove that this planet exists.
That 's how we track Bellerophon ,
and opened the door to the discovery of
hundreds of other distant planets.
The farther we go,
further back in time on our trip.
We are 65 light-years from Earth,
connecting a TV in this
shining star, catch would
the TV signal of the Olympic Games
of 1936 Hitler in Berlin.
twin stars,
is Algol , the Demon Star,
feared since ancient times.
Earth looks like a
star that flashes on and off,
but close to,
we can see that, in fact,
are two stars
and that is being sucked by the other.
Almost 100 light-years from home,
listen
one of the first radio broadcasts,
only faint whispers.
And then silence.
From now on,
it's as if the earth had never existed.
Any aliens
who live beyond here,
They will not make any idea that we are there.
And the farther
we travel, less familiar,
more dangerous it
becomes the universe.
Well within our galaxy, the Milky Way,
an immense celestial bookstore.
Each star is a book with
a story to tell.
The Seven Sisters,
transformed into stars
in ancient Greek mythology.
And this giant,
Betelgeuse,
the brightest and biggest
star we've seen so far,
at least 600 times
larger than our sun.
But this ...
... it is not a star,
It is not a planet,
nothing like anything we've seen.
Um spectrum spooky,
over 1 300 light-years from Earth,
the Black Cloud Orion .
Dust and gas,
so dense that it is blocking
the universe forward.
And right inside,
a ball of light
pulling the dust and gas for you,
heating,
merging a ball
burning hot gas,
Like a star,
like our Sun,
miniature.
Within the temperature
reaches millions of degrees.
So hot,
You begin to trigger nuclear reactions,
the kind that keep
our sun shining,
producing energy,
radiation,
light.
A star...
... is born.
Or better,
stars.
The Black Cloud Orion is a
huge star factory.
We came here expecting horrors.
Instead,
We discovered one of the greatest
wonders of the universe,
the birth of stars.
We are witnessing the
birth of the Universe future
gas jets,
Exploding
200 000. kilometers per hour,
releasing dust and gas
million kilometers.
It's incredibly violent,
but look at the results.
nebulas,
huge bright clouds of gas,
suspended in space.
No wind here,
They take thousands of years to disperse.
This nebula is so vast that
it would take a quarter of a million years,
only to go around in a spaceship.
But its vast expanse is
overshadowed by a strange way,
It looks like a giant head of a horse,
prancing in space.
Stars are born,
grow and then ...
...after what?
die,
silently fall asleep at night,
or end up in an explosion?
What happens next,
happen to our sun,
their fate lies here somewhere.
Nearly 4 000 light years later,
luminous clouds suspended in space,
turning around what was once
a star like our sun.
All that remains of it,
are these colorful gases,
elements formed by fusion
nuclear well inside the star,
released into space in his death.
Green and violet,
hydrogen and helium,
the raw material of the universe.
Red and blue,
nitrogen and oxygen,
the building blocks of life on Earth.
To live,
stars like this had to die.
The oxygen in our lungs,
nitrogen in our DNA
was all produced by nuclear fusion
in stars that died long
before the earth have even born.
we are made
Star of nuclear waste.
In your heart,
the ghost of a star.
It is a white dwarf,
white
and incredibly hot,
small,
but incredibly dense.
In the final moments of the stars,
atoms are melted and squeezed
against each other,
making it so dense
that just a teaspoon
this white dwarf
would weigh a ton.
It is a frightening premonition
of the fate of our sun.
In a 6 billion years,
to become a white dwarf.
His death,
announce the end of life on Earth.
This makes you think how many worlds
have existed and gone,
stories were untold,
heavenly books lost forever.
But most of all stories
It has not yet been told.
We must return in time to
the true first chapter,
to tell the story
how the universe began.
This are the scattered remains
of the death of a star,
a nebula,
the Crab Nebula.
We are 6 000 light years from home,
well within a star cemetery.
Dust and gas,
extending kilometers per trillion.
It looks dead,
but perhaps this is just the
calm after the storm.
After a massive explosion,
powerful enough
to transform a huge star
a cloud of dust and gas,
one Supernova.
The eye of the storm,
a pulsating star spinning,
a pulsar.
The gravity squeezed the giant
star 's core that.
It has only about 20 kilometers in diameter,
making it impossibly dense.
A pinhead of this would weigh
hundreds, perhaps millions, of tons.
While decreases,
as a skater spinning on ice
with outstretched arms
and then shrinking them,
he starts running faster.
Two light beams,
energy, radiation,
turning thirty times per second,
feeding the huge cloud
of dust and gas.
There is so much radiation here,
even more than our sun.
If this pulse approaching
the Earth and our Sun,
our planet would be
instantly stripped of life.
That was by far the most thing
deadly we have met ...
...so far.
It's the only thing
we wanted to find.
Impossibly black,
blotting out the stars behind it,
we are looking at the face of death,
the remains of a giant star,
a black hole.
Instead of getting a
white dwarf, or a pulsar
just continued ...
... shrinking,
until so small,
only a few kilometers across.
Much denser than a pulsar,
and impossible to resist him.
Walking too close,
there is no return.
Now we know why it is a black hole.
Its gravity is so intense.
that even light can not escape.
This asteroid, a piece of rock
sound is being stretched,
to be drawn into the open hole.
Within the field does not exist
as we know,
there is no time, no space.
All the laws of physics collapse.
The asteroid disappeared.
The truth is that
nobody really knows where.
We are looking at the limits
of scientific knowledge.
There may be millions of black holes,
crawling around our galaxy,
perhaps more than all
the stars in the sky.
But not we would see ...
... until it was too late,
as this star,
spiraling down to
an invisible black hole.
Who can say that we do not live
in a huge black hole,
the whole universe not
is tucked inside a this time,
in another universe?
Sometimes it seems that the more we see,
least we know.
But we know that our
galaxy is more complex
and more dangerous than
ever imagined.
And we are still in our own galaxy,
the Milky Way.
The rest of the universe is still ahead.
The wonders,
the dangers,
the secrets,
They are out there.
But first,
we have to find a way out of the Milky Way.
We are now 7000 years light-house,
well within our galaxy,
traveling to the Universe limit.
We still have to travel
many millions of light years,
but there is plenty to see along the way.
A colossal glowing cloud,
topped by the two towers of dust,
the Pillars of Creation.
As a gateway
to a distant galaxy,
both pillars
are studded with tiny bumps,
embryonic solar systems,
each of which
the size of our solar system.
It is another monument
to the astonishing creativity of nature,
but not permanent.
The radiation from neighboring hot stars
is to destroy it.
In just a few million years
This immense nebula
It will be gone.
Blink of an eye
in astronomical terms.
Dazzled by the beauty of the Milky Way,
we enter into a cosmic minefield.
Giant clouds of gas
this exploding star,
a star millions of times brighter
than our sun.
The nuclear reactions that supported
are decreasing.
We are watching the agony of death.
Eventually,
implode the core.
The result,
a new black hole.
An even greater,
even more dangerously unstable star,
but this is about to explode.
And when such a large star dies,
is hundreds of times more violent
than a supernova.
Somehow stumbled into death
more violent imaginable of a star,
one hypernova.
The core collapsed,
It has become a black hole.
And this is the shock wave,
Star coming
expelling its layers
exterior to space.
There are deadly radiation everywhere,
enough to have a
catastrophic effect on
any planet sucientemente
unlucky to be around.
When virtually
all species on Earth
It was extinguished
there are 450 million years,
the culprit
may have been one of these.
Deadly hypernovae,
frozen comets,
burned planets,
white dwarfs,
red giants,
Terra,
small drops
in a vast pool of white light,
our galaxy,
the Milky Way.
We wanted to know where we fit.
Here is the answer.
Civilizations past and present,
all who have ever lived,
the smallest insect,
the highest mountain,
all this
invisible,
even a tiny spot.
Our house,
It is a minor planet
an insignificant star.
If he disappeared at this time,
no one would notice.
And yet,
so far we have not found any
other place where you would prefer to live,
no place where we could live.
But look at all these stars,
hundreds, thousands of them.
Surely one of these,
more than one,
must be able to support life.
Perhaps here,
this star cluster,
Grand Group.
Stepping back to the 70s,
astronomers sent a
message in this direction,
detailing the structure of our DNA
and showing a plane
of our solar system.
But it's so far from home,
the message will not arrive before
at least another 25,000 years.
We did not find extraterrestrial life, yet,
but we did not find
any reason to believe
that does not exist here ...
...somewhere.
There is an equation
designed to estimate the number
of other advanced civilizations.
And the results are shocking.
There may be millions of civilizations,
just in our galaxy.
Everything we have seen so far,
It belongs to the Milky Way.
Now is our chance
to see other galaxies,
to envision an even bigger picture,
and perhaps answer the ultimate question,
whence came all this.
It's time
to leave our solar system,
our galaxy,
to travel beyond the Milky Way,
through the vast distances
between galaxies,
not coming
intergalactic space.
Here outside,
there is no horizon in sight.
Even the closest galaxies are
hundreds of thousands of light-years.
The remains of galaxies undone by the
immense force of gravity of the Milky Way,
scattered ...
...any.
This is the closest that the universe has
a perfect vacuum.
But even this is not
completely empty.
There are thin strands gas,
fine traces of dust,
and something else,
dark matter.
So mysterious,
not to see,
feel it, touch it,
or even measure it.
Yet so common,
which may represent
90% of all
matter in the universe.
If dark matter exists,
this means that there is no
such thing as empty space.
Even out here,
we are surrounded by matter.
Only we suspect that there is,
because of the strange attraction
that seems to play in galaxies,
as this,
the Large Magellanic Cloud.
Over 6 billion years the most
rapid spacecraft of today,
160 000 light-years from the Milky Way,
within their gravitational reach.
This galaxy should
rotate in space,
but something seems to
be holding her here,
something invisible,
powerful,
dark matter.
star
star clusters,
nebulae,
It is an immense home of astronomical treasures.
A fireball,
expanding from what should
have been a massive explosion,
one Supernova.
So bright that when light from the
explosion reached Earth in 1987,
It was visible to the naked eye.
And so violent,
that triggered a chain
of nuclear reactions,
forcing the atoms to unite,
creating new elements,
gold,
talk,
platinum,
ejecting them into space.
The gold ring on your finger,
It was forged in a supernova
massive as this,
the trillions of kilometers away,
billions of years ago.
It is an astonishing thought,
the stars
that seem so distant from Earth,
affect our lives directly.
It is comforting to remember,
as we venture further
across the chasm.
The Andromeda galaxy,
2.5 million light years,
is moving in space
almost one million kilometers per hour.
Everything in space is to move away,
as shrapnel in an explosion.
We are seeing this galaxy as
it was when our primates
ancestors took the first
steps on the African plains.
Go further in space,
and further back in time,
to find an entire galaxy
to explode.
The only thing big enough
to cause an explosion of this scale,
It must be a collision
with another galaxy.
But this galaxy will not die,
reborn,
a new form,
perhaps even new stars,
as dust and gas collide,
creating friction,
shock waves,
triggering
the birth of even more stars.
There is order in this chaos,
a pattern behind the endless variety,
an endless cycle
of births and deaths,
from creation
and destruction.
It is a standard fabric in the
vast factory space,
linking each of these galaxies.
There are billions of galaxies in the universe,
each with billions,
even trillions of stars,
possibly,
more stars than there are grains of
sand on all the beaches of Earth.
And all this,
They are just the stars that exist now.
And the stars
that ever existed and disappeared?
All the stars have been born,
unborn,
finally begin to see the big picture,
and it is greater than ever imagined.
This galaxy,
the immense galaxy Cata-Vento,
It is so far from Earth
that we sent one
message home now,
it would take 27 million years to get there.
Who knows if our species,
our planet,
still they are there to receive it.
We are traveling
back in time.
We passed the point where the
dinosaurs went extinct,
We spent the time that the first
creatures crept ashore.
2 billion light-years from home,
to approach the Universe limit,
retreating to the beginning of time.
This is not a galaxy,
It is brighter
than hundreds of galaxies together.
A blinding beam of energy
spanning trillion kilometers.
Something so big, so bright,
It must be incredibly powerful.
Experience tells us that here,
power equals danger.
It is a quasar,
the deadliest and most
powerful thing in the universe.
A rotary pot
of super-heated gas,
brighter
than hundreds of galaxies.
The source of this immense power,
lies deep in the heart of the beast,
a heart of darkness,
a super massive black hole,
as heavy as billions of suns.
Is ripping entire stars,
sucking its gases to the quasar,
devouring them,
until they are nothing,
lost forever the visible universe.
We have seen the worst the
universe in can cause,
their most powerful destructive forces.
Now, our path is clear.
The real limit of the Universe
is almost within reach.
But we still need to go further,
faster,
to cross the ends
end of the universe.
8 billion light years from home,
most galaxies,
but they look different,
tattered, small,
close together.
We step back in both time
we are seeing these galaxies as
they were before the Earth even have been born.
They are still new,
They are still growing.
Estamo us closer to where and how
everything started,
for 12 billion years.
Look at the galaxies now,
They seem more primitive plankton,
floating in a vast, dark ocean.
It's magic,
dust and gas clouds,
dancing,
assuming manner,
merging to create
embryonic galaxies.
Thus it was born our galaxy,
but now they are disappearing.
Step back to a time before
the birth of stars,
in an era of cosmic darkness.
And before that,
light,
the twilight of a massive explosion,
the explosion that created the universe,
We are almost there,
this is it,
managed,
the universe of the limit,
130 trillion trillion
house of kilometers,
there are 13.5 billion years,
the exact moment of the Big Bang,
the most violent,
the most creative moment in history.
All that happened
was triggered at the moment.
All religions,
all cultures have thought of it,
but we do not know what
triggered this act of creation,
or why.
This is where our journey ends,
and the Universe begins.
An infinitely hot,
small, dense
point erupts,
creating the space, time, matter,
our Universe itself.
First is the size of
a subatomic particle,
a very small fraction of a second later,
It is large enough to
be held in the palm of your hand.
Moments later,
It is the size of Earth.
Today, the light of the Big Bang
still continues to spread
as a radio static hiss.
TV antenna picks it up,
You can see it as still
an untuned television.
we continue,
forward in time.
All the things we saw on our trip,
Sparks are flying from the Big Bang.
galaxies,
stars, planets, everything just remains.
Back in our galaxy,
our Solar System,
until we get
the other ashes cooled,
running at dusk Big Bang,
the land,
Our house.
But the story does not end here.
The effects of the Big Bang
continue to engage us.
The universe continues to change.
In a 3 billion years,
the vast Andromeda galaxy
will smash against our,
creating a new galaxy.
The Sun and the planets survive,
but they will be released in a huge
circular orbit around the new galaxy.
The sun will become a red giant to,
swallowing Mercury and Venus,
burning the surface of our planet,
destroying all life on Earth.
Then die,
contracting a white dwarf.
The nearby stars also die
replaced by white dwarfs,
pulsars, black holes.
The lights will go off
in the galaxy.
Since the Big Bang,
the universe is disappearing,
to die,
not with a bang,
but with a long drawn breath.
But there may be a way out,
a route of escape from
our Universe dying.
Is likely to be possible for
our distant descendants
find a shortcut through
space and time,
a worm hole.
If there are other universes,
could lead our descendants
of a doomed universe
to another parallel,
where you can find a new earth,
still in the prime of life.
If they are lucky enough,
they will live in a new universe,
a new planet,
a new home.
Subtitles and synchronization
CASIMIR GOMES