Inside the Russian Info War Machine (2018) - full transcript
Acclaimed journalist Paul Moreira investigates how Russia manipulates public opinion, undermines democratic governments and attempts to alter world events. The public face of foreign policy...
(dramatic music)
(static hissing)
(speaking in French)
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] The French
president has just been elected.
He's hosting the Russian
president for the first time.
And the event is tainted with suspicion.
(camera shutters snapping)
(speaking in foreign language)
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] It's a
world war of a new kind
with no guns and no bombs.
On one side, the West is seeing
Russia as a rising threat.
(crowd cheering)
On the other, Russia has
lost half of its territory
since the collapse of the
Soviet Union and feels attacked.
(speaking in foreign language)
- You are fighting for your country.
You are responsible for your country.
So from this point of view,
all the ideas or means
or possibilities are welcome.
- [Paul Moreira] The Russians
are fighting with new weapons.
(speaking in German)
- [Paul Moreira] They
fuel influence peddlers
in European political parties.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] During the elections,
trolls were very active online.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] And they
even hired Yosemite Sam.
(gunshots resounding)
- You can't put together
rubles with a political ad
and go like, hm, those two data points
spell out something bad.
- Senator, it's a signal we
should have been alert to.
- Yeah. (groans)
- [Paul Moreira] It's
hard to bring out proofs
as this army knows how
to cover up its tracks.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Well,
it's not going to be easy.
(dramatic music)
(wings flapping)
In March, 2017 Russian
President Vladimir Putin
hosts an official meeting
with Marine Le Pen,
the National Front
candidate at the Kremlin.
In six weeks, Marine Le Pen would come up
against Emmanuel Macron.
This handshake is historical.
It confers on Le Pen
a presidential status.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] There
it is for the cameras.
Vladimir Putin doesn't
meddle with French politics.
The man who's worked the
most towards an alliance
between the National Front and Russia
is Aymeric Chauprade.
He was the most
influential foreign advisor
to Marine Le Pen.
He was nicknamed the National
Front foreign minister.
Then he left the National
Front, but he's still a member
of the European Parliament.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] The National
Front and the Kremlin
have in common their hostility
towards the European Union.
(crowd chanting in foreign language)
(fanfare music)
(crowd cheering)
(speaking in foreign language)
(crowd cheering)
- [Paul Moreira] And the
National Front voters
are often avid admirers of Vladimir Putin.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Among
the National Front voters
quite a few are under the
influence of the Russian Media,
Russia Today and Sputnik.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] RT and
Sputnik reach few viewers
within the general public,
but the French president
sees them as worrying nevertheless.
(speaking in foreign language)
(paper folding)
(bells ringing)
(zipper zipping)
(motor roaring)
- [Paul Moreira] Who's behind
Russia Today and Sputnik?
Their headquarters are in Moscow
and they've agreed to let us in.
Russia Today is a TV channel,
Sputnik is a website.
They're both accessible on the internet.
Their budget is comparable
to that of Western channels.
More than 300 journalists
in every language.
They opened a channel in
Paris in December, 2017.
Their promise, to tell the
untold and to question more.
(TV news theme music)
Today in their breaking news,
a new development in the information war.
It's unfolding in Washington during
the Russian foreign affair
minister's visit to the USA.
(western music)
- In your meeting with President Trump
did he raise US concerns about
Russian interference in the US elections?
- [Journalist] As you know,
we've seen the US intelligence agencies
accuse Russia of interfering
in the elections.
- [Journalist] Did Mr.
Trump raise the question
of Russian interference
in the US elections?
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Translator] I just
said that President Trump
has stated publicly that
these are all false stories.
Please do give us at least one
fact and then we can react.
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] The global
director of RT and Sputnik
is Margarita Simonyan, a young,
very powerful journalist.
In the network, her nickname is M.
She was trained in the
US and is experienced
in all styles of modern
media, including satire.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Vladimir
Putin created RT in 2005.
(audience applauding)
10 years later he triumphs.
(speaking in foreign language)
(audience applauding)
(speaking in foreign language)
(audience applauding)
- [Paul Moreira] You
celebrate the critical spirit,
the freedom of expression.
Could you be as critical
against the Russian government
or against the Russian president?
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] When the President Putin
created this channel, what was the idea,
the mission that was given to you?
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] We have
a hard time understanding
each other because I thought
that Russia Today, RT,
had an identity like telling the untold.
That's what you sell, and
it's written everywhere
so actually it's just marketing.
It doesn't mean a thing, right?
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Question
more is RT's motto,
but it is dangerous to question too much
for a journalist in Russia.
Alexey Kungurov, for example,
an independent blogger
was sentenced to two years in prison
for having questioned the targets
of the Russian bombings in Syria.
Mr. Alexey Kungurov detained in Russia
is something that you could
cover in RT and Sputnik?
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] This is what RT published
on the imprisoned Russian blogger.
A very short dispatch only in Russian.
No international versions.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] I don't
think there's any blogger
in jail in the UK.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] There are
bloggers in jail in the UK?
(speaking in foreign language)
Like, you have one name?
You have one name?
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Of bloggers
who are actually detained
in British jails?
- Yeah, British jails.
- [Paul Moreira] After we left,
Margarita sent us an email
with around 10 names of young Brits.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] We've checked the list.
They're not really bloggers.
They're people punished
for having organized riots,
incited racial hatred,
arrest, threatened with rape,
celebrated murders on Facebook or Twitter.
And no press coverage whatsoever, well,
apart from the BBC, The
Guardian, The Mail on Sunday,
The Telegraph, The Independent,
basically the whole national press
and most of the local newspapers, too.
(dramatic music)
Welcome to the alternative truth.
Alexey Kovalev formally worked
for Russian state media.
He was fired by Margarita Simonyan.
Ever since, he's been working
for an independent newspaper.
- Russia doesn't really
have an ideology to offer.
It doesn't have a concise,
a cohering ideology
like the Soviet Union did.
So what is it offering is instead
due to these marginalized group
in the extreme left
and right is that guys,
you are vilified by the establishment,
by the mainstream media.
It's a psychological effect.
It's called the hostile media effect.
- [Paul Moreira] There's
an information war.
Are you the main weapon
for Russia in this war?
(speaking in foreign language)
(dramatic music)
(festive music)
(crowd cheering)
- [Paul Moreira] In
France, Emmanuel Macron's
campaign meetings sometimes
look like a mass karaoke.
(crowd singing)
But there's one man who isn't singing.
In a few weeks he'll be minister.
But for now, Mounir Mahjoubi's
job is to keep his head down
and focus on his smartphone.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Mounir is
keeping a very close eye
on the Russian media.
During Macron's campaign
an outrageous article
has been published on
Sputnik's English website.
The future French president
could be an American agent.
An agent for the banks.
And the article hints with perfidy,
Macron is supported by a
wealthy gay lobby group.
That says it all.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] We
wanted to trace the rumor
back to its root.
Macron an American agent, or
how a fake news is created.
One of the reasons why
we got this feeling about
you being more aggressive
towards Mr. Macron than towards Ms. Le Pen
is like articles like this one.
(speaking in foreign language)
- A lot of controversy in France.
(speaking in foreign language)
(dramatic music)
- They are perfectly
aware of the attention,
all the attention they are getting
so they just cannot afford
to do any fake news.
If you look at the way they are operating,
they will always use
domestic French sources.
So they'll quote a French politician
or a French journalist who is saying
that Macron is a shill for
the Rothschilds, etc, etc.
They'll never make a point of their own.
- [Paul Moreira] In this case the article
was based exclusively on the accusation
of a pro-Russian French
Right member of Parliament
Nicolas Dhuicq.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] We spotted
Benjamin on the internet.
He's part of a community which
often shares Russian news
on social media.
Benjamin doesn't believe
what he sees on TV anymore.
(speaking in foreign language)
- That added another problem that RT
and its sister websites
like Sputnik are exploiting.
The growing mistrust in
the media in general.
So the left believed that Russia is
fighting against the
global financial domination
by banks and everything.
Although this is something that they
are probably blissfully unaware,
but Russia, of all the developed countries
Russia has the biggest
financial inequality.
Like 10% of Russian citizens
own 87% of all the national wealth.
That is the deepest gap
among all the industrialized
countries in the West.
- [Paul Moreira] To
French President Macron,
the Russian media has
quickly become synonymous
with fake news.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Actually,
the reality is more nuanced.
There have been fewer actual
lies than first believed.
(speaking in foreign language)
- If you take in all
logic what is published
and what is broadcast,
you do have the feeling
that there's a political choice.
(speaking in foreign language)
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] On April the
28th full war is declared.
Russia Today and Sputnik are denied access
to Emmanuel Macron's meetings.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] RT and Sputnik fight back
by showing their banned journalists
on their worldwide
channels in all languages.
- And the U.K.
(speaking in foreign language)
- For RT International.
(speaking in foreign language)
- So I'm sorry, but you
are not on our lists.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Journalist] You looked up
the channel on the internet
didn't you and you denied
me based on that, why?
- No.
- [Paul Moreira] Macron's campaign
has boosted Russian propaganda.
RT and Sputnik are only the public faces
of Russia's soft power machine.
The 2016 and 2017 elections would reveal
that there are new players in the game.
They were active in the
US during Trump's campaign
and also in France and Germany.
They're taken very seriously.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] New
words for a new world.
These new warriors
invade the virtual space
where we now spend half of our time.
Troll, an agent of influence
on social networks.
Fake news, formally known as lies.
Hacker, cyber pirate who hijacks data.
Meme, slick slogan that
goes viral on social media.
In 2016 a young Russian
half woman half troll
flooded the internet with
a three picture meme.
(dramatic music)
As Putin's holding a press conference
she appears in front of the
cameras with a triptych.
Putin, Marine, Trump.
This image will be
reproduced over and over.
Maria became the face
of a political agenda.
A very pretty face.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] In June
2017 Putin half admitted
the existence of new
Russian agents of influence.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] According to Putin,
Russian hackers are lone
wolves, they're mavericks.
The Kremlin has nothing to do with them.
In order to understand who was behind
this new Russian propaganda
let's take a closer look
at a man who keeps himself in the shadows
and never gives interviews
to the foreign press.
Konstantin Rykov.
Don't be fooled by his teenage appearance.
He's a key figure.
Roman Dobrokhotov, a Russian
investigative journalist
has dug about to try and expose him.
(dramatic music)
- It's not like you know those who sit
in a cabinet having some official duty,
but of course he was the main sovereign,
I don't know how to call this kind of job
because he was not of
course officially in charge.
- [Paul Moreira] Investigating
Rykov is no easy matter.
His friends keep quiet and
his enemies are scared.
(speaking in foreign language)
Here is one of Rykov's
rare public appearances on
a rather boozy talk show
on the internet.
(speaking in foreign language)
Facing him, an opposition blogger.
(speaking in foreign language)
(audience applauding)
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] We met a
Russian internet pioneer
who lives in Belgium
and who knew Rykov well.
- He comes from the culture of children of
a post-Soviet rich people.
- OK.
- Golden youth.
- Golden youth.
And now it is he's totally pro-Putin
from what we understand.
- He was always pro-Putin.
I mean, before Putin he
was essentially nobody.
He was like a young guy
using prohibited words
on the internet.
- [Paul Moreira] It was at
the end of the 1990s in front
of the cameras that Rykov
offered his services to Putin.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Regarding
morals and ethics,
Rykov took a few liberties.
He became an unruly MP of Putin's party
as well as a millionaire.
looked into how he made this fortune
and revealed it came from
a paid dating site, Dosug.
With Dosug you can find partners
for all sorts of sport
and cultural activities.
(easy listening music)
For as little as 150 euros you
can go swimming with Natasha.
Go horse riding with Tatiana,
or play doctors and nurses with Zasha.
- I think all this pornography story
was a long time ago, so
all that he is doing lately
is connected with politics mostly.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Rykov proved
to be a master in the art
of making memes to draw
the attention of the media.
Maria, who became famous for her Trump,
Putin, Le Pen triptych works with him.
Maria specializes in propaganda.
She once created an
amateur video for YouTube
surrounded by bombings
on the Ukrainian front.
(speaking in foreign language)
(explosions resound)
(laughing)
- [Paul Moreira] Maria is in
a studio, the video is fake.
It ends up being leaked, but
has no impact on her career.
Maria's job is to stay in the limelight
while Rykov remains backstage.
- [Man] That's the guy.
- [Paul Moreira] In 2016
Rykov's work went international.
He put together a team
to support Donald Trump
on the internet.
The night of the American elections
Rykov and those who helped
him met up in a bar is Moscow.
They were being filmed for social media.
The tension is unbearable.
Maria is also with them.
Suddenly, the news breaks.
Against all odds, Trump wins.
- [Man] It's fucking
Trump, it's fucking Trump!
(laughing)
(shouting)
♪ We are the champions of the world ♪
- [Paul Moreira]
Overwhelmed, six days later
Rykov would post a strange
confession on his Facebook page.
He implies that he was part
of a spin operation for Trump.
For four years and two
days we needed to get into
everyone's brains and control
mass perception of reality.
Is Rykov just boasting, or
is he telling the truth?
Whether bluffing or not, he
gives a huge party in Moscow
to celebrate Trump's victory.
The theme of the evening,
Russian hackers made Trump win.
(upbeat music)
- When Trump was elected,
there was like fireworks.
And if Le Pen was
elected, there would like,
all the Russian government would like
die in convulsions of pleasure.
- [Paul Moreira] Maria is delighted.
The new world order is underway.
It looks like mere provocation,
but a year later we would discover
that the Russian trolls
had been truly active.
(upbeat music)
Saint Petersburg is the most
beautiful city in Russia.
It's Vladimir Putin's hometown.
It's also where a rather
peculiar industry operates.
A secret troll factory.
It's name, the Internet Research Agency.
The employees have one single task.
To manufacture propaganda and
fake news for social media.
I am with a translator.
Hello, hello, hello, excuse
me, can we speak with you
a little bit?
(speaking in foreign language)
Do you work at Internet Research Agency?
(speaking in foreign language)
(laughing)
- [Paul Moreira] We
eventually found a young man
who worked in this troll
factory for four months in 2014
at the start of the war in Ukraine.
He worked in Russian for the Russians.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] To comply
with the official line,
the trolls have to check
a site created by Rykov.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Hello.
(speaking in foreign language)
(train wheels clattering)
- [Paul Moreira] In the
suburbs of Saint Petersburg
we meet Ludmila Savchuk, a journalist
who infiltrated the troll factory in 2015.
She managed to film with a hidden camera.
(dramatic music)
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] In 2016 the troll factory
started focusing on the United States
in the battle between Hillary
Clinton and Donald Trump
they fought fiercely for Trump
without ever revealing they were Russian.
Andrey Zakharov is a journalist.
With the help of a mole,
he succeeded in proving
that there were more than
400 Facebook pages in English
that were actually created
in Saint Petersburg.
- When we started our investigation
we found one Facebook community
which is called Secured Borders.
- [Paul Moreira] Secured
Borders, the Facebook page
was followed by 144,000 American citizens.
It replicated the xenophobic
themes of Trump's campaign.
The racist memes followed soon after,
shared far and wide
throughout scared America
and based on fake news.
For example, 30% of
undocumented immigrant children
are part of a gang.
The meme suggests to
share if you're shocked.
Or, Muslims have invented
a new strategy of warfare.
They're making children to
replace white Americans.
- They cover Trump's
immigration policy which
is very popular and was one
of the reasons why Trump won.
- [Paul Moreira] Andrey's revelations
stir up a storm in Washington.
The directors of Facebook,
Twitter, and Google
are summoned to the Senate.
They've earned money from
the Russian propaganda ads.
The investigation showed
that the troll factory
in Saint Petersburg paid
the social media sites
to publicize their
messages as political ads.
- People are buying ads on
your platform with rubles.
They're political ads.
You put billions of data
points together all the time.
That's what I hear that
these platforms do.
They're the most sophisticated
things invented by man ever.
Google has all knowledge
that man has ever developed.
You can't put together rubles
with a political ad and go
like, hm, those two data
points spell out something bad?
- Senator, it's a signal we
should have been alert to
and in hindsight it's one we missed.
- OK, OK, yeah, uh...
- [Paul Moreira] Facebook
shouldn't have trusted
Yosemite Sam, yes, Sam, the
one who shoots Bugs Bunny.
A meme went viral explaining that Sam
would from then on be banned from TV
because he carried a weapon.
This lie was targeting firearm owners
to encourage them to vote for Trump.
The fake news was shared by 215,000 people
and seen millions of times.
It originated from Saint Petersburg.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] What was the real impact
of the Russian trolls
on Trump being elected?
It's hard to tell, but
they certainly fueled
the far-right American
campaign in favor of Trump.
(singing in foreign language)
Like in Texas, where they
succeeded in organizing
a racist protest and
counter-protest from Russia.
Few people showed up, but it was enough
to stun the American senators.
- Russia trolls were
encouraging both sides
to battle in the streets
and create division
between real Americans.
This disruptive event in
Houston cost Russia about $200.
- [Paul Moreira] And
that's the beauty of it.
$200, barely as much as a
Lada in a very bad condition.
(motor rumbling)
Who paged the wages in the troll factory?
- Yevgeny Prigozhin's instructions.
- Who?
- Yevgeny Prigozhin.
- [Paul Moreira] Who is he?
- He's responsible for catering
of official meetings in Kremlin.
- [Paul Moreira] So
basically he's like big cook
for the Kremlin.
- Yes, he's big cook
for the Kremlin, he started his business
in Saint Petersburg and his restaurants
were very popular in 90s.
- [Paul Moreira]
Officially the Kremlin chef
denies any involvement
in the troll factory
and refuses to respond to
any interview requests.
(fanfare music)
Between Putin and the troll factory
the walls remain sealed.
Even Andrey, who disclosed the
scoop advises to be cautious.
- You should understand
this power structure.
(dramatic music)
The czar.
And there are a small circle.
This small circle has
delegated the right to power
in the name of the czar.
(audience applauding)
There are people who are
responsible like Surkov.
He delegates to them power
that will not go down from
this circle very often.
- [Paul Moreira] Oh, OK.
- [Andrey] For your press, it's
easy to put Putin everywhere
because it's like you can sell it.
- [Paul Moreira] So you
think you go too fast
on those limits.
- Yes, too fast.
- [Paul Moreira] That gives
a lot of power to Putin
in Europe because people
think that he's over powerful.
- You make his power more and more
because you say, OK, he's
responsible for this,
he's responsible for
this, he's responsible.
It's like something from fairy tale.
The main hero in a fairy tale
and children become very, very...
- Afraid.
- Yes. (laughs)
- [Paul Moreira] And the west
also happens to blame Putin
for things he didn't actually do.
(typing)
The most spectacular mistake was published
by the American newspaper
The Washington Post.
In December 2016 they announced
that Russian hackers were about
to break into a power plant
in the U.S. in Vermont and
they were rather convincing.
All the electricity in
America could be at the mercy
of the Russians.
It was actually fake news.
A few days later The Washington Post
had to rebut its own scoop.
According to sources
close to the investigation
it appeared that there
hadn't been any attacks
by Russian hackers on a
power plant in Vermont.
(upbeat music)
Maria played a part in
Trump's campaign from afar,
but she's fully committed
to helping Marine Le
Pen's campaign in France.
(crowd cheering)
On the 27th of March
she's heading to Paris.
There's still six weeks to go
before the French presidential election.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Rykov's
team are sure of it.
After Trump it'll be Marine.
We've decided to keep track of Maria
and see where she takes us.
She posts everything on the internet
and avoids any interviews.
(speaking in foreign language)
She's with French MPs and
here's the room number, 6217.
(motor roaring)
(tires squealing)
At the National Assembly,
we come across a meeting
of the Franco-Russian Dialogue.
Maria's gone, we've missed her,
but the meeting turns out
to be very interesting.
Let's stay for a bit.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] They're rather discreet,
but it's a pro-Russia
lobby gathering politicians
and the biggest French companies,
the ones that invest in Russia.
The boss of Total is the chairman of honor
and tens of European
companies are represented.
At the speakers' table
there's a journalist
from the far-right weekly
magazine Valeurs actuelles.
In the red tie a
representative of the far left.
And then the black tie,
a right-wing candidate.
They have nothing in common
apart from supporting Russia.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] The meeting's organizers
are Thierry Mariani an Nicolas Dhuicq,
the MP who told Sputnik that Macron
could be an American agent.
(cartoon running sound effect resounds)
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Apparently
I'm not the only one
chasing Maria.
(app whistling)
She ends up sending me a
private message, lucky me.
(zipper zipping)
The train's barely set off
when I receive a message from Maria.
I find out that she's been
invited to see Marine Le Pen
in front of the Russian cameras
she's given her the famous triptych.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] And
during the conversation
Maria drops a significant hint.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Marine Le Pen and Maria
share a belief and a method.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Like Trump,
Le Pen discredits the media
at her rallies.
(audience applauding)
(speaking in foreign language)
(crowd jeering and whistling)
- [Paul Moreira] It's the
second round of voting.
And in this final phase,
the pace picks up.
Maria has returned to Moscow
She talks about her trip on TV.
Her boss Rykov organizes a secret meeting
of the Marine Committee.
On Facebook he writes, no
journalists, no mobile phones.
(message notification whistles)
The anti-Macron fake news speed up.
The main one is published
on an American forum.
Macron supposedly has a
secret account in a tax haven.
Fake news, which is then spread on the net
by National Front supporters
and by Marine Le Pen herself
on television.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] The
French campaign is starting
to strangely resemble the Trump campaign.
It would only take for
Macron's collaborators'
email accounts to be hacked
for the parallel to be completely drawn.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] At the
general headquarters
of the Macron campaign, the same morning.
A fake email was received in
the name of the man in charge
of the digital campaign, Mounir Mahjoubi.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] But they weren't quite
as ready as expected.
The next day, not paying attention,
a coworker clicks on a fake email.
The hackers finally access the inboxes
of six of Macron's collaborators.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] The emails
are posted on the internet
with the aim of changing
the course of the election
with the controversial revelations,
but the French press refuses
to publish these data.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] It's
impossible to pin the hacking
on the Russians, but on
social media Maria teases.
She publishes a link to the hacked emails
in the Macron campaign, the Macron leaks.
This evening in Moscow, Maria and Rykov
are organizing a party
for the French elections.
They are hoping to help
Marine Le Pen to victory.
We're amongst the invited guests.
Maria is there posing for the cameras
and Konstantin Rykov finally
emerges from the shadows.
(speaking in foreign language)
At last,
we get to interview Maria.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Always the same slogan.
No proof that the Kremlin is to blame.
But just a few meters away from us
could be the proof that's
evaded us from the start.
In 2014 Rykov was tracked
by a group of enemy hackers.
- Two criminal hackers.
- [Paul Moreira] Their
name was Shaltai-Boltai
and they succeeded in hacking the phones
and computers of Kremlin officials.
They got hold of thousands
of mails, texts, and photos.
(dramatic music)
- The just posted in the internet.
- [Paul Moreira] And
you knew who they were?
- No, of course not, actually
no one could at first
understand what is all about.
For us it was a very difficult job
sitting for a month and
trying to understand
what is the sense of these messages
and who are actually
behind these messages?
- [Paul Moreira] In the mass
of data, Roman discovered
the telephone contents
of one of Putin's men.
He works for the Kremlin and is in charge
of the internet propaganda.
His name is Timur Prokopenko.
There are several exchanges with Rykov.
The two men planned to use Marine Le Pen
for the benefit of the Kremlin.
(message notifications beeping)
On the 17th of March, 2014
Marine Le Pen announces
her support for the annexation
of Crimea by Russia.
Marine Le Pen denies any
knowledge of Rykov's existence,
but for him and for the Kremlin
it's been a successful mission.
The Russian point of view is championed
by one of the main
political parties of France.
(message notifications beeping)
As it seems, a Kremlin official
turned Le Pen into an agent
of influence through Rykov.
Rykov is in the bar, it's
our only chance to ask him.
(speaking in foreign language)
We can talk interview about today, no?
Why not, you are the mastermind of this.
You are the architect of this thing.
- [Rykov] No, no, no.
- [Paul Moreira] No, why not?
(speaking in foreign language)
Rykov spends most of
his time in this alcove
the entrance to which looks to be guarded
while Maria entertains
her audience on the stage.
Let's try and slip in.
Just one question, on the internet
I saw that you had an
exchange with Mr. Prokopenko
from the Kremlin to help Marine Le Pen.
- Not me.
- Not you.
- It was a fake.
- It was a fake.
- [Rykov] Some guys who put,
how could they end up stolen?
- [Paul Moreira] Shaltai Boltai, right?
Could the texting between
the Kremlin official
and Maria's boss be fake?
- That cannot be so because we checked
that several times, that is 100% real SMS,
but of course I would be surprised
if Rykov would confirm that,
because that's all very sensitive.
- [Paul Moreira] You did
not help Marine Le Pen,
but you're helping her now.
- [Rykov] We're just a fan.
- [Paul Moreira] You're what?
- [Rykov] Like a fan.
- [Woman] Yeah, it's just like a fan club.
- [Paul Moreira] Fan club.
- [Woman] It doesn't refer
to official government.
I think the best thing, if you ask Maria.
- [Paul Moreira] Oh yeah,
so he stays in the shadow
and she speaks?
- [Woman] Yeah, I definitely think so
because he doesn't like to be filmed.
- [Paul Moreira] OK, so yeah,
he's like the shadow cabinet.
- Yeah.
- In the shadow government.
(laughing)
- He's pretty camera shy.
- [Paul Moreira] Just a fan club.
That's the official line from Rykov,
but a few weeks later on a Russian website
a journalist manages to
get a few words out of him
on his key role in Le Pen
and Trump's campaigns.
(news theme music)
(speaking in foreign language)
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] The story
could have ended there
with a failed mission and
Maria's dejected pout.
(crowd cheering)
But that evening in the restaurant
I notice a familiar face,
Pierre Malinowski, a French.
A former soldier, he is
assistant to Jean-Marie Le Pen.
He's often in Russia and is
a die-hard admirer of Putin.
Luckily he's a smoker, let's
have a few words outside.
He gives away a secret without
really thinking about it.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] So
Vladimir Putin suppoedly
secretly met with the leader
of the most powerful far-right
party in Europe twice.
It's a huge investment,
and nothing comes for free in this world.
What did Putin want
from the National Front?
What was his plan?
We wanted to ask Marine Le Pen in person,
but our requests remained unanswered.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Aymeric
Chauprade knew about it.
Even if the former Mr.
Russia of the National Front
wasn't at the meetings in person.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] And Marine Le
Pen earned a lot from Russia.
More than 12 million euros.
That's the sum of two
loans to the National Front
in 2014 and 2016, loans which
should have remained secret
but were disclosed by
the newspaper Mediapart.
Officially they were business transactions
with no strings attached, no
win-win deals with the Kremlin
but were they really?
The man who negotiated the
Russian money is a member
of the European Parliament,
Jean-Luc Schaffhauser.
He claims to have worked
as an intermediary
for Total, Dassault, and Thales in Russia.
He was sent there for the first time
by Pope Jean-Paul the Second in 1989.
He's got a lot of inside knowledge.
The only problem is he's not
the biggest fan of journalists.
I'll have to earn his trust.
The only thing I know
is that he's Catholic
and a bit hot-headed.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] I'd got
the help of God on this.
We've touched upon a biblical metaphor
and the tone of the conversation changes.
(speaking in foreign language)
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] State secrets
between the National Front
and Vladimir Putin, it's going well.
I still have to find out the exact role
of Putin and the releasing
of the millions of Euros.
Officially, none.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] But this Mr. Babakov
isn't just the regular banker.
He works for Vladimir
Putin's administration.
He was put in charge of Russians abroad.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] And yet, it is.
Aymeric Chauprade, who now speaks freely
revealed the Kremlin's real intentions
when it came to the National Front.
And it had nothing to do
with a business transaction.
(speaking in foreign language)
(dramatic music)
(speaking in foreign language)
(boots stomping ground)
- [Paul Moreira] Russians
against Americans,
bloc against bloc, the
return of the Cold War.
In this new chess game of power
the National Front is only a minor pawn.
It's in Ukraine that this new Cold War
has really become visible.
In 2014 a government close
to Moscow is overthrown.
The Ukrainian rebels want to
escape the grasp of Russia.
The United States openly
supports the change of regime.
- Free world is with
you, America is with you,
I am with you.
- [Paul Moreira] For the Russians,
it's a hostile coup
d'etat on their doorstep.
They give military support
to the insurrection
of the Russian population
in the east of Ukraine
(gunshots resound)
and they annex Crimea.
Two wars are running in parallel.
The military war and
the war of information.
Russia Today falsely
accuses the Ukrainians
of crucifying Russian babies,
whilst on the other side
some Western journalists keep quiet
about the atrocities of the
most violent Ukrainian militia.
One example is this piece
on this Ukrainian girl.
The author, a French journalist
failed to mention that she was a Nazi
and that her battalion was
accused by Amnesty International
of executing pro-Russian civilians.
At the time of the Ukrainian conflict
the Russians considered themselves victims
of Russia phobia.
For them, the media war is now on.
At the heart of the state media
there's a group of experts
in ideological war led by Olga Sinowjewa.
They organize conferences
and publish articles.
One of their major texts
was published by Sputnik
and translated into several languages.
It's a media war treaty.
Unfortunately, Russia is forced
to resort to the information war weapons.
The information war leads
to take regrettable actions.
Olga Sinowjewa lives at
Moscow State University.
- [Paul Moreira] You remember this?
- Yes, more or less, yes, more or less.
You have to stay on your position.
You are fighting for your country.
You are responsible for your country.
So from this point of
view, all of the ideas
or means or possibilities are welcome.
- Even like using fake news or--
- No, not at all.
- Because that's how you
could interpret your text.
- You know, I'm afraid that
the translation wasn't correct.
Not very correct, I will, how to say,
I didn't read it from
the beginning to the end,
so I beg your pardon,
but I wouldn't be able
to use such words.
- OK.
Let's not justify ourselves
on the fabrication
because the West uses the same methods.
- No, no.
- No.
- That's absolutely--
- We are not well translated.
- You know, I'm afraid
that's not well translated,
but it's a fake, it's a fake.
- Well, it comes from Sputnik.
- Yes, I know, but I have to discuss,
I have to research this
translation, thank you very much.
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] Today Russia's soft power
has spread across Europe.
In Germany, notably
there's a Russian community
of more than four million people.
(airplane engine roaring)
In January 2016 Russian propaganda
took advantage of one
particularly controversial case.
In Marzahn, Berlin's Russian district
a 13-year-old girl Liza
claims to have been raped
by three Arab refugees.
The police don't arrest any suspects
in the hours that follow.
The German Sputnik site denounces the rape
and the refugees apparent impunity.
Protests by Russian-Germans are sparked.
The leader of the most conservative
Russian-German association
is Heinrich Groth.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] He turns the rape case
into an anti-refugee campaign.
(speaking in foreign language)
(crowd cheering and whistling)
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Around
one million migrants
have come to Germany since 2015.
A fact widely exploited
by the extreme right
and Russian propaganda.
In the Russian district of Berlin
another activist assumed
a dissenting voice.
Alexander Reiser is Russian
and he manages a very active
multicultural association.
He's known in the community.
He joined in with the protests.
Until the day he snapped.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] A topic covered
by the main Russian TV channel
is adding fuel to the fire.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Two weeks
later, the story takes a turn.
Vladimir Putin's closest collaborator,
the Russian minister for foreign affairs
gives an official statement on the matter.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] For
Alexander Reiser who dared
to voice his doubts, life
becomes a living hell.
He's been the target of a troll attack.
(speaking in foreign language)
(laughing)
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] The
German police conclude
the results of their investigation.
The young girl lied, there was no rape.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Liza's
case hype dies down,
but in the minds of
many Russians in Germany
the fear of migrants lives on,
especially because Liza's
fiance was of Turkish origin.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] During the
late elections Heinrich Groth,
the president of the
Russian-German Association
gave his support to the
extreme right party,
Alternative for Germany.
The AfD owes a huge part
of its voting success
to the Russian community in Germany.
It's the only party to have translated
its manifesto into Russian.
In September 2017 the AfD
entered German Parliament.
It's the first time the far right
had made it in since the war.
Alexander Gauland is
the leader of the AfD.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] In Germany the
fear of migrants and Muslims
is displayed on the street each
and every Monday since 2014.
The PEGIDA movement unites
tens of thousands of Germans
who are against the
opening of the borders.
(chanting in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Amongst the protesters
we spot Russian flags.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] And
sometimes even half-German
half-Russian flags.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Then
there's also Lutz Bachmann,
the founder of PEGIDA.
Since the press published pictures of him
dressed up as Hitler, he's not
been too keen on journalists.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Bachmann
ends up giving his opinion
in his speech.
(speaking in foreign language)
(crowd applauding and cheering)
- [Paul Moreira]
Counter-protesters are also there.
They support Germany's refugee policy.
(bells ringing)
(speaking in foreign language)
(bells ringing)
(chanting in foreign language)
- They like the
authoritarian style of Putin.
They are attracted to sort
of nationalistic movements
and so on and so they
feel a liking to them.
They also like Trump, they
also like Marine Le Pen,
so it's not specifically to Putin,
but Russia is the only regime
that's sort of authoritarian
so this is why the flags are here.
- Le Pen, OK, Le Pen OK,
Le Pen OK! (laughing)
- [Paul Moreira] Most PEGIDA
members vote for the AfD.
Do you get some financial aid from Russia?
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Yeah.
(speaking in foreign language)
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] In 2015
however, a powerful Russian
ultra-orthodox religious foundation
very active in Western Europe
arranged for Alexander
Gauland to travel to Russia.
A trip which was kept very discreet.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Konstantin
Malofeev is a key figure
in Russia's influence in Europe.
He created a religious
foundation and he's very wealthy.
He used his money to try
and build a European network
of far-right parties from the FPA in power
in Austria today to the
French National Front
and the AfD in Germany.
(dramatic music)
Aymeric Chauprade was
part of this project.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Malofeev has
created an ultra-conservative
television channel in order to
promote his ideas in Russia.
Officially it's not
airing for the Kremlin.
(speaking in foreign language)
- It's very Byzantine.
The painting.
- Just like a church.
Konstantin Malofeev has agreed to meet us.
He rarely gives interviews.
- Do we want independents to think about
their own interests, not to
think about globalist ideas
about one new world order,
liberal, LGBT supporters, globalism.
Get out of NATO, get
out from European Union.
And France, of Louis Quatorze also.
(crowd clapping)
- [Paul Moreira] In
France, Malofeev secretly
helped out Jean-Marie Le Pen in 2014.
(crowd cheering)
- [Crowd] Jean-Marie, Jean-Marie,
Jean-Marie, Jean-Marie, Jean-Marie.
- I sympathize Jean-Marie
Le Pen and I believe
that he's a man from the big letter M.
So because he's a personality
and in French politics now
it's big lack of personality.
- How did you help him get this money?
- I have friends and
you know, these friends
were more motivated to
help politicians in Europe.
- So basically you connected him with a--
- Yes.
- OK.
My feeling is that you fit much more close
to the anti-gay marriage movement
than you are to the National Front.
Now for sure, but I'm not
calling this anti-gay.
I'm calling this anti-sodomite. (laughs)
- Well, it's not restricted
to gays, this practice.
- Sodomite is the old word from
the Bible and we can use it.
Of course I am closer to this because
family is the last fortress.
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] In 2013
in France protesters
against gay marriage
openly turned to Russia.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] We've
discovered that Malofeev
has given financial aid to some of them.
Amongst them, an association
led by Fabrice Sorlin,
an ultra-Catholic.
(chanting in foreign language)
- Do you accomplish
part of Putin's agenda?
I'm putting it to you very frankly.
- Maybe, but not because he asked me.
- Hm, OK.
- Just because you know,
that's my view, I'm very independent.
- [Paul Moreira] When I
started this investigation
I wondered if the information war
was foreshadowing the
real war, the deadly one.
I'd find the answer to this question
on the pavements of Moscow.
In Russia, May sees the
season of military parades.
They celebrate their victory
over the Nazis in 1945.
They parade with state of the art weapons.
This display of power
lasts the whole morning,
but the crowd at the
back is rather sparse.
(motors rumbling)
In the afternoon there's another parade
involving 700,000 people.
(shouting in foreign language)
No weapons, no artillery, just pictures.
The families come to honor
the memory of their parents
killed during World War Two.
In Russia, even the
farthest right is anti-Nazi.
- I'm representative of
the people who suffered
from Nazism more than all
other people in the world.
(singing in foreign language)
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Konstantin
Malofeev is working
towards reestablishing an
ultra-nationalist axis in Europe,
one that includes many Neo-Nazis.
Can I show you a picture?
- Please.
- OK, this was filmed in May the first
at the meeting of Jean-Marie Le Pen.
(chanting in foreign language)
Listen to this guy.
(speaking in foreign language)
(chanting in foreign language)
- Listen, but I can't find anything
against Jean-Marie at this meeting.
You just made a movie
with one guy in the crowd.
- OK.
- I have no any doubt
that what you are showing
me looks like he's a Nazi.
- But you know that the
founders of the National Front,
some of them are from the Waffen-SS
like Mr. Leon Gaultier,
are you aware of that?
- I think that people can't
be blamed for their past
when they're 50 years or 60 years after.
(speaking in foreign language)
(static hissing)
(speaking in French)
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] The French
president has just been elected.
He's hosting the Russian
president for the first time.
And the event is tainted with suspicion.
(camera shutters snapping)
(speaking in foreign language)
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] It's a
world war of a new kind
with no guns and no bombs.
On one side, the West is seeing
Russia as a rising threat.
(crowd cheering)
On the other, Russia has
lost half of its territory
since the collapse of the
Soviet Union and feels attacked.
(speaking in foreign language)
- You are fighting for your country.
You are responsible for your country.
So from this point of view,
all the ideas or means
or possibilities are welcome.
- [Paul Moreira] The Russians
are fighting with new weapons.
(speaking in German)
- [Paul Moreira] They
fuel influence peddlers
in European political parties.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] During the elections,
trolls were very active online.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] And they
even hired Yosemite Sam.
(gunshots resounding)
- You can't put together
rubles with a political ad
and go like, hm, those two data points
spell out something bad.
- Senator, it's a signal we
should have been alert to.
- Yeah. (groans)
- [Paul Moreira] It's
hard to bring out proofs
as this army knows how
to cover up its tracks.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Well,
it's not going to be easy.
(dramatic music)
(wings flapping)
In March, 2017 Russian
President Vladimir Putin
hosts an official meeting
with Marine Le Pen,
the National Front
candidate at the Kremlin.
In six weeks, Marine Le Pen would come up
against Emmanuel Macron.
This handshake is historical.
It confers on Le Pen
a presidential status.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] There
it is for the cameras.
Vladimir Putin doesn't
meddle with French politics.
The man who's worked the
most towards an alliance
between the National Front and Russia
is Aymeric Chauprade.
He was the most
influential foreign advisor
to Marine Le Pen.
He was nicknamed the National
Front foreign minister.
Then he left the National
Front, but he's still a member
of the European Parliament.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] The National
Front and the Kremlin
have in common their hostility
towards the European Union.
(crowd chanting in foreign language)
(fanfare music)
(crowd cheering)
(speaking in foreign language)
(crowd cheering)
- [Paul Moreira] And the
National Front voters
are often avid admirers of Vladimir Putin.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Among
the National Front voters
quite a few are under the
influence of the Russian Media,
Russia Today and Sputnik.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] RT and
Sputnik reach few viewers
within the general public,
but the French president
sees them as worrying nevertheless.
(speaking in foreign language)
(paper folding)
(bells ringing)
(zipper zipping)
(motor roaring)
- [Paul Moreira] Who's behind
Russia Today and Sputnik?
Their headquarters are in Moscow
and they've agreed to let us in.
Russia Today is a TV channel,
Sputnik is a website.
They're both accessible on the internet.
Their budget is comparable
to that of Western channels.
More than 300 journalists
in every language.
They opened a channel in
Paris in December, 2017.
Their promise, to tell the
untold and to question more.
(TV news theme music)
Today in their breaking news,
a new development in the information war.
It's unfolding in Washington during
the Russian foreign affair
minister's visit to the USA.
(western music)
- In your meeting with President Trump
did he raise US concerns about
Russian interference in the US elections?
- [Journalist] As you know,
we've seen the US intelligence agencies
accuse Russia of interfering
in the elections.
- [Journalist] Did Mr.
Trump raise the question
of Russian interference
in the US elections?
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Translator] I just
said that President Trump
has stated publicly that
these are all false stories.
Please do give us at least one
fact and then we can react.
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] The global
director of RT and Sputnik
is Margarita Simonyan, a young,
very powerful journalist.
In the network, her nickname is M.
She was trained in the
US and is experienced
in all styles of modern
media, including satire.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Vladimir
Putin created RT in 2005.
(audience applauding)
10 years later he triumphs.
(speaking in foreign language)
(audience applauding)
(speaking in foreign language)
(audience applauding)
- [Paul Moreira] You
celebrate the critical spirit,
the freedom of expression.
Could you be as critical
against the Russian government
or against the Russian president?
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] When the President Putin
created this channel, what was the idea,
the mission that was given to you?
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] We have
a hard time understanding
each other because I thought
that Russia Today, RT,
had an identity like telling the untold.
That's what you sell, and
it's written everywhere
so actually it's just marketing.
It doesn't mean a thing, right?
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Question
more is RT's motto,
but it is dangerous to question too much
for a journalist in Russia.
Alexey Kungurov, for example,
an independent blogger
was sentenced to two years in prison
for having questioned the targets
of the Russian bombings in Syria.
Mr. Alexey Kungurov detained in Russia
is something that you could
cover in RT and Sputnik?
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] This is what RT published
on the imprisoned Russian blogger.
A very short dispatch only in Russian.
No international versions.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] I don't
think there's any blogger
in jail in the UK.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] There are
bloggers in jail in the UK?
(speaking in foreign language)
Like, you have one name?
You have one name?
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Of bloggers
who are actually detained
in British jails?
- Yeah, British jails.
- [Paul Moreira] After we left,
Margarita sent us an email
with around 10 names of young Brits.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] We've checked the list.
They're not really bloggers.
They're people punished
for having organized riots,
incited racial hatred,
arrest, threatened with rape,
celebrated murders on Facebook or Twitter.
And no press coverage whatsoever, well,
apart from the BBC, The
Guardian, The Mail on Sunday,
The Telegraph, The Independent,
basically the whole national press
and most of the local newspapers, too.
(dramatic music)
Welcome to the alternative truth.
Alexey Kovalev formally worked
for Russian state media.
He was fired by Margarita Simonyan.
Ever since, he's been working
for an independent newspaper.
- Russia doesn't really
have an ideology to offer.
It doesn't have a concise,
a cohering ideology
like the Soviet Union did.
So what is it offering is instead
due to these marginalized group
in the extreme left
and right is that guys,
you are vilified by the establishment,
by the mainstream media.
It's a psychological effect.
It's called the hostile media effect.
- [Paul Moreira] There's
an information war.
Are you the main weapon
for Russia in this war?
(speaking in foreign language)
(dramatic music)
(festive music)
(crowd cheering)
- [Paul Moreira] In
France, Emmanuel Macron's
campaign meetings sometimes
look like a mass karaoke.
(crowd singing)
But there's one man who isn't singing.
In a few weeks he'll be minister.
But for now, Mounir Mahjoubi's
job is to keep his head down
and focus on his smartphone.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Mounir is
keeping a very close eye
on the Russian media.
During Macron's campaign
an outrageous article
has been published on
Sputnik's English website.
The future French president
could be an American agent.
An agent for the banks.
And the article hints with perfidy,
Macron is supported by a
wealthy gay lobby group.
That says it all.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] We
wanted to trace the rumor
back to its root.
Macron an American agent, or
how a fake news is created.
One of the reasons why
we got this feeling about
you being more aggressive
towards Mr. Macron than towards Ms. Le Pen
is like articles like this one.
(speaking in foreign language)
- A lot of controversy in France.
(speaking in foreign language)
(dramatic music)
- They are perfectly
aware of the attention,
all the attention they are getting
so they just cannot afford
to do any fake news.
If you look at the way they are operating,
they will always use
domestic French sources.
So they'll quote a French politician
or a French journalist who is saying
that Macron is a shill for
the Rothschilds, etc, etc.
They'll never make a point of their own.
- [Paul Moreira] In this case the article
was based exclusively on the accusation
of a pro-Russian French
Right member of Parliament
Nicolas Dhuicq.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] We spotted
Benjamin on the internet.
He's part of a community which
often shares Russian news
on social media.
Benjamin doesn't believe
what he sees on TV anymore.
(speaking in foreign language)
- That added another problem that RT
and its sister websites
like Sputnik are exploiting.
The growing mistrust in
the media in general.
So the left believed that Russia is
fighting against the
global financial domination
by banks and everything.
Although this is something that they
are probably blissfully unaware,
but Russia, of all the developed countries
Russia has the biggest
financial inequality.
Like 10% of Russian citizens
own 87% of all the national wealth.
That is the deepest gap
among all the industrialized
countries in the West.
- [Paul Moreira] To
French President Macron,
the Russian media has
quickly become synonymous
with fake news.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Actually,
the reality is more nuanced.
There have been fewer actual
lies than first believed.
(speaking in foreign language)
- If you take in all
logic what is published
and what is broadcast,
you do have the feeling
that there's a political choice.
(speaking in foreign language)
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] On April the
28th full war is declared.
Russia Today and Sputnik are denied access
to Emmanuel Macron's meetings.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] RT and Sputnik fight back
by showing their banned journalists
on their worldwide
channels in all languages.
- And the U.K.
(speaking in foreign language)
- For RT International.
(speaking in foreign language)
- So I'm sorry, but you
are not on our lists.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Journalist] You looked up
the channel on the internet
didn't you and you denied
me based on that, why?
- No.
- [Paul Moreira] Macron's campaign
has boosted Russian propaganda.
RT and Sputnik are only the public faces
of Russia's soft power machine.
The 2016 and 2017 elections would reveal
that there are new players in the game.
They were active in the
US during Trump's campaign
and also in France and Germany.
They're taken very seriously.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] New
words for a new world.
These new warriors
invade the virtual space
where we now spend half of our time.
Troll, an agent of influence
on social networks.
Fake news, formally known as lies.
Hacker, cyber pirate who hijacks data.
Meme, slick slogan that
goes viral on social media.
In 2016 a young Russian
half woman half troll
flooded the internet with
a three picture meme.
(dramatic music)
As Putin's holding a press conference
she appears in front of the
cameras with a triptych.
Putin, Marine, Trump.
This image will be
reproduced over and over.
Maria became the face
of a political agenda.
A very pretty face.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] In June
2017 Putin half admitted
the existence of new
Russian agents of influence.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] According to Putin,
Russian hackers are lone
wolves, they're mavericks.
The Kremlin has nothing to do with them.
In order to understand who was behind
this new Russian propaganda
let's take a closer look
at a man who keeps himself in the shadows
and never gives interviews
to the foreign press.
Konstantin Rykov.
Don't be fooled by his teenage appearance.
He's a key figure.
Roman Dobrokhotov, a Russian
investigative journalist
has dug about to try and expose him.
(dramatic music)
- It's not like you know those who sit
in a cabinet having some official duty,
but of course he was the main sovereign,
I don't know how to call this kind of job
because he was not of
course officially in charge.
- [Paul Moreira] Investigating
Rykov is no easy matter.
His friends keep quiet and
his enemies are scared.
(speaking in foreign language)
Here is one of Rykov's
rare public appearances on
a rather boozy talk show
on the internet.
(speaking in foreign language)
Facing him, an opposition blogger.
(speaking in foreign language)
(audience applauding)
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] We met a
Russian internet pioneer
who lives in Belgium
and who knew Rykov well.
- He comes from the culture of children of
a post-Soviet rich people.
- OK.
- Golden youth.
- Golden youth.
And now it is he's totally pro-Putin
from what we understand.
- He was always pro-Putin.
I mean, before Putin he
was essentially nobody.
He was like a young guy
using prohibited words
on the internet.
- [Paul Moreira] It was at
the end of the 1990s in front
of the cameras that Rykov
offered his services to Putin.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Regarding
morals and ethics,
Rykov took a few liberties.
He became an unruly MP of Putin's party
as well as a millionaire.
looked into how he made this fortune
and revealed it came from
a paid dating site, Dosug.
With Dosug you can find partners
for all sorts of sport
and cultural activities.
(easy listening music)
For as little as 150 euros you
can go swimming with Natasha.
Go horse riding with Tatiana,
or play doctors and nurses with Zasha.
- I think all this pornography story
was a long time ago, so
all that he is doing lately
is connected with politics mostly.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Rykov proved
to be a master in the art
of making memes to draw
the attention of the media.
Maria, who became famous for her Trump,
Putin, Le Pen triptych works with him.
Maria specializes in propaganda.
She once created an
amateur video for YouTube
surrounded by bombings
on the Ukrainian front.
(speaking in foreign language)
(explosions resound)
(laughing)
- [Paul Moreira] Maria is in
a studio, the video is fake.
It ends up being leaked, but
has no impact on her career.
Maria's job is to stay in the limelight
while Rykov remains backstage.
- [Man] That's the guy.
- [Paul Moreira] In 2016
Rykov's work went international.
He put together a team
to support Donald Trump
on the internet.
The night of the American elections
Rykov and those who helped
him met up in a bar is Moscow.
They were being filmed for social media.
The tension is unbearable.
Maria is also with them.
Suddenly, the news breaks.
Against all odds, Trump wins.
- [Man] It's fucking
Trump, it's fucking Trump!
(laughing)
(shouting)
♪ We are the champions of the world ♪
- [Paul Moreira]
Overwhelmed, six days later
Rykov would post a strange
confession on his Facebook page.
He implies that he was part
of a spin operation for Trump.
For four years and two
days we needed to get into
everyone's brains and control
mass perception of reality.
Is Rykov just boasting, or
is he telling the truth?
Whether bluffing or not, he
gives a huge party in Moscow
to celebrate Trump's victory.
The theme of the evening,
Russian hackers made Trump win.
(upbeat music)
- When Trump was elected,
there was like fireworks.
And if Le Pen was
elected, there would like,
all the Russian government would like
die in convulsions of pleasure.
- [Paul Moreira] Maria is delighted.
The new world order is underway.
It looks like mere provocation,
but a year later we would discover
that the Russian trolls
had been truly active.
(upbeat music)
Saint Petersburg is the most
beautiful city in Russia.
It's Vladimir Putin's hometown.
It's also where a rather
peculiar industry operates.
A secret troll factory.
It's name, the Internet Research Agency.
The employees have one single task.
To manufacture propaganda and
fake news for social media.
I am with a translator.
Hello, hello, hello, excuse
me, can we speak with you
a little bit?
(speaking in foreign language)
Do you work at Internet Research Agency?
(speaking in foreign language)
(laughing)
- [Paul Moreira] We
eventually found a young man
who worked in this troll
factory for four months in 2014
at the start of the war in Ukraine.
He worked in Russian for the Russians.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] To comply
with the official line,
the trolls have to check
a site created by Rykov.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Hello.
(speaking in foreign language)
(train wheels clattering)
- [Paul Moreira] In the
suburbs of Saint Petersburg
we meet Ludmila Savchuk, a journalist
who infiltrated the troll factory in 2015.
She managed to film with a hidden camera.
(dramatic music)
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] In 2016 the troll factory
started focusing on the United States
in the battle between Hillary
Clinton and Donald Trump
they fought fiercely for Trump
without ever revealing they were Russian.
Andrey Zakharov is a journalist.
With the help of a mole,
he succeeded in proving
that there were more than
400 Facebook pages in English
that were actually created
in Saint Petersburg.
- When we started our investigation
we found one Facebook community
which is called Secured Borders.
- [Paul Moreira] Secured
Borders, the Facebook page
was followed by 144,000 American citizens.
It replicated the xenophobic
themes of Trump's campaign.
The racist memes followed soon after,
shared far and wide
throughout scared America
and based on fake news.
For example, 30% of
undocumented immigrant children
are part of a gang.
The meme suggests to
share if you're shocked.
Or, Muslims have invented
a new strategy of warfare.
They're making children to
replace white Americans.
- They cover Trump's
immigration policy which
is very popular and was one
of the reasons why Trump won.
- [Paul Moreira] Andrey's revelations
stir up a storm in Washington.
The directors of Facebook,
Twitter, and Google
are summoned to the Senate.
They've earned money from
the Russian propaganda ads.
The investigation showed
that the troll factory
in Saint Petersburg paid
the social media sites
to publicize their
messages as political ads.
- People are buying ads on
your platform with rubles.
They're political ads.
You put billions of data
points together all the time.
That's what I hear that
these platforms do.
They're the most sophisticated
things invented by man ever.
Google has all knowledge
that man has ever developed.
You can't put together rubles
with a political ad and go
like, hm, those two data
points spell out something bad?
- Senator, it's a signal we
should have been alert to
and in hindsight it's one we missed.
- OK, OK, yeah, uh...
- [Paul Moreira] Facebook
shouldn't have trusted
Yosemite Sam, yes, Sam, the
one who shoots Bugs Bunny.
A meme went viral explaining that Sam
would from then on be banned from TV
because he carried a weapon.
This lie was targeting firearm owners
to encourage them to vote for Trump.
The fake news was shared by 215,000 people
and seen millions of times.
It originated from Saint Petersburg.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] What was the real impact
of the Russian trolls
on Trump being elected?
It's hard to tell, but
they certainly fueled
the far-right American
campaign in favor of Trump.
(singing in foreign language)
Like in Texas, where they
succeeded in organizing
a racist protest and
counter-protest from Russia.
Few people showed up, but it was enough
to stun the American senators.
- Russia trolls were
encouraging both sides
to battle in the streets
and create division
between real Americans.
This disruptive event in
Houston cost Russia about $200.
- [Paul Moreira] And
that's the beauty of it.
$200, barely as much as a
Lada in a very bad condition.
(motor rumbling)
Who paged the wages in the troll factory?
- Yevgeny Prigozhin's instructions.
- Who?
- Yevgeny Prigozhin.
- [Paul Moreira] Who is he?
- He's responsible for catering
of official meetings in Kremlin.
- [Paul Moreira] So
basically he's like big cook
for the Kremlin.
- Yes, he's big cook
for the Kremlin, he started his business
in Saint Petersburg and his restaurants
were very popular in 90s.
- [Paul Moreira]
Officially the Kremlin chef
denies any involvement
in the troll factory
and refuses to respond to
any interview requests.
(fanfare music)
Between Putin and the troll factory
the walls remain sealed.
Even Andrey, who disclosed the
scoop advises to be cautious.
- You should understand
this power structure.
(dramatic music)
The czar.
And there are a small circle.
This small circle has
delegated the right to power
in the name of the czar.
(audience applauding)
There are people who are
responsible like Surkov.
He delegates to them power
that will not go down from
this circle very often.
- [Paul Moreira] Oh, OK.
- [Andrey] For your press, it's
easy to put Putin everywhere
because it's like you can sell it.
- [Paul Moreira] So you
think you go too fast
on those limits.
- Yes, too fast.
- [Paul Moreira] That gives
a lot of power to Putin
in Europe because people
think that he's over powerful.
- You make his power more and more
because you say, OK, he's
responsible for this,
he's responsible for
this, he's responsible.
It's like something from fairy tale.
The main hero in a fairy tale
and children become very, very...
- Afraid.
- Yes. (laughs)
- [Paul Moreira] And the west
also happens to blame Putin
for things he didn't actually do.
(typing)
The most spectacular mistake was published
by the American newspaper
The Washington Post.
In December 2016 they announced
that Russian hackers were about
to break into a power plant
in the U.S. in Vermont and
they were rather convincing.
All the electricity in
America could be at the mercy
of the Russians.
It was actually fake news.
A few days later The Washington Post
had to rebut its own scoop.
According to sources
close to the investigation
it appeared that there
hadn't been any attacks
by Russian hackers on a
power plant in Vermont.
(upbeat music)
Maria played a part in
Trump's campaign from afar,
but she's fully committed
to helping Marine Le
Pen's campaign in France.
(crowd cheering)
On the 27th of March
she's heading to Paris.
There's still six weeks to go
before the French presidential election.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Rykov's
team are sure of it.
After Trump it'll be Marine.
We've decided to keep track of Maria
and see where she takes us.
She posts everything on the internet
and avoids any interviews.
(speaking in foreign language)
She's with French MPs and
here's the room number, 6217.
(motor roaring)
(tires squealing)
At the National Assembly,
we come across a meeting
of the Franco-Russian Dialogue.
Maria's gone, we've missed her,
but the meeting turns out
to be very interesting.
Let's stay for a bit.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] They're rather discreet,
but it's a pro-Russia
lobby gathering politicians
and the biggest French companies,
the ones that invest in Russia.
The boss of Total is the chairman of honor
and tens of European
companies are represented.
At the speakers' table
there's a journalist
from the far-right weekly
magazine Valeurs actuelles.
In the red tie a
representative of the far left.
And then the black tie,
a right-wing candidate.
They have nothing in common
apart from supporting Russia.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] The meeting's organizers
are Thierry Mariani an Nicolas Dhuicq,
the MP who told Sputnik that Macron
could be an American agent.
(cartoon running sound effect resounds)
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Apparently
I'm not the only one
chasing Maria.
(app whistling)
She ends up sending me a
private message, lucky me.
(zipper zipping)
The train's barely set off
when I receive a message from Maria.
I find out that she's been
invited to see Marine Le Pen
in front of the Russian cameras
she's given her the famous triptych.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] And
during the conversation
Maria drops a significant hint.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Marine Le Pen and Maria
share a belief and a method.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Like Trump,
Le Pen discredits the media
at her rallies.
(audience applauding)
(speaking in foreign language)
(crowd jeering and whistling)
- [Paul Moreira] It's the
second round of voting.
And in this final phase,
the pace picks up.
Maria has returned to Moscow
She talks about her trip on TV.
Her boss Rykov organizes a secret meeting
of the Marine Committee.
On Facebook he writes, no
journalists, no mobile phones.
(message notification whistles)
The anti-Macron fake news speed up.
The main one is published
on an American forum.
Macron supposedly has a
secret account in a tax haven.
Fake news, which is then spread on the net
by National Front supporters
and by Marine Le Pen herself
on television.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] The
French campaign is starting
to strangely resemble the Trump campaign.
It would only take for
Macron's collaborators'
email accounts to be hacked
for the parallel to be completely drawn.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] At the
general headquarters
of the Macron campaign, the same morning.
A fake email was received in
the name of the man in charge
of the digital campaign, Mounir Mahjoubi.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] But they weren't quite
as ready as expected.
The next day, not paying attention,
a coworker clicks on a fake email.
The hackers finally access the inboxes
of six of Macron's collaborators.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] The emails
are posted on the internet
with the aim of changing
the course of the election
with the controversial revelations,
but the French press refuses
to publish these data.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] It's
impossible to pin the hacking
on the Russians, but on
social media Maria teases.
She publishes a link to the hacked emails
in the Macron campaign, the Macron leaks.
This evening in Moscow, Maria and Rykov
are organizing a party
for the French elections.
They are hoping to help
Marine Le Pen to victory.
We're amongst the invited guests.
Maria is there posing for the cameras
and Konstantin Rykov finally
emerges from the shadows.
(speaking in foreign language)
At last,
we get to interview Maria.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Always the same slogan.
No proof that the Kremlin is to blame.
But just a few meters away from us
could be the proof that's
evaded us from the start.
In 2014 Rykov was tracked
by a group of enemy hackers.
- Two criminal hackers.
- [Paul Moreira] Their
name was Shaltai-Boltai
and they succeeded in hacking the phones
and computers of Kremlin officials.
They got hold of thousands
of mails, texts, and photos.
(dramatic music)
- The just posted in the internet.
- [Paul Moreira] And
you knew who they were?
- No, of course not, actually
no one could at first
understand what is all about.
For us it was a very difficult job
sitting for a month and
trying to understand
what is the sense of these messages
and who are actually
behind these messages?
- [Paul Moreira] In the mass
of data, Roman discovered
the telephone contents
of one of Putin's men.
He works for the Kremlin and is in charge
of the internet propaganda.
His name is Timur Prokopenko.
There are several exchanges with Rykov.
The two men planned to use Marine Le Pen
for the benefit of the Kremlin.
(message notifications beeping)
On the 17th of March, 2014
Marine Le Pen announces
her support for the annexation
of Crimea by Russia.
Marine Le Pen denies any
knowledge of Rykov's existence,
but for him and for the Kremlin
it's been a successful mission.
The Russian point of view is championed
by one of the main
political parties of France.
(message notifications beeping)
As it seems, a Kremlin official
turned Le Pen into an agent
of influence through Rykov.
Rykov is in the bar, it's
our only chance to ask him.
(speaking in foreign language)
We can talk interview about today, no?
Why not, you are the mastermind of this.
You are the architect of this thing.
- [Rykov] No, no, no.
- [Paul Moreira] No, why not?
(speaking in foreign language)
Rykov spends most of
his time in this alcove
the entrance to which looks to be guarded
while Maria entertains
her audience on the stage.
Let's try and slip in.
Just one question, on the internet
I saw that you had an
exchange with Mr. Prokopenko
from the Kremlin to help Marine Le Pen.
- Not me.
- Not you.
- It was a fake.
- It was a fake.
- [Rykov] Some guys who put,
how could they end up stolen?
- [Paul Moreira] Shaltai Boltai, right?
Could the texting between
the Kremlin official
and Maria's boss be fake?
- That cannot be so because we checked
that several times, that is 100% real SMS,
but of course I would be surprised
if Rykov would confirm that,
because that's all very sensitive.
- [Paul Moreira] You did
not help Marine Le Pen,
but you're helping her now.
- [Rykov] We're just a fan.
- [Paul Moreira] You're what?
- [Rykov] Like a fan.
- [Woman] Yeah, it's just like a fan club.
- [Paul Moreira] Fan club.
- [Woman] It doesn't refer
to official government.
I think the best thing, if you ask Maria.
- [Paul Moreira] Oh yeah,
so he stays in the shadow
and she speaks?
- [Woman] Yeah, I definitely think so
because he doesn't like to be filmed.
- [Paul Moreira] OK, so yeah,
he's like the shadow cabinet.
- Yeah.
- In the shadow government.
(laughing)
- He's pretty camera shy.
- [Paul Moreira] Just a fan club.
That's the official line from Rykov,
but a few weeks later on a Russian website
a journalist manages to
get a few words out of him
on his key role in Le Pen
and Trump's campaigns.
(news theme music)
(speaking in foreign language)
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] The story
could have ended there
with a failed mission and
Maria's dejected pout.
(crowd cheering)
But that evening in the restaurant
I notice a familiar face,
Pierre Malinowski, a French.
A former soldier, he is
assistant to Jean-Marie Le Pen.
He's often in Russia and is
a die-hard admirer of Putin.
Luckily he's a smoker, let's
have a few words outside.
He gives away a secret without
really thinking about it.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] So
Vladimir Putin suppoedly
secretly met with the leader
of the most powerful far-right
party in Europe twice.
It's a huge investment,
and nothing comes for free in this world.
What did Putin want
from the National Front?
What was his plan?
We wanted to ask Marine Le Pen in person,
but our requests remained unanswered.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Aymeric
Chauprade knew about it.
Even if the former Mr.
Russia of the National Front
wasn't at the meetings in person.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] And Marine Le
Pen earned a lot from Russia.
More than 12 million euros.
That's the sum of two
loans to the National Front
in 2014 and 2016, loans which
should have remained secret
but were disclosed by
the newspaper Mediapart.
Officially they were business transactions
with no strings attached, no
win-win deals with the Kremlin
but were they really?
The man who negotiated the
Russian money is a member
of the European Parliament,
Jean-Luc Schaffhauser.
He claims to have worked
as an intermediary
for Total, Dassault, and Thales in Russia.
He was sent there for the first time
by Pope Jean-Paul the Second in 1989.
He's got a lot of inside knowledge.
The only problem is he's not
the biggest fan of journalists.
I'll have to earn his trust.
The only thing I know
is that he's Catholic
and a bit hot-headed.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] I'd got
the help of God on this.
We've touched upon a biblical metaphor
and the tone of the conversation changes.
(speaking in foreign language)
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] State secrets
between the National Front
and Vladimir Putin, it's going well.
I still have to find out the exact role
of Putin and the releasing
of the millions of Euros.
Officially, none.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] But this Mr. Babakov
isn't just the regular banker.
He works for Vladimir
Putin's administration.
He was put in charge of Russians abroad.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] And yet, it is.
Aymeric Chauprade, who now speaks freely
revealed the Kremlin's real intentions
when it came to the National Front.
And it had nothing to do
with a business transaction.
(speaking in foreign language)
(dramatic music)
(speaking in foreign language)
(boots stomping ground)
- [Paul Moreira] Russians
against Americans,
bloc against bloc, the
return of the Cold War.
In this new chess game of power
the National Front is only a minor pawn.
It's in Ukraine that this new Cold War
has really become visible.
In 2014 a government close
to Moscow is overthrown.
The Ukrainian rebels want to
escape the grasp of Russia.
The United States openly
supports the change of regime.
- Free world is with
you, America is with you,
I am with you.
- [Paul Moreira] For the Russians,
it's a hostile coup
d'etat on their doorstep.
They give military support
to the insurrection
of the Russian population
in the east of Ukraine
(gunshots resound)
and they annex Crimea.
Two wars are running in parallel.
The military war and
the war of information.
Russia Today falsely
accuses the Ukrainians
of crucifying Russian babies,
whilst on the other side
some Western journalists keep quiet
about the atrocities of the
most violent Ukrainian militia.
One example is this piece
on this Ukrainian girl.
The author, a French journalist
failed to mention that she was a Nazi
and that her battalion was
accused by Amnesty International
of executing pro-Russian civilians.
At the time of the Ukrainian conflict
the Russians considered themselves victims
of Russia phobia.
For them, the media war is now on.
At the heart of the state media
there's a group of experts
in ideological war led by Olga Sinowjewa.
They organize conferences
and publish articles.
One of their major texts
was published by Sputnik
and translated into several languages.
It's a media war treaty.
Unfortunately, Russia is forced
to resort to the information war weapons.
The information war leads
to take regrettable actions.
Olga Sinowjewa lives at
Moscow State University.
- [Paul Moreira] You remember this?
- Yes, more or less, yes, more or less.
You have to stay on your position.
You are fighting for your country.
You are responsible for your country.
So from this point of
view, all of the ideas
or means or possibilities are welcome.
- Even like using fake news or--
- No, not at all.
- Because that's how you
could interpret your text.
- You know, I'm afraid that
the translation wasn't correct.
Not very correct, I will, how to say,
I didn't read it from
the beginning to the end,
so I beg your pardon,
but I wouldn't be able
to use such words.
- OK.
Let's not justify ourselves
on the fabrication
because the West uses the same methods.
- No, no.
- No.
- That's absolutely--
- We are not well translated.
- You know, I'm afraid
that's not well translated,
but it's a fake, it's a fake.
- Well, it comes from Sputnik.
- Yes, I know, but I have to discuss,
I have to research this
translation, thank you very much.
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] Today Russia's soft power
has spread across Europe.
In Germany, notably
there's a Russian community
of more than four million people.
(airplane engine roaring)
In January 2016 Russian propaganda
took advantage of one
particularly controversial case.
In Marzahn, Berlin's Russian district
a 13-year-old girl Liza
claims to have been raped
by three Arab refugees.
The police don't arrest any suspects
in the hours that follow.
The German Sputnik site denounces the rape
and the refugees apparent impunity.
Protests by Russian-Germans are sparked.
The leader of the most conservative
Russian-German association
is Heinrich Groth.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] He turns the rape case
into an anti-refugee campaign.
(speaking in foreign language)
(crowd cheering and whistling)
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Around
one million migrants
have come to Germany since 2015.
A fact widely exploited
by the extreme right
and Russian propaganda.
In the Russian district of Berlin
another activist assumed
a dissenting voice.
Alexander Reiser is Russian
and he manages a very active
multicultural association.
He's known in the community.
He joined in with the protests.
Until the day he snapped.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] A topic covered
by the main Russian TV channel
is adding fuel to the fire.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Two weeks
later, the story takes a turn.
Vladimir Putin's closest collaborator,
the Russian minister for foreign affairs
gives an official statement on the matter.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] For
Alexander Reiser who dared
to voice his doubts, life
becomes a living hell.
He's been the target of a troll attack.
(speaking in foreign language)
(laughing)
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] The
German police conclude
the results of their investigation.
The young girl lied, there was no rape.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Liza's
case hype dies down,
but in the minds of
many Russians in Germany
the fear of migrants lives on,
especially because Liza's
fiance was of Turkish origin.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] During the
late elections Heinrich Groth,
the president of the
Russian-German Association
gave his support to the
extreme right party,
Alternative for Germany.
The AfD owes a huge part
of its voting success
to the Russian community in Germany.
It's the only party to have translated
its manifesto into Russian.
In September 2017 the AfD
entered German Parliament.
It's the first time the far right
had made it in since the war.
Alexander Gauland is
the leader of the AfD.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] In Germany the
fear of migrants and Muslims
is displayed on the street each
and every Monday since 2014.
The PEGIDA movement unites
tens of thousands of Germans
who are against the
opening of the borders.
(chanting in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Amongst the protesters
we spot Russian flags.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] And
sometimes even half-German
half-Russian flags.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Then
there's also Lutz Bachmann,
the founder of PEGIDA.
Since the press published pictures of him
dressed up as Hitler, he's not
been too keen on journalists.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Bachmann
ends up giving his opinion
in his speech.
(speaking in foreign language)
(crowd applauding and cheering)
- [Paul Moreira]
Counter-protesters are also there.
They support Germany's refugee policy.
(bells ringing)
(speaking in foreign language)
(bells ringing)
(chanting in foreign language)
- They like the
authoritarian style of Putin.
They are attracted to sort
of nationalistic movements
and so on and so they
feel a liking to them.
They also like Trump, they
also like Marine Le Pen,
so it's not specifically to Putin,
but Russia is the only regime
that's sort of authoritarian
so this is why the flags are here.
- Le Pen, OK, Le Pen OK,
Le Pen OK! (laughing)
- [Paul Moreira] Most PEGIDA
members vote for the AfD.
Do you get some financial aid from Russia?
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Yeah.
(speaking in foreign language)
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] In 2015
however, a powerful Russian
ultra-orthodox religious foundation
very active in Western Europe
arranged for Alexander
Gauland to travel to Russia.
A trip which was kept very discreet.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Konstantin
Malofeev is a key figure
in Russia's influence in Europe.
He created a religious
foundation and he's very wealthy.
He used his money to try
and build a European network
of far-right parties from the FPA in power
in Austria today to the
French National Front
and the AfD in Germany.
(dramatic music)
Aymeric Chauprade was
part of this project.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Malofeev has
created an ultra-conservative
television channel in order to
promote his ideas in Russia.
Officially it's not
airing for the Kremlin.
(speaking in foreign language)
- It's very Byzantine.
The painting.
- Just like a church.
Konstantin Malofeev has agreed to meet us.
He rarely gives interviews.
- Do we want independents to think about
their own interests, not to
think about globalist ideas
about one new world order,
liberal, LGBT supporters, globalism.
Get out of NATO, get
out from European Union.
And France, of Louis Quatorze also.
(crowd clapping)
- [Paul Moreira] In
France, Malofeev secretly
helped out Jean-Marie Le Pen in 2014.
(crowd cheering)
- [Crowd] Jean-Marie, Jean-Marie,
Jean-Marie, Jean-Marie, Jean-Marie.
- I sympathize Jean-Marie
Le Pen and I believe
that he's a man from the big letter M.
So because he's a personality
and in French politics now
it's big lack of personality.
- How did you help him get this money?
- I have friends and
you know, these friends
were more motivated to
help politicians in Europe.
- So basically you connected him with a--
- Yes.
- OK.
My feeling is that you fit much more close
to the anti-gay marriage movement
than you are to the National Front.
Now for sure, but I'm not
calling this anti-gay.
I'm calling this anti-sodomite. (laughs)
- Well, it's not restricted
to gays, this practice.
- Sodomite is the old word from
the Bible and we can use it.
Of course I am closer to this because
family is the last fortress.
(dramatic music)
- [Paul Moreira] In 2013
in France protesters
against gay marriage
openly turned to Russia.
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] We've
discovered that Malofeev
has given financial aid to some of them.
Amongst them, an association
led by Fabrice Sorlin,
an ultra-Catholic.
(chanting in foreign language)
- Do you accomplish
part of Putin's agenda?
I'm putting it to you very frankly.
- Maybe, but not because he asked me.
- Hm, OK.
- Just because you know,
that's my view, I'm very independent.
- [Paul Moreira] When I
started this investigation
I wondered if the information war
was foreshadowing the
real war, the deadly one.
I'd find the answer to this question
on the pavements of Moscow.
In Russia, May sees the
season of military parades.
They celebrate their victory
over the Nazis in 1945.
They parade with state of the art weapons.
This display of power
lasts the whole morning,
but the crowd at the
back is rather sparse.
(motors rumbling)
In the afternoon there's another parade
involving 700,000 people.
(shouting in foreign language)
No weapons, no artillery, just pictures.
The families come to honor
the memory of their parents
killed during World War Two.
In Russia, even the
farthest right is anti-Nazi.
- I'm representative of
the people who suffered
from Nazism more than all
other people in the world.
(singing in foreign language)
(speaking in foreign language)
- [Paul Moreira] Konstantin
Malofeev is working
towards reestablishing an
ultra-nationalist axis in Europe,
one that includes many Neo-Nazis.
Can I show you a picture?
- Please.
- OK, this was filmed in May the first
at the meeting of Jean-Marie Le Pen.
(chanting in foreign language)
Listen to this guy.
(speaking in foreign language)
(chanting in foreign language)
- Listen, but I can't find anything
against Jean-Marie at this meeting.
You just made a movie
with one guy in the crowd.
- OK.
- I have no any doubt
that what you are showing
me looks like he's a Nazi.
- But you know that the
founders of the National Front,
some of them are from the Waffen-SS
like Mr. Leon Gaultier,
are you aware of that?
- I think that people can't
be blamed for their past
when they're 50 years or 60 years after.
(speaking in foreign language)