Behind the Movement (2018) - full transcript

INDOXXI
Support dengan like & share :)
1
00:00:02,102 --> 00:00:04,036
[ Birds chirping ]

[ Vehicle approaching ]

[ Siren wails, tires squeal ]

[ Engine stops ]

[ "Strange Fruit" plays ]

♪ Southern trees ♪

[ Dog barks in distance ]

♪ Bearin' strange fruit ♪

[ Barking continues ]

♪ Blood on the leaves ♪

♪ And blood at the roots ♪



♪ Black bodies swingin' ♪

♪ In the southern breeze ♪

♪ Strange fruit hangin' ♪

♪ From the poplar trees ♪

♪ Pastoral scene ♪

♪ Of the gallant sorrow ♪

♪ Them big bulgin' eyes ♪

♪ And the twisted mouth ♪

♪ Scent of magnolia ♪

♪ Clean and fresh ♪

♪ Then the sudden smell ♪

♪ Of burnin' flesh ♪

♪ Crop ♪

>> ♪ God rest ye merry
gentlemen ♪
[ Doorbell dings ]



gentlemen ♪
[ Doorbell dings ]
[ Indistinct chatter ]

[ Doorbell dings ]
[ Indistinct chatter ]
>> Mrs. Bronson, good morning.

[ Indistinct chatter ]
>> Mrs. Bronson, good morning.
>> Is she in?

>> Mrs. Bronson, good morning.
>> Is she in?
>> Nice to see you back.

>> Is she in?
>> Nice to see you back.
She is.

>> Nice to see you back.
She is.
>> I have an emergency.

She is.
>> I have an emergency.
I need to see her right away.

>> I have an emergency.
I need to see her right away.
>> Is there something I can do

I need to see her right away.
>> Is there something I can do
for you?

>> Is there something I can do
for you?
>> No, I need to see her.

for you?
>> No, I need to see her.
>> Well, I-I think she's back

>> No, I need to see her.
>> Well, I-I think she's back
here somewhere.

>> Well, I-I think she's back
here somewhere.
>> Rosa.

here somewhere.
>> Rosa.
>> Hello, Mrs. Bronson.

>> Rosa.
>> Hello, Mrs. Bronson.
>> I have a catastrophe on my

>> Hello, Mrs. Bronson.
>> I have a catastrophe on my
hands, and it can only be

>> I have a catastrophe on my
hands, and it can only be
entrusted to you.

hands, and it can only be
entrusted to you.
>> Okay, well, let's take a

entrusted to you.
>> Okay, well, let's take a
look.

>> Okay, well, let's take a
look.
Oh.

look.
Oh.
>> ♪ Comfort and joy ♪

Oh.
>> ♪ Comfort and joy ♪
>> Well, don't you worry.

>> ♪ Comfort and joy ♪
>> Well, don't you worry.
This will not be a problem.

>> Well, don't you worry.
This will not be a problem.
>> Oh, thank you, dear.

This will not be a problem.
>> Oh, thank you, dear.
You are the most talented woman

>> Oh, thank you, dear.
You are the most talented woman
in Montgomery, and I would be

You are the most talented woman
in Montgomery, and I would be
lost without you.

in Montgomery, and I would be
lost without you.
>> Well, that is very kind of

lost without you.
>> Well, that is very kind of
you to say.

>> Well, that is very kind of
you to say.
>> I'm just statin' a fact.

you to say.
>> I'm just statin' a fact.
>> Uh, Mrs. Bronson, I've got

>> I'm just statin' a fact.
>> Uh, Mrs. Bronson, I've got
something to show you.

>> Uh, Mrs. Bronson, I've got
something to show you.
Would you mind?

something to show you.
Would you mind?
>> Thank you.

Would you mind?
>> Thank you.
>> Oh, of course, of course.

>> Thank you.
>> Oh, of course, of course.
>> I think you'll just love it.

>> Oh, of course, of course.
>> I think you'll just love it.
[ "I'm a Woman" plays ]

>> ♪ I can wash out 44 pairs
of socks ♪
♪ And have 'em hangin' out

of socks ♪
♪ And have 'em hangin' out
on the line ♪

♪ And have 'em hangin' out
on the line ♪
♪ I can starch and iron two

on the line ♪
♪ I can starch and iron two
dozens shirts ♪

♪ I can starch and iron two
dozens shirts ♪
♪ Before you can count from one

dozens shirts ♪
♪ Before you can count from one
to nine ♪

♪ Before you can count from one
to nine ♪
♪ I can scoop up a great big

to nine ♪
♪ I can scoop up a great big
dipper full of lard ♪

♪ I can scoop up a great big
dipper full of lard ♪
♪ From the drippin's can ♪

dipper full of lard ♪
♪ From the drippin's can ♪
♪ Throw it in the skillet,

♪ From the drippin's can ♪
♪ Throw it in the skillet,
go out and do my shopping ♪

♪ Throw it in the skillet,
go out and do my shopping ♪
♪ Be back before it melts

go out and do my shopping ♪
♪ Be back before it melts
in the pan ♪

♪ Be back before it melts
in the pan ♪
♪ 'Cause I'm a woman ♪

in the pan ♪
♪ 'Cause I'm a woman ♪
♪ W-O-M-A-N ♪

♪ 'Cause I'm a woman ♪
♪ W-O-M-A-N ♪
>> It'd look so much better if

♪ W-O-M-A-N ♪
>> It'd look so much better if
you'd just lose some weight.

>> It'd look so much better if
you'd just lose some weight.
>> Mama, I tried.

you'd just lose some weight.
>> Mama, I tried.
>> I'll go look for a shawl.

>> You look beautiful, miss.

You're gonna be the most
beautiful girl at the party.
Secret is, how you carry

beautiful girl at the party.
Secret is, how you carry
yourself -- your shoulders back,

Secret is, how you carry
yourself -- your shoulders back,
your head held high, and smile.

yourself -- your shoulders back,
your head held high, and smile.
A smile like you're holdin' a

your head held high, and smile.
A smile like you're holdin' a
secret.

A smile like you're holdin' a
secret.
You'll be a showstopper for

secret.
You'll be a showstopper for
sure.

You'll be a showstopper for
sure.
>> Are we done here?

sure.
>> Are we done here?
>> Yes, ma'am.

>> Are we done here?
>> Yes, ma'am.
Should be ready tomorrow at

>> Yes, ma'am.
Should be ready tomorrow at
3:00.

Should be ready tomorrow at
3:00.
>> Thank you.

3:00.
>> Thank you.
Go change.

>> Thank you.
Go change.
Got a lot more to do and your

Go change.
Got a lot more to do and your
father's waitin'.

Got a lot more to do and your
father's waitin'.
>> ♪ Come in, baby ♪

father's waitin'.
>> ♪ Come in, baby ♪
♪ Sit down on my... ♪

>> ♪ Come in, baby ♪
♪ Sit down on my... ♪
[ Bell dings ]

♪ Sit down on my... ♪
[ Bell dings ]
>> Morning, Mr. Parks.

[ Bell dings ]
>> Morning, Mr. Parks.
[ Music continues ]

>> Morning, Mr. Parks.
[ Music continues ]
>> Read it.

[ Music continues ]
>> Read it.
>> ♪ Right here, pretty baby ♪

>> Read it.
>> ♪ Right here, pretty baby ♪
♪ Or sit down on my... ♪

>> ♪ Right here, pretty baby ♪
♪ Or sit down on my... ♪
>> "Ancient rule justified."

♪ Or sit down on my... ♪
>> "Ancient rule justified."
>> Yeah, what do you think about

>> "Ancient rule justified."
>> Yeah, what do you think about
that?

>> Yeah, what do you think about
that?
>> It can't be true, Mr. Parks.

that?
>> It can't be true, Mr. Parks.
It can't.

>> You know, Emmett Till could
have been a Brooklyn Dodger.
He could have been the next

have been a Brooklyn Dodger.
He could have been the next
Roy Campanella.

He could have been the next
Roy Campanella.
You see these people?

Roy Campanella.
You see these people?
They want us playing ball and

You see these people?
They want us playing ball and
entertaining them.

They want us playing ball and
entertaining them.
They don't want us to have, uh,

entertaining them.
They don't want us to have, uh,
this thing called "justice."

They don't want us to have, uh,
this thing called "justice."
>> ♪ With all my heart and

this thing called "justice."
>> ♪ With all my heart and
soul ♪

>> ♪ With all my heart and
soul ♪
♪ I'll give you anything I got ♪

soul ♪
♪ I'll give you anything I got ♪
>> You're doin' a good job on

♪ I'll give you anything I got ♪
>> You're doin' a good job on
that floor, son.

>> You're doin' a good job on
that floor, son.
Big day today.

that floor, son.
Big day today.
Big day.

Big day today.
Big day.
Big day.

Big day.
Big day.
>> Thank you, sir.

Big day.
>> Thank you, sir.
I'll get back to work.

>> Thank you, sir.
I'll get back to work.
[ Door closes ]

I'll get back to work.
[ Door closes ]
>> Well, that little nigger boy

[ Door closes ]
>> Well, that little nigger boy
got what he deserved.

>> Well, that little nigger boy
got what he deserved.
He had no right to be talkin',

got what he deserved.
He had no right to be talkin',
let alone whistlin' at her.

He had no right to be talkin',
let alone whistlin' at her.
>> That's right.

let alone whistlin' at her.
>> That's right.
>> Can you imagine?

>> That's right.
>> Can you imagine?
That poor woman must have been

>> Can you imagine?
That poor woman must have been
terrified!

That poor woman must have been
terrified!
>> Mm-hmm.

terrified!
>> Mm-hmm.
>> Well, I am just grateful to

>> Mm-hmm.
>> Well, I am just grateful to
God that the whole mess is over

>> Well, I am just grateful to
God that the whole mess is over
and done with and justice has

God that the whole mess is over
and done with and justice has
been served.

and done with and justice has
been served.
>> Well, they had no right to

been served.
>> Well, they had no right to
arrest Mr. Bryant in the first

>> Well, they had no right to
arrest Mr. Bryant in the first
place.

arrest Mr. Bryant in the first
place.
Protecting his wife's honor is

place.
Protecting his wife's honor is
all he was doin'.

Protecting his wife's honor is
all he was doin'.
How's that against the law

all he was doin'.
How's that against the law
these days?

How's that against the law
these days?
>> Well, that boy should have

these days?
>> Well, that boy should have
known his place.

>> Well, that boy should have
known his place.
>> After Emmett Till was

known his place.
>> After Emmett Till was
murdered, I felt like I saw him

>> After Emmett Till was
murdered, I felt like I saw him
in every young boy I passed.

murdered, I felt like I saw him
in every young boy I passed.
Who could've imagined that a

in every young boy I passed.
Who could've imagined that a
sweet, 14-year-old boy would be

Who could've imagined that a
sweet, 14-year-old boy would be
dragged from his bed in the

sweet, 14-year-old boy would be
dragged from his bed in the
middle of the night, tortured,

dragged from his bed in the
middle of the night, tortured,
killed, and thrown into the

middle of the night, tortured,
killed, and thrown into the
river for allegedly whistlin' at

killed, and thrown into the
river for allegedly whistlin' at
a white woman?

river for allegedly whistlin' at
a white woman?
♪♪

a white woman?
♪♪
>> Mr. Gray?

♪♪
>> Mr. Gray?
>> Mrs. Parks, this is an

>> Mr. Gray?
>> Mrs. Parks, this is an
unplanned surprise.

>> Mrs. Parks, this is an
unplanned surprise.
I wasn't expecting you to stop

unplanned surprise.
I wasn't expecting you to stop
by today.

I wasn't expecting you to stop
by today.
Please come in. Have a seat.

>> Oh, I hope you don't mind.

>> Of course not.

Have a seat, please.

>> Oh, thank you, Freddy.

>> Take your coat for you.
>> It's been a challenging day.
>> I'm sure it has been.

>> It's been a challenging day.
>> I'm sure it has been.
[ Telephone rings in distance ]

>> I'm sure it has been.
[ Telephone rings in distance ]
>> Just thought I could use some

[ Telephone rings in distance ]
>> Just thought I could use some
company.

>> Just thought I could use some
company.
>> Of course. Anytime.

company.
>> Of course. Anytime.
I trust you've, uh...

>> Of course. Anytime.
I trust you've, uh...
you've seen this?

I trust you've, uh...
you've seen this?
>> Mm.

you've seen this?
>> Mm.
Some white folks at my store

>> Mm.
Some white folks at my store
were talking about how the

Some white folks at my store
were talking about how the
acquittal is justice.

were talking about how the
acquittal is justice.
>> Yeah.

acquittal is justice.
>> Yeah.
>> I don't understand.

>> Yeah.
>> I don't understand.
How can those monsters go

>> I don't understand.
How can those monsters go
unpunished for his murder?

How can those monsters go
unpunished for his murder?
Freddy, I just keep seeing poor

unpunished for his murder?
Freddy, I just keep seeing poor
Emmett's face.

Freddy, I just keep seeing poor
Emmett's face.
It's all beat up.

Emmett's face.
It's all beat up.
Mr. Gray, what is the point of a

It's all beat up.
Mr. Gray, what is the point of a
trial if they can do whatever

Mr. Gray, what is the point of a
trial if they can do whatever
they want with complete

trial if they can do whatever
they want with complete
disregard for the law?

they want with complete
disregard for the law?
>> Because the laws of this

disregard for the law?
>> Because the laws of this
country were built to favor the

>> Because the laws of this
country were built to favor the
white man.

country were built to favor the
white man.
I'm afraid it's just as simple

white man.
I'm afraid it's just as simple
as that.

I'm afraid it's just as simple
as that.
But I guess that's what I'm

as that.
But I guess that's what I'm
trying to do here.

But I guess that's what I'm
trying to do here.
>> Mm.

trying to do here.
>> Mm.
>> Even things out a little.

>> Mm.
>> Even things out a little.
>> Yes, of course.

>> Even things out a little.
>> Yes, of course.
[ Clock chimes ]

>> Yes, of course.
[ Clock chimes ]
>> Oh, goodness.

[ Clock chimes ]
>> Oh, goodness.
I have to run down to the

>> Oh, goodness.
I have to run down to the
records office.

I have to run down to the
records office.
>> Oh, go.

records office.
>> Oh, go.
>> Could you cover for me,

>> Oh, go.
>> Could you cover for me,
please?

>> Could you cover for me,
please?
>> Go on, Freddy.

please?
>> Go on, Freddy.
>> I won't be but longer than 20

>> Go on, Freddy.
>> I won't be but longer than 20
minutes.

>> I won't be but longer than 20
minutes.
>> Yeah, go, go, go, go.

minutes.
>> Yeah, go, go, go, go.
[ Telephone rings ]

>> Yeah, go, go, go, go.
[ Telephone rings ]
[ Clears throat ]

[ Telephone rings ]
[ Clears throat ]
Law office.

[ Clears throat ]
Law office.
♪♪

Law office.
♪♪
Now, I was trying my best to

♪♪
Now, I was trying my best to
concentrate on work, but my mind

Now, I was trying my best to
concentrate on work, but my mind
was distracted with plans for

concentrate on work, but my mind
was distracted with plans for
the two-day NAACP workshop I was

was distracted with plans for
the two-day NAACP workshop I was
set to lead that coming weekend.

the two-day NAACP workshop I was
set to lead that coming weekend.
Now, as secretary of the

set to lead that coming weekend.
Now, as secretary of the
Montgomery chapter, I-I was

Now, as secretary of the
Montgomery chapter, I-I was
responsible for a lot.

Montgomery chapter, I-I was
responsible for a lot.
And these workshops were my

responsible for a lot.
And these workshops were my
favorite tasks.

And these workshops were my
favorite tasks.
>> Till is just the start.

favorite tasks.
>> Till is just the start.
We gonna keep seeing this and

>> Till is just the start.
We gonna keep seeing this and
it's gonna get worse because

We gonna keep seeing this and
it's gonna get worse because
they've become embolden now.

it's gonna get worse because
they've become embolden now.
[ Telephone rings ]

they've become embolden now.
[ Telephone rings ]
>> Barber shop.

[ Telephone rings ]
>> Barber shop.
Yes, ma'am. Mr. Parks.

>> Barber shop.
Yes, ma'am. Mr. Parks.
>> Yeah?

Yes, ma'am. Mr. Parks.
>> Yeah?
>> Telephone for you.

>> Yeah?
>> Telephone for you.
>> All right.

>> Telephone for you.
>> All right.
Excuse me just a second.

>> All right.
Excuse me just a second.
Hello, hello, hello, hello.

Excuse me just a second.
Hello, hello, hello, hello.
Hello?

Hello, hello, hello, hello.
Hello?
>> Hello, dear.

Hello?
>> Hello, dear.
I'm heading to the bus.

>> Hello, dear.
I'm heading to the bus.
Could you pick up a quart of

I'm heading to the bus.
Could you pick up a quart of
milk?

Could you pick up a quart of
milk?
>> No problem.

milk?
>> No problem.
I can pick that up on the way

>> No problem.
I can pick that up on the way
home.

I can pick that up on the way
home.
>> Thank you.

home.
>> Thank you.
I'll see you soon.

>> Thank you.
I'll see you soon.
>> Hey, careful out there,

I'll see you soon.
>> Hey, careful out there,
all right?

>> Hey, careful out there,
all right?
Love you, too.

all right?
Love you, too.
[ Chuckles ]

Love you, too.
[ Chuckles ]
You know who that was.

[ Chuckles ]
You know who that was.
>> Yes, sir.

You know who that was.
>> Yes, sir.
>> [ Laughs ]

>> Yes, sir.
>> [ Laughs ]
[ Horn honking ]

>> [ Laughs ]
[ Horn honking ]
♪♪

[ Horn honking ]
♪♪
[ Bus door closes ]

♪♪
[ Bus door closes ]
♪♪

[ Bus door closes ]
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
[ Brakes screech ]

♪♪
[ Brakes screech ]
♪♪

[ Brakes screech ]
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
>> Let me have them front seats!

♪♪
>> Let me have them front seats!
You hear me?

>> Let me have them front seats!
You hear me?
Look, now, y'all need to make it

You hear me?
Look, now, y'all need to make it
light on yourself, now, and get

Look, now, y'all need to make it
light on yourself, now, and get
on up, and have them seats.

light on yourself, now, and get
on up, and have them seats.
Come on.

on up, and have them seats.
Come on.
♪♪

Come on.
♪♪
Move that sign on back.

♪♪
Move that sign on back.
Thank you.

Move that sign on back.
Thank you.
Thank you.

Thank you.
Thank you.
Thank you.

Thank you.
Thank you.
There you go.

Thank you.
There you go.
All right, sir, you can come

There you go.
All right, sir, you can come
ahead on now and move it in.

All right, sir, you can come
ahead on now and move it in.
Why aren't you standing up?

ahead on now and move it in.
Why aren't you standing up?
>> I don't think I should have

Why aren't you standing up?
>> I don't think I should have
to.

>> I don't think I should have
to.
>> Excuse me.

to.
>> Excuse me.
Are you gonna move?

>> Excuse me.
Are you gonna move?
>> No.

Are you gonna move?
>> No.
No, I'm not.

>> No.
No, I'm not.
[ Indistinct chatter ]

No, I'm not.
[ Indistinct chatter ]
>> Now, listen to me.

[ Indistinct chatter ]
>> Now, listen to me.
If you don't move, I'm gonna

>> Now, listen to me.
If you don't move, I'm gonna
call the police and they'll

If you don't move, I'm gonna
call the police and they'll
arrest you.

call the police and they'll
arrest you.
You know I'll do it.

arrest you.
You know I'll do it.
>> Well, you may do that then.

You know I'll do it.
>> Well, you may do that then.
>> All right.

>> Well, you may do that then.
>> All right.
♪♪

>> All right.
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
Yes, operator, I need the

♪♪
Yes, operator, I need the
police department, please.

Yes, operator, I need the
police department, please.
Yes, I have a-a disruptive

police department, please.
Yes, I have a-a disruptive
passenger on one of my buses.

Yes, I have a-a disruptive
passenger on one of my buses.
This is a Cleveland Avenue bus,

passenger on one of my buses.
This is a Cleveland Avenue bus,
and I'm in front of the

This is a Cleveland Avenue bus,
and I'm in front of the
Empire Theater.

and I'm in front of the
Empire Theater.
You can't miss us.

Empire Theater.
You can't miss us.
[ Siren wails ]

You can't miss us.
[ Siren wails ]
[ Doors close ]

[ Siren wails ]
[ Doors close ]
>> All right, who's makin'

[ Doors close ]
>> All right, who's makin'
trouble here?

>> All right, who's makin'
trouble here?
♪♪

trouble here?
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
>> Why didn't you stand up when

♪♪
>> Why didn't you stand up when
the driver spoke to you?

>> Why didn't you stand up when
the driver spoke to you?
>> I don't believe I should have

the driver spoke to you?
>> I don't believe I should have
to.

>> I don't believe I should have
to.
>> And why is that?

to.
>> And why is that?
>> I'm not sittin' in the white

>> And why is that?
>> I'm not sittin' in the white
section.

>> I'm not sittin' in the white
section.
>> Get on up out this bus now,

section.
>> Get on up out this bus now,
you hear?

>> Get on up out this bus now,
you hear?
>> Ma'am, don't make this tough

you hear?
>> Ma'am, don't make this tough
on yourself.

>> Ma'am, don't make this tough
on yourself.
Come on.

on yourself.
Come on.
>> Why do you push us around?

Come on.
>> Why do you push us around?
>> Law's the law, and you're

>> Why do you push us around?
>> Law's the law, and you're
under arrest.

>> Law's the law, and you're
under arrest.
♪♪

under arrest.
♪♪
[ Indistinct chatter ]

♪♪
[ Indistinct chatter ]
♪♪

[ Indistinct chatter ]
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
>> Ma'am, may I make my phone

♪♪
>> Ma'am, may I make my phone
call now?

>> Ma'am, may I make my phone
call now?
♪♪

call now?
♪♪
[ Indistinct chatter ]

♪♪
[ Indistinct chatter ]
♪♪

[ Indistinct chatter ]
♪♪
[ Jazz music plays ]

♪♪
[ Jazz music plays ]
>> Sorry I'm late.

[ Jazz music plays ]
>> Sorry I'm late.
I got the milk.

>> Sorry I'm late.
I got the milk.
A couple of, uh [chuckles]

I got the milk.
A couple of, uh [chuckles]
stragglers at the shop, so...

A couple of, uh [chuckles]
stragglers at the shop, so...
>> Hello, Raymond.

stragglers at the shop, so...
>> Hello, Raymond.
>> Hey. Good evening.

>> Hello, Raymond.
>> Hey. Good evening.
I got the milk.

>> Hey. Good evening.
I got the milk.
Where's Rosa?

I got the milk.
Where's Rosa?
>> Well, she's not here.

Where's Rosa?
>> Well, she's not here.
I thought maybe the two of you

>> Well, she's not here.
I thought maybe the two of you
had met up somewhere.

I thought maybe the two of you
had met up somewhere.
>> No, she...

had met up somewhere.
>> No, she...
she called me from work and she

>> No, she...
she called me from work and she
should be home by now.

she called me from work and she
should be home by now.
>> Well, maybe there's some

should be home by now.
>> Well, maybe there's some
delay on the road.

>> Well, maybe there's some
delay on the road.
♪♪

delay on the road.
♪♪
>> Are you thirsty?

♪♪
>> Are you thirsty?
>> Pardon?

>> Are you thirsty?
>> Pardon?
>> You've got a drinking spell.

>> Pardon?
>> You've got a drinking spell.
They usually don't give us color

>> You've got a drinking spell.
They usually don't give us color
folk a cup till you figure out

They usually don't give us color
folk a cup till you figure out
you got to ask for it.

folk a cup till you figure out
you got to ask for it.
Most of them don't work anyway.

you got to ask for it.
Most of them don't work anyway.
But I got one that does.

>> T-Thank you, ma'am.
>> What happened to you?
How'd you find your way in here?

>> What happened to you?
How'd you find your way in here?
>> [ Swallows ]

How'd you find your way in here?
>> [ Swallows ]
I was arrested on the bus.

>> [ Swallows ]
I was arrested on the bus.
>> Some of them bus drivers are

I was arrested on the bus.
>> Some of them bus drivers are
pretty nasty.

>> Some of them bus drivers are
pretty nasty.
You get hurt?

pretty nasty.
You get hurt?
>> No, no.

You get hurt?
>> No, no.
>> That's good.

>> No, no.
>> That's good.
Are you married?

>> That's good.
Are you married?
>> Yes, I am.

Are you married?
>> Yes, I am.
>> Good.

>> Yes, I am.
>> Good.
You know, your husband ain't

>> Good.
You know, your husband ain't
gonna let you stay in here.

You know, your husband ain't
gonna let you stay in here.
So don't you worry.

gonna let you stay in here.
So don't you worry.
>> Are you married, ma'am?

So don't you worry.
>> Are you married, ma'am?
>> Once.

>> Are you married, ma'am?
>> Once.
My husband, he...

>> Once.
My husband, he...
he passed away a few years back.

But he sure was something else.

Now I'm in here...'cause this
fella I was keeping company with
thought he could knock me

fella I was keeping company with
thought he could knock me
around.

thought he could knock me
around.
Problem was, he didn't know me

around.
Problem was, he didn't know me
too well.

Problem was, he didn't know me
too well.
He had my mouth bleeding and my

too well.
He had my mouth bleeding and my
eye nearly swollen shut.

He had my mouth bleeding and my
eye nearly swollen shut.
I went out back, grabbed that

eye nearly swollen shut.
I went out back, grabbed that
hatchet out the shed.

I went out back, grabbed that
hatchet out the shed.
He just laughed.

hatchet out the shed.
He just laughed.
And then he didn't.

But I've been in here ever
since -- 50, maybe 54 days now.
>> Why -- Why do long?

since -- 50, maybe 54 days now.
>> Why -- Why do long?
>> Told me he'd drop the charges

>> Why -- Why do long?
>> Told me he'd drop the charges
if I stayed on with him.

>> Told me he'd drop the charges
if I stayed on with him.
I told him I'd rather rot in

if I stayed on with him.
I told him I'd rather rot in
jail than to be with a man who

I told him I'd rather rot in
jail than to be with a man who
thinks he can beat on me.

jail than to be with a man who
thinks he can beat on me.
>> I don't know that I could be

thinks he can beat on me.
>> I don't know that I could be
that brave.

>> I don't know that I could be
that brave.
>> I just figure some things are

that brave.
>> I just figure some things are
worth standing up for.

>> I just figure some things are
worth standing up for.
Now, that bus driver, he raise

worth standing up for.
Now, that bus driver, he raise
the hand to you?

Now, that bus driver, he raise
the hand to you?
>> No.

He moved the sign to the white
section and I refused to give up
my seat.

>> You in here, talk about me
being brave.
Sounds like what you did was

being brave.
Sounds like what you did was
brave enough for the lots of us.

Sounds like what you did was
brave enough for the lots of us.
♪♪

brave enough for the lots of us.
♪♪
Give me your hand, sister.

♪♪
Give me your hand, sister.
♪♪

Give me your hand, sister.
♪♪
You gonna be all right.

♪♪
You gonna be all right.
>> [ Sniffles ]

[ Telephone rings ]

>> Hello?
>> Mama, it's Rosa.
Is Parks there?

>> Mama, it's Rosa.
Is Parks there?
>> Honey, where are you?

Is Parks there?
>> Honey, where are you?
Oh, my God.

>> Honey, where are you?
Oh, my God.
Did they beat you, honey?

Oh, my God.
Did they beat you, honey?
>> Rosa.

Did they beat you, honey?
>> Rosa.
>> Hi.

>> Rosa.
>> Hi.
I'm okay, but I-I need you to

>> Hi.
I'm okay, but I-I need you to
come get me out of jail.

I'm okay, but I-I need you to
come get me out of jail.
>> I'll be there as soon as I

come get me out of jail.
>> I'll be there as soon as I
can.

>> I'll be there as soon as I
can.
♪♪

can.
♪♪
>> Yes, I'm holding for...

♪♪
>> Yes, I'm holding for...
That's right.

>> Yes, I'm holding for...
That's right.
Mrs. Rosa Parks.

That's right.
Mrs. Rosa Parks.
Well, what's the charge?

Mrs. Rosa Parks.
Well, what's the charge?
Hello?

Well, what's the charge?
Hello?
♪♪

Hello?
♪♪
Hello?

♪♪
Hello?
♪♪

Hello?
♪♪
[ Telephone rings ]

♪♪
[ Telephone rings ]
>> Clifford, Mr. Nixon's on the

[ Telephone rings ]
>> Clifford, Mr. Nixon's on the
phone.

>> Clifford, Mr. Nixon's on the
phone.
He said it's an emergency.

phone.
He said it's an emergency.
♪♪

He said it's an emergency.
♪♪
>> Mr. Nixon.

♪♪
>> Mr. Nixon.
>> Good evening, officer.

>> Mr. Nixon.
>> Good evening, officer.
My name is Clifford Durr.

>> Good evening, officer.
My name is Clifford Durr.
I'm Mrs. Parks' attorney.

My name is Clifford Durr.
I'm Mrs. Parks' attorney.
>> I saw.

I'm Mrs. Parks' attorney.
>> I saw.
[ Telephone rings ]

>> I saw.
[ Telephone rings ]
>> Yes, sir. It is.

[ Telephone rings ]
>> Yes, sir. It is.
>> All right, you all sit down.

>> Yes, sir. It is.
>> All right, you all sit down.
We'll get to you.

>> All right, you all sit down.
We'll get to you.
[ Ringing continues ]

We'll get to you.
[ Ringing continues ]
[ Indistinct chatter ]

[ Ringing continues ]
[ Indistinct chatter ]
♪♪

[ Indistinct chatter ]
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
[ Door buzzes open ]

♪♪
[ Door buzzes open ]
>> [ Gasps ]

[ Door buzzes open ]
>> [ Gasps ]
Are you all right?

>> [ Gasps ]
Are you all right?
They didn't hurt you, did they?

Are you all right?
They didn't hurt you, did they?
>> No, no. I'm -- I'm fine.

They didn't hurt you, did they?
>> No, no. I'm -- I'm fine.
>> I'm Mrs. Parks' attorney.

>> No, no. I'm -- I'm fine.
>> I'm Mrs. Parks' attorney.
>> You all right?

>> I'm Mrs. Parks' attorney.
>> You all right?
>> Yes, I'm fine.

>> You all right?
>> Yes, I'm fine.
Thank you all so much for

>> Yes, I'm fine.
Thank you all so much for
comin'.

Thank you all so much for
comin'.
>> Raymond is on his way.

comin'.
>> Raymond is on his way.
>> You'll need to sign here.

>> Raymond is on his way.
>> You'll need to sign here.
Yeah.

>> You'll need to sign here.
Yeah.
[ Door closes ]

Yeah.
[ Door closes ]
>> Oh.

[ Door closes ]
>> Oh.
>> You all right?

>> Oh.
>> You all right?
>> Yes.

>> You all right?
>> Yes.
>> We paid her bail.

>> Yes.
>> We paid her bail.
Court date set for Monday.

>> We paid her bail.
Court date set for Monday.
She's free until then.

Court date set for Monday.
She's free until then.
>> We've been waiting for this

She's free until then.
>> We've been waiting for this
opportunity.

>> We've been waiting for this
opportunity.
And, Parks, she's perfect.

opportunity.
And, Parks, she's perfect.
And you know it.

And, Parks, she's perfect.
And you know it.
Rosa, you know ain't nothing

And you know it.
Rosa, you know ain't nothing
gonna change around here unless

Rosa, you know ain't nothing
gonna change around here unless
we have a movement.

gonna change around here unless
we have a movement.
>> Too dangerous.

we have a movement.
>> Too dangerous.
Dangerous, Nixon.

>> Too dangerous.
Dangerous, Nixon.
>> Three weeks ago, they

Dangerous, Nixon.
>> Three weeks ago, they
determined it was illegal for a

>> Three weeks ago, they
determined it was illegal for a
transportation company to impose

determined it was illegal for a
transportation company to impose
their segregation rules on

transportation company to impose
their segregation rules on
interstate transportation.

their segregation rules on
interstate transportation.
Oh, come on, yeah.

interstate transportation.
Oh, come on, yeah.
>> And all of that was a great

Oh, come on, yeah.
>> And all of that was a great
victory.

>> And all of that was a great
victory.
Does not speak to the rules of

victory.
Does not speak to the rules of
the city.

Does not speak to the rules of
the city.
What we need is a fully

the city.
What we need is a fully
integrated city buses.

What we need is a fully
integrated city buses.
>> What are you all talkin'

integrated city buses.
>> What are you all talkin'
about?

>> What are you all talkin'
about?
>> Claudette Colvin,

about?
>> Claudette Colvin,
Aurelia Browder, Susie McDonald,

>> Claudette Colvin,
Aurelia Browder, Susie McDonald,
and a host of other Negro women

Aurelia Browder, Susie McDonald,
and a host of other Negro women
who've been arrested or removed

and a host of other Negro women
who've been arrested or removed
from city buses for not giving

who've been arrested or removed
from city buses for not giving
up their seats to white

from city buses for not giving
up their seats to white
passengers.

up their seats to white
passengers.
We've been trying to plan a bus

passengers.
We've been trying to plan a bus
boycott for nearly a year now.

We've been trying to plan a bus
boycott for nearly a year now.
>> And you want Rosa to get

boycott for nearly a year now.
>> And you want Rosa to get
mixed up in that?

>> We want Rosa to lead the
boycott.
>> No.

boycott.
>> No.
No. No.

>> No.
No. No.
>> Y'all want to put my wife up

No. No.
>> Y'all want to put my wife up
in the front of this thing?

>> Y'all want to put my wife up
in the front of this thing?
Put a target on her back?

in the front of this thing?
Put a target on her back?
Huh?

Put a target on her back?
Huh?
>> You were lucky that they

Huh?
>> You were lucky that they
didn't beat you last night.

>> You were lucky that they
didn't beat you last night.
>> No, you're gonna have to find

didn't beat you last night.
>> No, you're gonna have to find
someone else.

>> No, you're gonna have to find
someone else.
>> There is no one else.

someone else.
>> There is no one else.
>> Well, how can that be?

>> There is no one else.
>> Well, how can that be?
>> Because we've been looking

>> Well, how can that be?
>> Because we've been looking
for an upstanding citizen with a

>> Because we've been looking
for an upstanding citizen with a
good job, from -- from a decent

for an upstanding citizen with a
good job, from -- from a decent
family to represent our cause.

good job, from -- from a decent
family to represent our cause.
>> Well, why can't some of those

family to represent our cause.
>> Well, why can't some of those
other women -- why can't they

>> Well, why can't some of those
other women -- why can't they
lead it?

other women -- why can't they
lead it?
>> Look, those other women had

lead it?
>> Look, those other women had
issues.

>> Look, those other women had
issues.
One of them was an unwed teen.

issues.
One of them was an unwed teen.
The other one had an alcoholic

One of them was an unwed teen.
The other one had an alcoholic
husband.

The other one had an alcoholic
husband.
Another woman just, quite

husband.
Another woman just, quite
frankly, she just wasn't strong

Another woman just, quite
frankly, she just wasn't strong
enough to lead.

frankly, she just wasn't strong
enough to lead.
>> My question is, are you gonna

enough to lead.
>> My question is, are you gonna
be safe, Rosa?

>> My question is, are you gonna
be safe, Rosa?
Is your mother going to be safe

be safe, Rosa?
Is your mother going to be safe
if you go out here threatening

Is your mother going to be safe
if you go out here threatening
their laws, their way of life?

if you go out here threatening
their laws, their way of life?
They're hangin' people for less

their laws, their way of life?
They're hangin' people for less
than this.

They're hangin' people for less
than this.
>> And they will continue to do

than this.
>> And they will continue to do
that...unless we stand up

>> And they will continue to do
that...unless we stand up
against them...

that...unless we stand up
against them...
together.

against them...
together.
♪♪

together.
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
>> Go outside and have a smoke.

♪♪
>> Go outside and have a smoke.
♪♪

>> Go outside and have a smoke.
♪♪
That's my wife.

♪♪
That's my wife.
[ Door opens, closes ]

That's my wife.
[ Door opens, closes ]
>> [ Sighs deeply ]

[ Door opens, closes ]
>> [ Sighs deeply ]
What would she have to do?

>> Well, first thing is we
would -- would need to protest
her unjust arrest by a one-day

would -- would need to protest
her unjust arrest by a one-day
bus boycott, hmm?

her unjust arrest by a one-day
bus boycott, hmm?
>> And what good would that do?

bus boycott, hmm?
>> And what good would that do?
>> [ Chuckles ]

>> And what good would that do?
>> [ Chuckles ]
We colored folks, we make up,

>> [ Chuckles ]
We colored folks, we make up,
what, 70% of the riders in all

We colored folks, we make up,
what, 70% of the riders in all
of Montgomery?

what, 70% of the riders in all
of Montgomery?
>> That's nearly 40,000 riders.

of Montgomery?
>> That's nearly 40,000 riders.
>> Mm-hmm.

>> That's nearly 40,000 riders.
>> Mm-hmm.
So that's 10 cents each way.

>> Mm-hmm.
So that's 10 cents each way.
That's, what, $4,000 one way,

So that's 10 cents each way.
That's, what, $4,000 one way,
$8,000 a day.

That's, what, $4,000 one way,
$8,000 a day.
>> They'll listen then.

$8,000 a day.
>> They'll listen then.
>> You know white folks don't --

>> They'll listen then.
>> You know white folks don't --
>> No, no, no, no. No, no!

>> You know white folks don't --
>> No, no, no, no. No, no!
We cannot be concerned about

>> No, no, no, no. No, no!
We cannot be concerned about
what white folks think and do.

We cannot be concerned about
what white folks think and do.
We can't keep living like that.

what white folks think and do.
We can't keep living like that.
I mean, it's 1955, and we're

We can't keep living like that.
I mean, it's 1955, and we're
still following the same rules

I mean, it's 1955, and we're
still following the same rules
as Jim Crow in the 1890s!

still following the same rules
as Jim Crow in the 1890s!
You tell me -- You tell me why

as Jim Crow in the 1890s!
You tell me -- You tell me why
is it we...can choose to sit

You tell me -- You tell me why
is it we...can choose to sit
anywhere we want in

is it we...can choose to sit
anywhere we want in
New York City, in Los Angeles,

anywhere we want in
New York City, in Los Angeles,
in Chicago, but we can't choose

New York City, in Los Angeles,
in Chicago, but we can't choose
where we want to sit in the old

in Chicago, but we can't choose
where we want to sit in the old
city where we were born.

where we want to sit in the old
city where we were born.
[ Train whistle blares ]

city where we were born.
[ Train whistle blares ]
Rosa...we either stand to fight

[ Train whistle blares ]
Rosa...we either stand to fight
or we remain slaves.

Rosa...we either stand to fight
or we remain slaves.
Excuse me.

[ Door closes ]
[ Insects chirping ]

>> How they gonna do a boycott?
Hmm?
People sufferin'.

Hmm?
People sufferin'.
People's life is hard enough.

People sufferin'.
People's life is hard enough.
They're not gonna stick their

People's life is hard enough.
They're not gonna stick their
neck out for anybody.

They're not gonna stick their
neck out for anybody.
>> This isn't that different

neck out for anybody.
>> This isn't that different
from all those years you worked

>> This isn't that different
from all those years you worked
trying to get justice for the

from all those years you worked
trying to get justice for the
Scottsboro Boys.

trying to get justice for the
Scottsboro Boys.
>> Mm.

Scottsboro Boys.
>> Mm.
>> Mm-hmm.

>> Mm.
>> Mm-hmm.
>> No, that was different.

>> Mm-hmm.
>> No, that was different.
>> We'd be organized with about

>> No, that was different.
>> We'd be organized with about
a force of people behind us --

>> We'd be organized with about
a force of people behind us --
>> We? Who's the "we"?

a force of people behind us --
>> We? Who's the "we"?
What "we" you talking about?

>> We? Who's the "we"?
What "we" you talking about?
The "we" that's gonna escort you

What "we" you talking about?
The "we" that's gonna escort you
to work in the morning?

The "we" that's gonna escort you
to work in the morning?
The "we" that's gonna walk you

to work in the morning?
The "we" that's gonna walk you
home at night while I'm still at

The "we" that's gonna walk you
home at night while I'm still at
the shop?

home at night while I'm still at
the shop?
The "we" that's gonna put

the shop?
The "we" that's gonna put
24-hour security detail on our

The "we" that's gonna put
24-hour security detail on our
home?

>> Parks, when I saw those
police officers walking towards
me, I knew I should have been

police officers walking towards
me, I knew I should have been
afraid, but...

me, I knew I should have been
afraid, but...
I wasn't.

afraid, but...
I wasn't.
♪♪

I wasn't.
♪♪
I saw young Emmett's face.

♪♪
I saw young Emmett's face.
>> Mm.

I saw young Emmett's face.
>> Mm.
>> And...all the women that were

>> Mm.
>> And...all the women that were
there before me.

>> And...all the women that were
there before me.
>> All those women who were

there before me.
>> All those women who were
there before you are not you,

>> All those women who were
there before you are not you,
Rosa.

there before you are not you,
Rosa.
They are not my wife.

Rosa.
They are not my wife.
Rosa, you know I understand.

They are not my wife.
Rosa, you know I understand.
I do.

Rosa, you know I understand.
I do.
♪♪

I do.
♪♪
Darling, what you did tonight

♪♪
Darling, what you did tonight
made me so proud.

Darling, what you did tonight
made me so proud.
And I know that...

made me so proud.
And I know that...
I could sit here and try to

And I know that...
I could sit here and try to
frighten you, but you don't

I could sit here and try to
frighten you, but you don't
scare so good.

frighten you, but you don't
scare so good.
♪♪

scare so good.
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
>> Parks...

♪♪
>> Parks...
today I made a choice.

>> Parks...
today I made a choice.
♪♪

today I made a choice.
♪♪
You would've made the same

♪♪
You would've made the same
choice.

You would've made the same
choice.
♪♪

choice.
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
Okay.

♪♪
Okay.
Let's begin.

Okay.
Let's begin.
>> We need to get the word out.

Let's begin.
>> We need to get the word out.
[ Telephone ringing ]

>> We need to get the word out.
[ Telephone ringing ]
>> Fred Gray.

[ Telephone ringing ]
>> Fred Gray.
>> Hello, Mr. Gray?

>> Fred Gray.
>> Hello, Mr. Gray?
I heard about what happened to

>> Hello, Mr. Gray?
I heard about what happened to
Mrs. Parks.

I heard about what happened to
Mrs. Parks.
Is she all right?

Mrs. Parks.
Is she all right?
>> I don't know.

Is she all right?
>> I don't know.
>> [ Sighs ]

>> I don't know.
>> [ Sighs ]
You know, we have talked about

>> [ Sighs ]
You know, we have talked about
this long enough.

You know, we have talked about
this long enough.
The time for a boycott is now,

this long enough.
The time for a boycott is now,
Mr. Gray.

The time for a boycott is now,
Mr. Gray.
>> Yes.

Mr. Gray.
>> Yes.
I just spoke with Mr. Nixon

>> Yes.
I just spoke with Mr. Nixon
and -- and -- and we're ready to

I just spoke with Mr. Nixon
and -- and -- and we're ready to
put things in motion.

and -- and -- and we're ready to
put things in motion.
>> Good!

put things in motion.
>> Good!
As president of the political

>> Good!
As president of the political
women's council, I have already

As president of the political
women's council, I have already
alerted the members and we are

women's council, I have already
alerted the members and we are
ready to put our money and our

alerted the members and we are
ready to put our money and our
support behind this.

ready to put our money and our
support behind this.
>> Thank you.

support behind this.
>> Thank you.
A bus boycott is to be held on

>> Thank you.
A bus boycott is to be held on
Monday, December 5th, same day

A bus boycott is to be held on
Monday, December 5th, same day
as Rosa's trial.

Monday, December 5th, same day
as Rosa's trial.
[ Pencil scratching ]

as Rosa's trial.
[ Pencil scratching ]
>> I will be able to have the

[ Pencil scratching ]
>> I will be able to have the
handbills printed up announcing

>> I will be able to have the
handbills printed up announcing
it tonight.

handbills printed up announcing
it tonight.
>> I'm sorry. Tonight?

it tonight.
>> I'm sorry. Tonight?
If we're going to do this, we

>> I'm sorry. Tonight?
If we're going to do this, we
will need to notify the entire

If we're going to do this, we
will need to notify the entire
Negro community of Montgomery.

will need to notify the entire
Negro community of Montgomery.
>> Don't worry.

Negro community of Montgomery.
>> Don't worry.
Just leave it to us.

>> Don't worry.
Just leave it to us.
>> Mrs. Robinson, you'll need to

Just leave it to us.
>> Mrs. Robinson, you'll need to
be cautious.

>> Mrs. Robinson, you'll need to
be cautious.
>> I'll be in touch.

be cautious.
>> I'll be in touch.
[ Chuckles ]

>> I'll be in touch.
[ Chuckles ]
♪♪

[ Chuckles ]
♪♪
Hello, Daisy?

♪♪
Hello, Daisy?
Professor Robinson here.

Hello, Daisy?
Professor Robinson here.
I have a project I need you to

Professor Robinson here.
I have a project I need you to
help me with.

I have a project I need you to
help me with.
Meet me on campus in 15 minutes?

help me with.
Meet me on campus in 15 minutes?
Uh-huh. And bring Mabel.

Meet me on campus in 15 minutes?
Uh-huh. And bring Mabel.
[ Knock on door ]

Uh-huh. And bring Mabel.
[ Knock on door ]
♪♪

[ Knock on door ]
♪♪
>> E.D., is she all right?

♪♪
>> E.D., is she all right?
>> She's fine. So, what we got?

>> E.D., is she all right?
>> She's fine. So, what we got?
>> Listen, I've been thinking.

>> She's fine. So, what we got?
>> Listen, I've been thinking.
And the fact is, some people are

>> Listen, I've been thinking.
And the fact is, some people are
gonna be resistant if we say

And the fact is, some people are
gonna be resistant if we say
this protest is connected to our

gonna be resistant if we say
this protest is connected to our
chapter of the NAACP.

this protest is connected to our
chapter of the NAACP.
>> Because they cowards.

chapter of the NAACP.
>> Because they cowards.
>> That may be so, but

>> Because they cowards.
>> That may be so, but
chastising them will not get

>> That may be so, but
chastising them will not get
them on our side.

chastising them will not get
them on our side.
E.D., people are just trying to

them on our side.
E.D., people are just trying to
live their lives.

E.D., people are just trying to
live their lives.
>> What do you propose, that we

live their lives.
>> What do you propose, that we
hold their hands, as not to

>> What do you propose, that we
hold their hands, as not to
disturb their slumber?

hold their hands, as not to
disturb their slumber?
Damn it, man, we are here

disturb their slumber?
Damn it, man, we are here
because no one is standing up.

Damn it, man, we are here
because no one is standing up.
>> Listen, we need to form a new

because no one is standing up.
>> Listen, we need to form a new
and -- and separate committee.

>> Listen, we need to form a new
and -- and separate committee.
That way, any negative backlash

and -- and separate committee.
That way, any negative backlash
won't reflect on the NAACP.

That way, any negative backlash
won't reflect on the NAACP.
>> Huh.

won't reflect on the NAACP.
>> Huh.
Hmm.

>> Huh.
Hmm.
Mm-hmm.

Hmm.
Mm-hmm.
Yeah, we...

Mm-hmm.
Yeah, we...
we need the ministers.

Yeah, we...
we need the ministers.
They can get the word out to

we need the ministers.
They can get the word out to
their congregation.

They can get the word out to
their congregation.
>> Yes.

their congregation.
>> Yes.
Yes, that's what we need.

>> Yes.
Yes, that's what we need.
>> Mm-hmm, and we need the

Yes, that's what we need.
>> Mm-hmm, and we need the
papers to cover it.

>> Mm-hmm, and we need the
papers to cover it.
>> No, now, wait a minute.

papers to cover it.
>> No, now, wait a minute.
Wait a minute.

>> No, now, wait a minute.
Wait a minute.
That -- That might be dangerous.

Wait a minute.
That -- That might be dangerous.
If we tell them this early, they

That -- That might be dangerous.
If we tell them this early, they
may attack.

If we tell them this early, they
may attack.
It could shut us down before we

may attack.
It could shut us down before we
even get started.

It could shut us down before we
even get started.
>> Yeah, no, I have a friend

even get started.
>> Yeah, no, I have a friend
that can help.

>> Yeah, no, I have a friend
that can help.
>> This time of night?

that can help.
>> This time of night?
>> Yeah, he's a writer.

>> This time of night?
>> Yeah, he's a writer.
He never sleeps.

>> Yeah, he's a writer.
He never sleeps.
♪♪

He never sleeps.
♪♪
Joe, look here, I need you to

♪♪
Joe, look here, I need you to
meet me tomorrow at

Joe, look here, I need you to
meet me tomorrow at
Union Station, 6:45 sharp.

♪♪
>> Come along, ladies.
Come along!

>> Come along, ladies.
Come along!
>> Are we supposed to be here?

Come along!
>> Are we supposed to be here?
>> Shh! Come on!

>> Are we supposed to be here?
>> Shh! Come on!
>> Okay.

>> Shh! Come on!
>> Okay.
Okay.

>> Okay.
Okay.
♪♪

Okay.
♪♪
[ Door creaks open ]

♪♪
[ Door creaks open ]
♪♪

[ Door creaks open ]
♪♪
>> Come along, ladies.

♪♪
>> Come along, ladies.
♪♪

>> Come along, ladies.
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
>> When I was a little girl, we

♪♪
>> When I was a little girl, we
didn't have a school bus, so

>> When I was a little girl, we
didn't have a school bus, so
we'd walk two miles along the

didn't have a school bus, so
we'd walk two miles along the
side of the road every morning

we'd walk two miles along the
side of the road every morning
and afternoon.

side of the road every morning
and afternoon.
And the white children...would

and afternoon.
And the white children...would
ride past us in their big, shiny

And the white children...would
ride past us in their big, shiny
bus.

ride past us in their big, shiny
bus.
And they'd throw trash outside

bus.
And they'd throw trash outside
the window trying to hit us.

So...when we heard them coming
toward us, we'd step off of the
side of the road and into the

toward us, we'd step off of the
side of the road and into the
field where the apple cores and

side of the road and into the
field where the apple cores and
bottles couldn't reach us.

field where the apple cores and
bottles couldn't reach us.
♪♪

bottles couldn't reach us.
♪♪
I'm not stepping off the road

♪♪
I'm not stepping off the road
anymore.

I'm not stepping off the road
anymore.
Mnh-mnh.

anymore.
Mnh-mnh.
Not for anyone.

Mnh-mnh.
Not for anyone.
[ Inhales, exhales deeply ]

Not for anyone.
[ Inhales, exhales deeply ]
♪♪

[ Inhales, exhales deeply ]
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
[ Typewriter keys clacking ]

♪♪
[ Typewriter keys clacking ]
>> "Yet again, a Negro woman has

[ Typewriter keys clacking ]
>> "Yet again, a Negro woman has
been removed from a city bus and

>> "Yet again, a Negro woman has
been removed from a city bus and
jailed for refusing to give her

been removed from a city bus and
jailed for refusing to give her
seat to a white man."

jailed for refusing to give her
seat to a white man."
>> "Refusing to give her seat to

seat to a white man."
>> "Refusing to give her seat to
a white man."

>> "Refusing to give her seat to
a white man."
>> "How long before it is your

a white man."
>> "How long before it is your
mother or sister that is dragged

>> "How long before it is your
mother or sister that is dragged
from a bus against her will?

mother or sister that is dragged
from a bus against her will?
It is time for the Negro to

from a bus against her will?
It is time for the Negro to
demand the rights that we

It is time for the Negro to
demand the rights that we
deserve."

demand the rights that we
deserve."
[ Typewriter dings ]

deserve."
[ Typewriter dings ]
>> "Deserve."

[ Typewriter dings ]
>> "Deserve."
>> "Therefore, on Monday..."

>> "Deserve."
>> "Therefore, on Monday..."
>> Monday?

>> "Therefore, on Monday..."
>> Monday?
>> Monday, the day of the trial.

>> Monday?
>> Monday, the day of the trial.
>> "The day of the trial."

>> Monday, the day of the trial.
>> "The day of the trial."
>> "All Negroes stay off all

>> "The day of the trial."
>> "All Negroes stay off all
Montgomery buses."

>> "All Negroes stay off all
Montgomery buses."
>> "Off Montgomery buses."

Montgomery buses."
>> "Off Montgomery buses."
>> "Do not ride the buses to

>> "Off Montgomery buses."
>> "Do not ride the buses to
school or work.

>> "Do not ride the buses to
school or work.
The time for boycott is now!"

school or work.
The time for boycott is now!"
>> "Boycott is now."

The time for boycott is now!"
>> "Boycott is now."
>> "The time for a boycott is

>> "Boycott is now."
>> "The time for a boycott is
now.

>> "The time for a boycott is
now.
And Monday, December 5th is the

now.
And Monday, December 5th is the
date."

And Monday, December 5th is the
date."
[ Typewriter dings ]

date."
[ Typewriter dings ]
Okay, done.

[ Typewriter dings ]
Okay, done.
>> Mrs. Robinson, are you sure

Okay, done.
>> Mrs. Robinson, are you sure
we're not gonna get in trouble

>> Mrs. Robinson, are you sure
we're not gonna get in trouble
from the school for doin' this?

we're not gonna get in trouble
from the school for doin' this?
>> No, baby, I'm not.

from the school for doin' this?
>> No, baby, I'm not.
>> Well, at least if I get

>> No, baby, I'm not.
>> Well, at least if I get
kicked out of school for this,

>> Well, at least if I get
kicked out of school for this,
it'll be worthwhile.

kicked out of school for this,
it'll be worthwhile.
>> Good!

it'll be worthwhile.
>> Good!
Now, ladies, let's get this old

>> Good!
Now, ladies, let's get this old
doll running.

Now, ladies, let's get this old
doll running.
♪♪

doll running.
♪♪
♪♪

>> Three days.
Three days is not a time to pull
this off.

Three days is not a time to pull
this off.
>> But three days is all we got.

this off.
>> But three days is all we got.
>> People are gonna be nervous.

>> But three days is all we got.
>> People are gonna be nervous.
Though you need to present it

>> People are gonna be nervous.
Though you need to present it
calmly.

Though you need to present it
calmly.
>> And just what is it you're

calmly.
>> And just what is it you're
trying to say?

>> And just what is it you're
trying to say?
>> That your temper can often

trying to say?
>> That your temper can often
get the best of you.

>> That your temper can often
get the best of you.
>> Good.

get the best of you.
>> Good.
Can't you see the smoke?

>> Good.
Can't you see the smoke?
>> Oh, I see the smoke.

Can't you see the smoke?
>> Oh, I see the smoke.
>> All right, well, that's good

>> Oh, I see the smoke.
>> All right, well, that's good
because you will be fooling

>> All right, well, that's good
because you will be fooling
yourself, Mr. Gray, if you think

because you will be fooling
yourself, Mr. Gray, if you think
that people don't need to see a

yourself, Mr. Gray, if you think
that people don't need to see a
blazin' fire to realize the hell

that people don't need to see a
blazin' fire to realize the hell
in a burnin' house.

blazin' fire to realize the hell
in a burnin' house.
>> And you're the fire.

in a burnin' house.
>> And you're the fire.
>> That's right.

>> And you're the fire.
>> That's right.
I am the fire.

>> That's right.
I am the fire.
And Mrs. Parks was the spark.

I am the fire.
And Mrs. Parks was the spark.
Now, I'm gonna fall over to

And Mrs. Parks was the spark.
Now, I'm gonna fall over to
Mr. A. Philip Randolph to get

Now, I'm gonna fall over to
Mr. A. Philip Randolph to get
him on board.

Mr. A. Philip Randolph to get
him on board.
>> There's a lot at stake over

him on board.
>> There's a lot at stake over
the next few days, Mr. Nixon.

>> There's a lot at stake over
the next few days, Mr. Nixon.
>> Oh, Mr. Gray...

the next few days, Mr. Nixon.
>> Oh, Mr. Gray...
there is a lot at stake tonight.

>> Oh, Mr. Gray...
there is a lot at stake tonight.
♪♪

there is a lot at stake tonight.
♪♪
>> So, we'll come back and

♪♪
>> So, we'll come back and
finish tomorrow.

>> So, we'll come back and
finish tomorrow.
You got everything?

finish tomorrow.
You got everything?
Get those boxes.

You got everything?
Get those boxes.
Okay, then, ready? Okay.

Get those boxes.
Okay, then, ready? Okay.
>> Come on, Daisy, let's go.

Okay, then, ready? Okay.
>> Come on, Daisy, let's go.
♪♪

>> Come on, Daisy, let's go.
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
[ Door creaks open ]

♪♪
[ Door creaks open ]
>> Come on, ladies.

[ Door creaks open ]
>> Come on, ladies.
Keep your heels up. Good.

>> Come on, ladies.
Keep your heels up. Good.
♪♪

Keep your heels up. Good.
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
Come, come, come.

♪♪
Come, come, come.
♪♪

Come, come, come.
♪♪
Come along, ladies.

♪♪
Come along, ladies.
♪♪

Come along, ladies.
♪♪
Stay.

♪♪
Stay.
Let me handle this.

Stay.
Let me handle this.
I'll talk to him.

Let me handle this.
I'll talk to him.
>> Can I help you?

I'll talk to him.
>> Can I help you?
>> Good evening, sir.

>> Can I help you?
>> Good evening, sir.
I'm Professor Robinson, English

>> Good evening, sir.
I'm Professor Robinson, English
department.

I'm Professor Robinson, English
department.
>> It's awful late, Professor.

department.
>> It's awful late, Professor.
>> Oh, it certainly is.

>> It's awful late, Professor.
>> Oh, it certainly is.
But it's finals week and, um,

>> Oh, it certainly is.
But it's finals week and, um,
you know how things go.

But it's finals week and, um,
you know how things go.
You have a good evening.

you know how things go.
You have a good evening.
Ladies, come along!

You have a good evening.
Ladies, come along!
Come along.

Ladies, come along!
Come along.
♪♪

Come along.
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
♪♪

[ Birds chirping ]

♪♪
[ Train whistle blares in
distance ]

[ Train whistle blares in
distance ]
♪♪

distance ]
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
>> There'd never been a bus

♪♪
>> There'd never been a bus
boycott before, so we had to do

>> There'd never been a bus
boycott before, so we had to do
it right.

boycott before, so we had to do
it right.
But I couldn't help feel

it right.
But I couldn't help feel
responsible if anyone was to get

But I couldn't help feel
responsible if anyone was to get
hurt.

responsible if anyone was to get
hurt.
Unfortunately, change doesn't

hurt.
Unfortunately, change doesn't
come without risk.

Unfortunately, change doesn't
come without risk.
♪♪

come without risk.
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
I knew that if we did it right,

♪♪
I knew that if we did it right,
we could make a real impact here

I knew that if we did it right,
we could make a real impact here
in Montgomery, and maybe even

we could make a real impact here
in Montgomery, and maybe even
throughout the South.

in Montgomery, and maybe even
throughout the South.
The world would be watchin' and

throughout the South.
The world would be watchin' and
there was no way we could turn

The world would be watchin' and
there was no way we could turn
back now.

there was no way we could turn
back now.
We all prayed for strength.

back now.
We all prayed for strength.
And then we got to work.

We all prayed for strength.
And then we got to work.
>> Ladies! Come along!

And then we got to work.
>> Ladies! Come along!
>> Come on, Mabel.

>> Ladies! Come along!
>> Come on, Mabel.
>> Oh! [ Chuckles ]

>> Come on, Mabel.
>> Oh! [ Chuckles ]
>> Hey, pretty lady.

>> Oh! [ Chuckles ]
>> Hey, pretty lady.
>> Hi.

>> Hey, pretty lady.
>> Hi.
I hope I see you on Monday.

>> Hi.
I hope I see you on Monday.
>> Mabel!

I hope I see you on Monday.
>> Mabel!
>> I'm coming!

>> It's good to see you,

Randolph.

>> You too.

>> Listen, I heard what happened

with Sister Parks.

Was she harmed?

>> Oh, no, no, no. All is well.
She has agreed to allow us to
use her as a test case to launch

She has agreed to allow us to
use her as a test case to launch
a bus boycott.

use her as a test case to launch
a bus boycott.
>> Now, look, we need to take

a bus boycott.
>> Now, look, we need to take
this opportunity to make a stand

>> Now, look, we need to take
this opportunity to make a stand
in this city.

this opportunity to make a stand
in this city.
And we need your help to do it.

in this city.
And we need your help to do it.
>> Well, I'm familiar with what

And we need your help to do it.
>> Well, I'm familiar with what
you were able to do with the

>> Well, I'm familiar with what
you were able to do with the
Brotherhood of the Sleeping Car

you were able to do with the
Brotherhood of the Sleeping Car
Porters Union.

Brotherhood of the Sleeping Car
Porters Union.
That's a big task of national

Porters Union.
That's a big task of national
strength.

That's a big task of national
strength.
>> Well, the time we have for

strength.
>> Well, the time we have for
the size of the task at hand,

>> Well, the time we have for
the size of the task at hand,
the city of Montgomery can feel

the size of the task at hand,
the city of Montgomery can feel
as big as the whole world if we

the city of Montgomery can feel
as big as the whole world if we
don't get the right help.

as big as the whole world if we
don't get the right help.
>> So, what is your plan?

don't get the right help.
>> So, what is your plan?
>> Mobilize every single Negro

>> So, what is your plan?
>> Mobilize every single Negro
citizen in Montgomery to boycott

>> Mobilize every single Negro
citizen in Montgomery to boycott
the city buses on Monday.

citizen in Montgomery to boycott
the city buses on Monday.
>> Startin' with your

the city buses on Monday.
>> Startin' with your
congregation.

>> Startin' with your
congregation.
>> But none of it will work

congregation.
>> But none of it will work
unless we can get every single

>> But none of it will work
unless we can get every single
one of the 50,000-plus Negro

unless we can get every single
one of the 50,000-plus Negro
citizens in Montgomery to join

one of the 50,000-plus Negro
citizens in Montgomery to join
us.

citizens in Montgomery to join
us.
>> 50,000.

us.
>> 50,000.
>> 50,000.

>> 50,000.
>> 50,000.
>> Mm-hmm.

>> 50,000.
>> Mm-hmm.
Well, you have my support.

>> Mm-hmm.
Well, you have my support.
But I know a young reverend

Well, you have my support.
But I know a young reverend
you'll want to meet.

But I know a young reverend
you'll want to meet.
>> Hmm?

you'll want to meet.
>> Hmm?
[ Engine starts ]

>> Hmm?
[ Engine starts ]
>> I've been mentoring him since

[ Engine starts ]
>> I've been mentoring him since
he arrived from Birmingham about

>> I've been mentoring him since
he arrived from Birmingham about
seven months ago.

he arrived from Birmingham about
seven months ago.
Some folks were nervous on

seven months ago.
Some folks were nervous on
account of him being so young.

Some folks were nervous on
account of him being so young.
Five minutes into his first

account of him being so young.
Five minutes into his first
sermon ended any doubt.

Five minutes into his first
sermon ended any doubt.
And God has blessed this man

sermon ended any doubt.
And God has blessed this man
with a gift.

And God has blessed this man
with a gift.
And he can get his congregation

with a gift.
And he can get his congregation
to follow him wherever he leads.

And he can get his congregation
to follow him wherever he leads.
You can trust me on that.

to follow him wherever he leads.
You can trust me on that.
[ Door opens ]

You can trust me on that.
[ Door opens ]
♪♪

[ Door opens ]
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
Brother King.

>> More than 70% of the bus
riders in Montgomery are
Negroes.

riders in Montgomery are
Negroes.
If we don't ride, we affect the

Negroes.
If we don't ride, we affect the
only thing they care about the

If we don't ride, we affect the
only thing they care about the
most.

only thing they care about the
most.
>> Money.

most.
>> Money.
>> That's very true.

>> Money.
>> That's very true.
We all know how money can sway

>> That's very true.
We all know how money can sway
even the most stubborn of heart,

We all know how money can sway
even the most stubborn of heart,
hmm?

even the most stubborn of heart,
hmm?
Tell me, what exactly do you

hmm?
Tell me, what exactly do you
want from this boycott?

Tell me, what exactly do you
want from this boycott?
>> Equal rights as citizens to

want from this boycott?
>> Equal rights as citizens to
sit wherever we please.

>> Equal rights as citizens to
sit wherever we please.
Common courtesy.

sit wherever we please.
Common courtesy.
And that they hire Negro

Common courtesy.
And that they hire Negro
drivers.

And that they hire Negro
drivers.
>> A bus boycott has never been

drivers.
>> A bus boycott has never been
done before.

>> A bus boycott has never been
done before.
>> Mm.

done before.
>> Mm.
>> Well, we will be the first.

>> Mm.
>> Well, we will be the first.
>> Hmm.

>> Well, we will be the first.
>> Hmm.
>> Which is why we need to be

>> Hmm.
>> Which is why we need to be
well-organized.

>> Which is why we need to be
well-organized.
This is an opportunity for us to

well-organized.
This is an opportunity for us to
put this city on notice.

This is an opportunity for us to
put this city on notice.
>> One thing that I've learned

put this city on notice.
>> One thing that I've learned
is that violence leads to more

>> One thing that I've learned
is that violence leads to more
violence and little change, so

is that violence leads to more
violence and little change, so
my question to you is this --

violence and little change, so
my question to you is this --
Can you assure me this will be a

my question to you is this --
Can you assure me this will be a
peaceful protest?

Can you assure me this will be a
peaceful protest?
>> Look, we're not looking for

peaceful protest?
>> Look, we're not looking for
trouble, but we can't speak for

>> Look, we're not looking for
trouble, but we can't speak for
the police, hmm?

trouble, but we can't speak for
the police, hmm?
They have been after our

the police, hmm?
They have been after our
citizens with a vengeance and

They have been after our
citizens with a vengeance and
things have only gotten worse

citizens with a vengeance and
things have only gotten worse
since they killed Emmett Till.

things have only gotten worse
since they killed Emmett Till.
>> That's right.

since they killed Emmett Till.
>> That's right.
>> They want violence and

>> That's right.
>> They want violence and
disorder.

>> They want violence and
disorder.
That's how they prove their

disorder.
That's how they prove their
misconceptions of us.

That's how they prove their
misconceptions of us.
Now, I've not been in Montgomery

misconceptions of us.
Now, I've not been in Montgomery
for very long, but these are

Now, I've not been in Montgomery
for very long, but these are
some of the most restrictive

for very long, but these are
some of the most restrictive
segregation laws I've ever

some of the most restrictive
segregation laws I've ever
encountered.

segregation laws I've ever
encountered.
>> Mm-hmm.

encountered.
>> Mm-hmm.
>> If this peaceful

>> Mm-hmm.
>> If this peaceful
demonstration is a success here,

>> If this peaceful
demonstration is a success here,
there's no telling what it can

demonstration is a success here,
there's no telling what it can
do for our nation as a whole.

there's no telling what it can
do for our nation as a whole.
>> Well, we're planning a

do for our nation as a whole.
>> Well, we're planning a
community meeting.

>> Well, we're planning a
community meeting.
We're organizing.

community meeting.
We're organizing.
>> Have it here.

We're organizing.
>> Have it here.
7:00 this evening.

>> Have it here.
7:00 this evening.
>> Thank you, brother.

7:00 this evening.
>> Thank you, brother.
Thank you.

>> Thank you, brother.
Thank you.
>> Mm-hmm.

Thank you.
>> Mm-hmm.
>> Thank you, Mrs. Marshall.

>> Mm-hmm.
>> Thank you, Mrs. Marshall.
Mrs. Campbell, please.

>> Thank you, Mrs. Marshall.
Mrs. Campbell, please.
Mrs. Robinson here.

Mrs. Campbell, please.
Mrs. Robinson here.
Is your committee meeting still

Mrs. Robinson here.
Is your committee meeting still
happening this evening?

Is your committee meeting still
happening this evening?
Oh, good.

happening this evening?
Oh, good.
Yes, we are launching a peaceful

Oh, good.
Yes, we are launching a peaceful
protest, but we do not know how

Yes, we are launching a peaceful
protest, but we do not know how
the authorities will respond to

protest, but we do not know how
the authorities will respond to
this, so we need to be prepared.

the authorities will respond to
this, so we need to be prepared.
Oh, that's such a good amount.

this, so we need to be prepared.
Oh, that's such a good amount.
Thank you so much.

Oh, that's such a good amount.
Thank you so much.
Oh, yes, thank you.

Thank you so much.
Oh, yes, thank you.
I'll see you there.

Oh, yes, thank you.
I'll see you there.
I'll see you there.

I'll see you there.
I'll see you there.
♪♪

I'll see you there.
♪♪
>> We have been threatened and

♪♪
>> We have been threatened and
treated unjustly, so it wasn't

>> We have been threatened and
treated unjustly, so it wasn't
gonna be easy to get more people

treated unjustly, so it wasn't
gonna be easy to get more people
in our community to join us.

gonna be easy to get more people
in our community to join us.
We were running out of time.

in our community to join us.
We were running out of time.
>> So, you know, this is

We were running out of time.
>> So, you know, this is
Pastor Johnson.

>> So, you know, this is
Pastor Johnson.
>> Okay.

Pastor Johnson.
>> Okay.
>> Does he seem good?

>> Okay.
>> Does he seem good?
>> No, no, no, Pastor Johnson.

>> Does he seem good?
>> No, no, no, Pastor Johnson.
He can be a little...you know,

>> No, no, no, Pastor Johnson.
He can be a little...you know,
tough around the edges.

He can be a little...you know,
tough around the edges.
Oh, good brother!

tough around the edges.
Oh, good brother!
We just need a few minutes of

Oh, good brother!
We just need a few minutes of
your time, Pastor Johnson.

We just need a few minutes of
your time, Pastor Johnson.
>> Yes.

your time, Pastor Johnson.
>> Yes.
>> How you doing?

>> Yes.
>> How you doing?
>> Pastor Johnson.

>> How you doing?
>> Pastor Johnson.
>> E.D. Nixon.

>> Pastor Johnson.
>> E.D. Nixon.
>> Hey, how you doing,

>> E.D. Nixon.
>> Hey, how you doing,
Mr. Nixon?

>> Hey, how you doing,
Mr. Nixon?
>> All right, all right.

Mr. Nixon?
>> All right, all right.
>> Not certain if you heard, but

>> All right, all right.
>> Not certain if you heard, but
another Negro woman was arrested

>> Not certain if you heard, but
another Negro woman was arrested
on a bus last night.

another Negro woman was arrested
on a bus last night.
>> Yes, yes.

on a bus last night.
>> Yes, yes.
I heard she was sitting in the

>> Yes, yes.
I heard she was sitting in the
white section.

I heard she was sitting in the
white section.
>> Uh, no, sir.

white section.
>> Uh, no, sir.
She most certainly was not.

>> Uh, no, sir.
She most certainly was not.
She was sitting in the colored

She most certainly was not.
She was sitting in the colored
section and she was told to

She was sitting in the colored
section and she was told to
move.

section and she was told to
move.
>> Well, then, she should have

move.
>> Well, then, she should have
moved!

>> Well, then, she should have
moved!
>> Uh...no, sir.

moved!
>> Uh...no, sir.
It was her right not to move.

>> Uh...no, sir.
It was her right not to move.
>> Pastor Johnson, we're --

It was her right not to move.
>> Pastor Johnson, we're --
we're here for your support.

>> Pastor Johnson, we're --
we're here for your support.
>> Mm-hmm.

we're here for your support.
>> Mm-hmm.
>> And that of your congregation

>> Mm-hmm.
>> And that of your congregation
for a one-day bus boycott this

>> And that of your congregation
for a one-day bus boycott this
coming Monday.

for a one-day bus boycott this
coming Monday.
>> Boycott?

coming Monday.
>> Boycott?
>> Yes, sir.

>> Boycott?
>> Yes, sir.
>> [ Laughs ]

>> Yes, sir.
>> [ Laughs ]
Looky here.

>> [ Laughs ]
Looky here.
Y'all serious?

Looky here.
Y'all serious?
What do you think will come of

Y'all serious?
What do you think will come of
that?

What do you think will come of
that?
>> [ Chuckles ] If we don't take

that?
>> [ Chuckles ] If we don't take
a stand and protest their

>> [ Chuckles ] If we don't take
a stand and protest their
regular practice --

a stand and protest their
regular practice --
>> With all due respect, we

regular practice --
>> With all due respect, we
don't want no trouble.

>> With all due respect, we
don't want no trouble.
>> Don't you see if we just stay

don't want no trouble.
>> Don't you see if we just stay
laying like sleeping dogs,

>> Don't you see if we just stay
laying like sleeping dogs,
hoping nothing gets disturbed,

laying like sleeping dogs,
hoping nothing gets disturbed,
there will never be any real

hoping nothing gets disturbed,
there will never be any real
change?

>> I wish you luck.
I certainly do, but I'm sorry.
You'll have to leave me and my

I certainly do, but I'm sorry.
You'll have to leave me and my
flock out of it.

You'll have to leave me and my
flock out of it.
>> E.D.?

flock out of it.
>> E.D.?
>> What?

>> E.D.?
>> What?
>> Hold up.

>> What?
>> Hold up.
Nixon!

>> Hold up.
Nixon!
>> What?!

Nixon!
>> What?!
>> [ Chuckles ]

>> What?!
>> [ Chuckles ]
You have to try to be a little

>> [ Chuckles ]
You have to try to be a little
more understanding.

You have to try to be a little
more understanding.
>> [ Laughs ] Why, Randolph,

more understanding.
>> [ Laughs ] Why, Randolph,
why?

>> [ Laughs ] Why, Randolph,
why?
You just tell me why.

why?
You just tell me why.
What good is it gonna do with

You just tell me why.
What good is it gonna do with
a turncoat like him?

What good is it gonna do with
a turncoat like him?
I know why these ministers and

a turncoat like him?
I know why these ministers and
how they were bought off to keep

I know why these ministers and
how they were bought off to keep
things as they are.

how they were bought off to keep
things as they are.
I bet he got that tacky-ass suit

things as they are.
I bet he got that tacky-ass suit
from one of his supporters in

I bet he got that tacky-ass suit
from one of his supporters in
the mayor's office.

from one of his supporters in
the mayor's office.
No, thank you, sir.

the mayor's office.
No, thank you, sir.
No, thank you.

No, thank you, sir.
No, thank you.
♪♪

>> Mr. Leon, get one of those
to every customer.
Make sure that they're very

to every customer.
Make sure that they're very
careful because we don't

Make sure that they're very
careful because we don't
want these so-called authorities

careful because we don't
want these so-called authorities
making trouble before we get

want these so-called authorities
making trouble before we get
this thing off the ground, you

making trouble before we get
this thing off the ground, you
understand?

this thing off the ground, you
understand?
>> ♪ Yes, for likely, sure as

understand?
>> ♪ Yes, for likely, sure as
you please ♪

>> ♪ Yes, for likely, sure as
you please ♪
>> Hey, everything gonna be all

you please ♪
>> Hey, everything gonna be all
right.

>> Hey, everything gonna be all
right.
Any crackers come in here, ask

right.
Any crackers come in here, ask
you what's in the box, you tell

Any crackers come in here, ask
you what's in the box, you tell
them it's Christmas cards.

you what's in the box, you tell
them it's Christmas cards.
>> ♪ Whoa, I woke up this

them it's Christmas cards.
>> ♪ Whoa, I woke up this
morning ♪

>> ♪ Whoa, I woke up this
morning ♪
♪ Yes, for likely, sure as... ♪

morning ♪
♪ Yes, for likely, sure as... ♪
>> May I speak to you for a

♪ Yes, for likely, sure as... ♪
>> May I speak to you for a
second?

>> May I speak to you for a
second?
Why don't you go ahead and

second?
Why don't you go ahead and
grab Wilson?

Why don't you go ahead and
grab Wilson?
How you doing?

grab Wilson?
How you doing?
My name is Philip Randolph.

How you doing?
My name is Philip Randolph.
And we're out here today, we're

My name is Philip Randolph.
And we're out here today, we're
trying to...

And we're out here today, we're
trying to...
>> Morning, sir.

trying to...
>> Morning, sir.
Is the Reverend in?

>> Morning, sir.
Is the Reverend in?
>> Uh, yes, sir.

Is the Reverend in?
>> Uh, yes, sir.
That would be me --

>> Uh, yes, sir.
That would be me --
Reverend Wilson.

That would be me --
Reverend Wilson.
How may I help you?

Reverend Wilson.
How may I help you?
>> [ Laughs ] I'm sorry.

How may I help you?
>> [ Laughs ] I'm sorry.
I didn't mean any disrespect.

>> [ Laughs ] I'm sorry.
I didn't mean any disrespect.
>> Oh, listen.

I didn't mean any disrespect.
>> Oh, listen.
No need to apologize, sir.

>> Oh, listen.
No need to apologize, sir.
As you can see, the Lord's work

No need to apologize, sir.
As you can see, the Lord's work
comes in many forms.

As you can see, the Lord's work
comes in many forms.
>> Yes, that's right.

comes in many forms.
>> Yes, that's right.
>> What can I do for you?

>> Yes, that's right.
>> What can I do for you?
>> Well, uh, we -- we sure could

>> What can I do for you?
>> Well, uh, we -- we sure could
use your assistance, now.

>> Well, not much I can do with
just one handbill.
I'm gonna need far more to pass

just one handbill.
I'm gonna need far more to pass
out for Sunday services.

I'm gonna need far more to pass
out for Sunday services.
>> [ Laughs ]

out for Sunday services.
>> [ Laughs ]
That means you'll help us?

>> [ Laughs ]
That means you'll help us?
>> Oh, yes, sir. Absolutely.

That means you'll help us?
>> Oh, yes, sir. Absolutely.
Listen, my flock might be small,

>> Oh, yes, sir. Absolutely.
Listen, my flock might be small,
but we sure are mighty.

Listen, my flock might be small,
but we sure are mighty.
>> Well, we're having a-a

but we sure are mighty.
>> Well, we're having a-a
planning meeting this evening at

>> Well, we're having a-a
planning meeting this evening at
the Dexter Avenue Church.

planning meeting this evening at
the Dexter Avenue Church.
>> Reverend King's new home?

the Dexter Avenue Church.
>> Reverend King's new home?
>> That's right.

>> Reverend King's new home?
>> That's right.
>> Let me tell you something --

>> That's right.
>> Let me tell you something --
gifted that one.

>> Let me tell you something --
gifted that one.
Yes, sir.

gifted that one.
Yes, sir.
So, what time?

Yes, sir.
So, what time?
>> 7:00, and I'll make sure you

So, what time?
>> 7:00, and I'll make sure you
have all the handbills you need

>> 7:00, and I'll make sure you
have all the handbills you need
there.

have all the handbills you need
there.
>> Count me in, son.

there.
>> Count me in, son.
Let me tell you something.

>> Count me in, son.
Let me tell you something.
I've been praying for anybody,

Let me tell you something.
I've been praying for anybody,
somebody, to step up.

I've been praying for anybody,
somebody, to step up.
>> Yes, sir.

somebody, to step up.
>> Yes, sir.
>> And what's about to happen

>> Yes, sir.
>> And what's about to happen
makes this fat, old preacher

>> And what's about to happen
makes this fat, old preacher
proud.

makes this fat, old preacher
proud.
I'm gonna see you there.

proud.
I'm gonna see you there.
>> Yes, sir.

I'm gonna see you there.
>> Yes, sir.
>> All right.

>> Yes, sir.
>> All right.
>> Thank you, sir.

>> All right.
>> Thank you, sir.
>> You take care.

>> Thank you, sir.
>> You take care.
>> All right, thank you so much!

>> You take care.
>> All right, thank you so much!
Thank you so much.

>> All right, thank you so much!
Thank you so much.
>> Good, good, good?

Thank you so much.
>> Good, good, good?
>> Randolph!

>> Good, good, good?
>> Randolph!
>> All right.

>> Randolph!
>> All right.
Good job.

>> All right.
Good job.
>> Mrs. Parks?

Good job.
>> Mrs. Parks?
I think you remember

>> Mrs. Parks?
I think you remember
Mr. Langford.

I think you remember
Mr. Langford.
>> Yes, sir.

Mr. Langford.
>> Yes, sir.
Nice to see you again.

>> Yes, sir.
Nice to see you again.
>> It's nice to see you again.

Nice to see you again.
>> It's nice to see you again.
>> Uh, Charles has agreed to

>> It's nice to see you again.
>> Uh, Charles has agreed to
join me in court on Monday as my

>> Uh, Charles has agreed to
join me in court on Monday as my
co-counsel.

join me in court on Monday as my
co-counsel.
>> Thank you so much.

co-counsel.
>> Thank you so much.
>> It's my pleasure to help.

>> Thank you so much.
>> It's my pleasure to help.
And, uh, I hope we lose.

>> It's my pleasure to help.
And, uh, I hope we lose.
[ Both chuckle ]

And, uh, I hope we lose.
[ Both chuckle ]
>> So, you intend to lose my

[ Both chuckle ]
>> So, you intend to lose my
case?

>> So, you intend to lose my
case?
>> What he means is that our

case?
>> What he means is that our
strategy is to lose your case

>> What he means is that our
strategy is to lose your case
because we can't make much of an

strategy is to lose your case
because we can't make much of an
impact in the lower court

because we can't make much of an
impact in the lower court
system.

impact in the lower court
system.
>> When we lose, we can then

system.
>> When we lose, we can then
appeal to a higher court.

>> When we lose, we can then
appeal to a higher court.
The higher court means more

appeal to a higher court.
The higher court means more
exposure.

The higher court means more
exposure.
More exposure is a good

exposure.
More exposure is a good
strategy.

More exposure is a good
strategy.
>> I know.

strategy.
>> I know.
I follow Mr. Langford.

>> I know.
I follow Mr. Langford.
It's hard to change laws unless

I follow Mr. Langford.
It's hard to change laws unless
they reach the highest court in

It's hard to change laws unless
they reach the highest court in
the country.

they reach the highest court in
the country.
I do try to keep up, now.

the country.
I do try to keep up, now.
Excuse me.

[ Ringing ]

Hey, Randolph, how's it going?
>> Yeah, good, good.
It's filling up.

>> Yeah, good, good.
It's filling up.
Listen, Montgomery Improvement

It's filling up.
Listen, Montgomery Improvement
Association.

Listen, Montgomery Improvement
Association.
>> Yeah. What's that?

Association.
>> Yeah. What's that?
>> That's what I'm gonna call

>> Yeah. What's that?
>> That's what I'm gonna call
the committee.

>> That's what I'm gonna call
the committee.
>> Yeah.

the committee.
>> Yeah.
Yeah, I like it.

>> Yeah.
Yeah, I like it.
It's good.

Yeah, I like it.
It's good.
Form a board this evening and

It's good.
Form a board this evening and
make sure you get King involved.

Form a board this evening and
make sure you get King involved.
>> All right, I'll -- I'll try.

make sure you get King involved.
>> All right, I'll -- I'll try.
How you doing?

>> All right, I'll -- I'll try.
How you doing?
>> Oh, I'm waiting on an old

How you doing?
>> Oh, I'm waiting on an old
friend.

>> Oh, I'm waiting on an old
friend.
Hey, look, um, I return tomorrow

friend.
Hey, look, um, I return tomorrow
evening.

Hey, look, um, I return tomorrow
evening.
>> All right.

evening.
>> All right.
Be safe, my friend.

>> All right.
Be safe, my friend.
>> Mm-hmm. You too.

[ Train whistle blares ]

>> Mr. Nixon?
>> Joe.
We sure need your help.

>> Joe.
We sure need your help.
[ Paper rustles ]

We sure need your help.
[ Paper rustles ]
I want to put this in the paper.

>> A bus boycott?
>> That's right.
♪♪

>> That's right.
♪♪
>> We've been friends for a long

♪♪
>> We've been friends for a long
time.

>> We've been friends for a long
time.
So I'm gonna tell you this

time.
So I'm gonna tell you this
straight.

So I'm gonna tell you this
straight.
Montgomery is not ready for

straight.
Montgomery is not ready for
this.

Montgomery is not ready for
this.
The tradition of segregation is

this.
The tradition of segregation is
too deeply rooted in the culture

The tradition of segregation is
too deeply rooted in the culture
here.

too deeply rooted in the culture
here.
>> Oh, just because they used to

here.
>> Oh, just because they used to
it...don't make it right.

>> Oh, just because they used to
it...don't make it right.
You, of all people, know that.

it...don't make it right.
You, of all people, know that.
>> What we see as injustice,

You, of all people, know that.
>> What we see as injustice,
what we know to be injustice --

>> What we see as injustice,
what we know to be injustice --
to them it's just heritage.

what we know to be injustice --
to them it's just heritage.
Hell, they think it's generous

to them it's just heritage.
Hell, they think it's generous
that they let you ride their

Hell, they think it's generous
that they let you ride their
buses.

that they let you ride their
buses.
>> We need our side in the

buses.
>> We need our side in the
morning papers, on the front

>> We need our side in the
morning papers, on the front
page.

morning papers, on the front
page.
Joe, this is serious.

page.
Joe, this is serious.
I need to know if you will help

Joe, this is serious.
I need to know if you will help
us.

I need to know if you will help
us.
♪♪

us.
♪♪
>> I can't guarantee the front

♪♪
>> I can't guarantee the front
page.

>> I can't guarantee the front
page.
>> Uh, all right.

page.
>> Uh, all right.
>> I'll do my best.

>> Uh, all right.
>> I'll do my best.
>> Thank you, and we will be in

>> I'll do my best.
>> Thank you, and we will be in
touch.

>> Thank you, and we will be in
touch.
♪♪

>> Good evening, everyone.
>> Good evening, Reverend.
>> Good evening.

>> Good evening, Reverend.
>> Good evening.
>> Good evening.

>> Good evening.
>> Good evening.
>> I'd like you to bow your

>> Good evening.
>> I'd like you to bow your
heads and join me in prayer.

>> I'd like you to bow your
heads and join me in prayer.
Lord, we come to you with the

heads and join me in prayer.
Lord, we come to you with the
hope that you lift us up and

Lord, we come to you with the
hope that you lift us up and
impart onto us the courage to

hope that you lift us up and
impart onto us the courage to
stand for what it right.

impart onto us the courage to
stand for what it right.
[ Crowd murmurs in agreement ]

stand for what it right.
[ Crowd murmurs in agreement ]
We are forever giving thanks,

[ Crowd murmurs in agreement ]
We are forever giving thanks,
love, and praise...

We are forever giving thanks,
love, and praise...
[ Crowd murmurs in agreement ]

love, and praise...
[ Crowd murmurs in agreement ]
...to you, Almighty Father.

[ Crowd murmurs in agreement ]
...to you, Almighty Father.
In Jesus' name, we pray.

...to you, Almighty Father.
In Jesus' name, we pray.
>> In the name of Jesus.

In Jesus' name, we pray.
>> In the name of Jesus.
>> Amen.

>> In the name of Jesus.
>> Amen.
>> Amen.

>> Amen.
>> Amen.
>> We want to thank everyone for

>> Amen.
>> We want to thank everyone for
coming out this evening.

>> We want to thank everyone for
coming out this evening.
We have matters to discuss.

coming out this evening.
We have matters to discuss.
We will begin with

We have matters to discuss.
We will begin with
Sister Rosa Parks, whose most

We will begin with
Sister Rosa Parks, whose most
recent experience has led us all

Sister Rosa Parks, whose most
recent experience has led us all
here today.

recent experience has led us all
here today.
Sister Parks.

here today.
Sister Parks.
♪♪

Sister Parks.
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
>> Good -- Good evening.

♪♪
>> Good -- Good evening.
[ Feedback ]

>> Good -- Good evening.
[ Feedback ]
♪♪

[ Feedback ]
♪♪
Last evening, I was told to move

♪♪
Last evening, I was told to move
out my seat in the segregated

Last evening, I was told to move
out my seat in the segregated
section of the Cleveland Avenue

out my seat in the segregated
section of the Cleveland Avenue
bus for the comfort of a white

section of the Cleveland Avenue
bus for the comfort of a white
gentleman.

bus for the comfort of a white
gentleman.
Now it -- it wasn't that he was

gentleman.
Now it -- it wasn't that he was
ill, elderly, or handicapped.

Now it -- it wasn't that he was
ill, elderly, or handicapped.
He was just white and that was

ill, elderly, or handicapped.
He was just white and that was
enough to make him more worthy

He was just white and that was
enough to make him more worthy
of a seat than me.

enough to make him more worthy
of a seat than me.
[ Sighs ]

of a seat than me.
[ Sighs ]
Now, I -- I understand that some

[ Sighs ]
Now, I -- I understand that some
of you might be thinking that

Now, I -- I understand that some
of you might be thinking that
I'm just up here trying to stir

of you might be thinking that
I'm just up here trying to stir
up trouble and, well, yes, I...

I'm just up here trying to stir
up trouble and, well, yes, I...
I suppose I am.

up trouble and, well, yes, I...
I suppose I am.
But I -- I have been the

I suppose I am.
But I -- I have been the
Montgomery NAACP chapter

But I -- I have been the
Montgomery NAACP chapter
secretary for eight years now,

Montgomery NAACP chapter
secretary for eight years now,
and I personally have spent too

secretary for eight years now,
and I personally have spent too
much time logging our civil

and I personally have spent too
much time logging our civil
rights complaints in these here

much time logging our civil
rights complaints in these here
notebooks that have grown

rights complaints in these here
notebooks that have grown
larger year after year.

notebooks that have grown
larger year after year.
The fear and indignity that they

larger year after year.
The fear and indignity that they
put us through must not dissuade

The fear and indignity that they
put us through must not dissuade
us from demonstrating for our

put us through must not dissuade
us from demonstrating for our
basic rights.

us from demonstrating for our
basic rights.
There comes a time in our lives

basic rights.
There comes a time in our lives
when we will reach our limits,

There comes a time in our lives
when we will reach our limits,
when we have to move past

when we will reach our limits,
when we have to move past
ourselves and our small comforts

when we have to move past
ourselves and our small comforts
and choose to make our voices

ourselves and our small comforts
and choose to make our voices
heard.

and choose to make our voices
heard.
When that bus driver started

heard.
When that bus driver started
yelling and threatening me...

When that bus driver started
yelling and threatening me...
[voice breaking] I saw young

yelling and threatening me...
[voice breaking] I saw young
Emmett's face.

[voice breaking] I saw young
Emmett's face.
And I thought, "How could we

Emmett's face.
And I thought, "How could we
live in a world where a smile or

And I thought, "How could we
live in a world where a smile or
a whistle can equal a death

live in a world where a smile or
a whistle can equal a death
sentence?"

a whistle can equal a death
sentence?"
Yes, i-it is far easier to have

sentence?"
Yes, i-it is far easier to have
our heads down and just keep

Yes, i-it is far easier to have
our heads down and just keep
going on with our business, but

our heads down and just keep
going on with our business, but
that will only give them the

going on with our business, but
that will only give them the
power to continue to keep us

that will only give them the
power to continue to keep us
down.

power to continue to keep us
down.
They continue to limit our

down.
They continue to limit our
rights.

They continue to limit our
rights.
They continue to call into

rights.
They continue to call into
question our very citizenship.

They continue to call into
question our very citizenship.
But they will only continue if

question our very citizenship.
But they will only continue if
we, as a community, do not take

But they will only continue if
we, as a community, do not take
a stand against them.

we, as a community, do not take
a stand against them.
[ Applause ]

a stand against them.
[ Applause ]
♪♪

[ Applause ]
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
Thank you.

♪♪
Thank you.
[ Sniffles ]

Thank you.
[ Sniffles ]
>> Now, come Sunday, we need you

[ Sniffles ]
>> Now, come Sunday, we need you
to encourage your congregations

>> Now, come Sunday, we need you
to encourage your congregations
to join us.

to encourage your congregations
to join us.
Huh? Amen?

to join us.
Huh? Amen?
>> Amen.

Huh? Amen?
>> Amen.
>> And this is a good plan with

>> Amen.
>> And this is a good plan with
the potential to create real

>> And this is a good plan with
the potential to create real
change in Montgomery.

the potential to create real
change in Montgomery.
There will be no need for picket

change in Montgomery.
There will be no need for picket
signs and rallies.

There will be no need for picket
signs and rallies.
We simply won't use public

signs and rallies.
We simply won't use public
transportation.

We simply won't use public
transportation.
>> And how are people supposed

transportation.
>> And how are people supposed
to get to work?

>> And how are people supposed
to get to work?
You want them to lose their

to get to work?
You want them to lose their
jobs?

You want them to lose their
jobs?
>> No, sir.

jobs?
>> No, sir.
We-- We're setting up carpools,

>> No, sir.
We-- We're setting up carpools,
a-and we ask that those who work

We-- We're setting up carpools,
a-and we ask that those who work
close to their jobs from their

a-and we ask that those who work
close to their jobs from their
home, we ask that you walk.

close to their jobs from their
home, we ask that you walk.
>> And now we have work to do,

home, we ask that you walk.
>> And now we have work to do,
the first of which is to set up

>> And now we have work to do,
the first of which is to set up
the transportation committee and

the first of which is to set up
the transportation committee and
Mrs. Campbell has been gracious

the transportation committee and
Mrs. Campbell has been gracious
enough to volunteer her husband,

Mrs. Campbell has been gracious
enough to volunteer her husband,
transportation engineer

enough to volunteer her husband,
transportation engineer
Mr. Alfonso Campbell.

transportation engineer
Mr. Alfonso Campbell.
>> Yeah, thank you!

Mr. Alfonso Campbell.
>> Yeah, thank you!
>> I should be saying we hope he

>> Yeah, thank you!
>> I should be saying we hope he
accepts this post.

>> I should be saying we hope he
accepts this post.
All right, then.

accepts this post.
All right, then.
All right, then.

All right, then.
All right, then.
He is going to need some

All right, then.
He is going to need some
volunteers to assist him in one

He is going to need some
volunteers to assist him in one
of the most important challenges

volunteers to assist him in one
of the most important challenges
of this evening.

of the most important challenges
of this evening.
All right, you all, follow me.

of this evening.
All right, you all, follow me.
Thank you, Mr. Campbell.

All right, you all, follow me.
Thank you, Mr. Campbell.
>> Our intent is to have a

Thank you, Mr. Campbell.
>> Our intent is to have a
peaceful protest, but if things

>> Our intent is to have a
peaceful protest, but if things
get out of hand, we'll need more

peaceful protest, but if things
get out of hand, we'll need more
assistance with the legal fund.

get out of hand, we'll need more
assistance with the legal fund.
If anyone has legal experience,

assistance with the legal fund.
If anyone has legal experience,
please follow me.

If anyone has legal experience,
please follow me.
♪♪

>> Thanks.
♪♪
[ Telephone ringing ]

♪♪
[ Telephone ringing ]
♪♪

[ Telephone ringing ]
♪♪
Anybody hear about a boycott?

♪♪
Anybody hear about a boycott?
Why am I just reading about it

Anybody hear about a boycott?
Why am I just reading about it
in the paper?!

Why am I just reading about it
in the paper?!
♪♪

in the paper?!
♪♪
>> Hey!

♪♪
>> Hey!
♪♪

>> Hey!
♪♪
[ Telephone rings ]

♪♪
[ Telephone rings ]
>> How's it coming?

[ Telephone rings ]
>> How's it coming?
>> It's done.

>> How's it coming?
>> It's done.
We have pick-up and drop-off

>> It's done.
We have pick-up and drop-off
locations along the existing bus

We have pick-up and drop-off
locations along the existing bus
routes and a list of volunteer

locations along the existing bus
routes and a list of volunteer
drivers.

routes and a list of volunteer
drivers.
Also, all 18 Negro-owned cab

drivers.
Also, all 18 Negro-owned cab
companies have agreed to charge

Also, all 18 Negro-owned cab
companies have agreed to charge
passengers 10 cents a ride,

companies have agreed to charge
passengers 10 cents a ride,
same as the buses.

passengers 10 cents a ride,
same as the buses.
>> This is real good,

same as the buses.
>> This is real good,
Mr. Campbell.

>> This is real good,
Mr. Campbell.
Mm-hmm. Real good, indeed.

Mr. Campbell.
Mm-hmm. Real good, indeed.
>> Thank you, sir.

Mm-hmm. Real good, indeed.
>> Thank you, sir.
♪♪

>> Thank you, sir.
♪♪
[ Knocks on window ]

♪♪
[ Knocks on window ]
♪♪

[ Knocks on window ]
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
>> We have received some

♪♪
>> We have received some
generous donations for the legal

>> We have received some
generous donations for the legal
fund.

generous donations for the legal
fund.
>> Well, we may very well need

fund.
>> Well, we may very well need
it and more.

>> Well, we may very well need
it and more.
I'm concerned that this one day

it and more.
I'm concerned that this one day
is not sufficient enough to make

I'm concerned that this one day
is not sufficient enough to make
a significant impact.

is not sufficient enough to make
a significant impact.
>> Then we continue.

a significant impact.
>> Then we continue.
>> Well, we all gettin' this

>> Then we continue.
>> Well, we all gettin' this
much pushback for just one day,

>> Well, we all gettin' this
much pushback for just one day,
how can we continue?

much pushback for just one day,
how can we continue?
>> Do not underestimate us,

how can we continue?
>> Do not underestimate us,
Mr. Nixon.

>> Do not underestimate us,
Mr. Nixon.
We are educated, independent

Mr. Nixon.
We are educated, independent
with funds, and, in some states,

We are educated, independent
with funds, and, in some states,
more influential than the white

with funds, and, in some states,
more influential than the white
folks.

more influential than the white
folks.
Oh, this will work.

folks.
Oh, this will work.
Sooner or later, everybody will

Oh, this will work.
Sooner or later, everybody will
get on board.

Sooner or later, everybody will
get on board.
You'll see.

get on board.
You'll see.
>> [ Laughs ]

You'll see.
>> [ Laughs ]
You ain't no joke, are you,

>> [ Laughs ]
You ain't no joke, are you,
Mrs. Robinson?

You ain't no joke, are you,
Mrs. Robinson?
>> No, sir. She is not.

Mrs. Robinson?
>> No, sir. She is not.
>> Hey!

>> No, sir. She is not.
>> Hey!
Excuse me.

>> Hey!
Excuse me.
[ Breathing heavily ]

Excuse me.
[ Breathing heavily ]
We got a problem.

[ Breathing heavily ]
We got a problem.
>> Bring it here, boy.

We got a problem.
>> Bring it here, boy.
Come on.

>> It's out.
They know.
"Reports of fear amongst the

They know.
"Reports of fear amongst the
Negro community, and they are

"Reports of fear amongst the
Negro community, and they are
requesting police protection

Negro community, and they are
requesting police protection
against the Negro goon

requesting police protection
against the Negro goon
squads..."

against the Negro goon
squads..."
>> What are they talking about?

squads..."
>> What are they talking about?
>> "...which reportedly have

>> What are they talking about?
>> "...which reportedly have
been organized to intimidate the

>> "...which reportedly have
been organized to intimidate the
other Negroes who want to ride

been organized to intimidate the
other Negroes who want to ride
the bus come Monday."

other Negroes who want to ride
the bus come Monday."
>> Oh, that's a lie!

the bus come Monday."
>> Oh, that's a lie!
I mean, there's no such thing.

>> Oh, that's a lie!
I mean, there's no such thing.
>> You said your friend would

I mean, there's no such thing.
>> You said your friend would
help us.

>> You said your friend would
help us.
That there? That's not helping.

help us.
That there? That's not helping.
>> Joe did not write this

That there? That's not helping.
>> Joe did not write this
article, Randolph.

>> Joe did not write this
article, Randolph.
This is from the

article, Randolph.
This is from the
"Alabama Journal," not

This is from the
"Alabama Journal," not
"Montgomery Advertiser."

"Alabama Journal," not
"Montgomery Advertiser."
>> How much could it hurt us?

"Montgomery Advertiser."
>> How much could it hurt us?
>> A lot.

>> How much could it hurt us?
>> A lot.
People tend to believe what they

>> A lot.
People tend to believe what they
read in print, even if it ain't

People tend to believe what they
read in print, even if it ain't
true.

read in print, even if it ain't
true.
>> Especially if they want it to

true.
>> Especially if they want it to
be true.

>> Especially if they want it to
be true.
>> Well, now, let's not get

be true.
>> Well, now, let's not get
ahead of ourselves.

>> Well, now, let's not get
ahead of ourselves.
This, though disappointing, is

ahead of ourselves.
This, though disappointing, is
not all that unexpected.

This, though disappointing, is
not all that unexpected.
>> And who knows?

not all that unexpected.
>> And who knows?
This may very well help us.

>> And who knows?
This may very well help us.
God works in mysterious ways.

This may very well help us.
God works in mysterious ways.
>> Yes, he does.

God works in mysterious ways.
>> Yes, he does.
[ Telephone rings ]

>> Yes, he does.
[ Telephone rings ]
>> Excuse me, sir.

[ Telephone rings ]
>> Excuse me, sir.
>> What?

>> Excuse me, sir.
>> What?
Give me some good news, Nelson.

>> What?
Give me some good news, Nelson.
>> Um, we've been getting calls

Give me some good news, Nelson.
>> Um, we've been getting calls
from employers that their Negro

>> Um, we've been getting calls
from employers that their Negro
domestics are not going to work

from employers that their Negro
domestics are not going to work
on Monday because they're afraid

domestics are not going to work
on Monday because they're afraid
to ride the buses on account of

on Monday because they're afraid
to ride the buses on account of
the boycott.

to ride the buses on account of
the boycott.
>> [ Scoffs ] How many calls?

the boycott.
>> [ Scoffs ] How many calls?
>> A lot.

>> [ Scoffs ] How many calls?
>> A lot.
Phones are still ringing.

>> A lot.
Phones are still ringing.
>> [ Scoffs ] That's great.

Phones are still ringing.
>> [ Scoffs ] That's great.
That's just what we need three

>> [ Scoffs ] That's great.
That's just what we need three
weeks before Christmas -- riots

That's just what we need three
weeks before Christmas -- riots
in the streets because of those

weeks before Christmas -- riots
in the streets because of those
damn...

in the streets because of those
damn...
Get me, uh, what's his name,

damn...
Get me, uh, what's his name,
who's in charge at the bus

Get me, uh, what's his name,
who's in charge at the bus
company and the commissioner.

who's in charge at the bus
company and the commissioner.
>> Yes, sir.

company and the commissioner.
>> Yes, sir.
>> And then the mayor.

>> Yes, sir.
>> And then the mayor.
♪♪

>> And then the mayor.
♪♪
>> How are you?

♪♪
>> How are you?
>> I'm fine.

>> How are you?
>> I'm fine.
This is incredible.

>> I'm fine.
This is incredible.
>> How was work yesterday?

This is incredible.
>> How was work yesterday?
>> Oh, it was fine.

>> How was work yesterday?
>> Oh, it was fine.
From what I could tell, word of

>> Oh, it was fine.
From what I could tell, word of
Monday hasn't reached them, so

From what I could tell, word of
Monday hasn't reached them, so
we're good on that account.

Monday hasn't reached them, so
we're good on that account.
>> Are you headed home now?

we're good on that account.
>> Are you headed home now?
Should we get you a ride?

>> Are you headed home now?
Should we get you a ride?
>> No, no, I'm -- I'm here to

Should we get you a ride?
>> No, no, I'm -- I'm here to
stay and work.

>> No, no, I'm -- I'm here to
stay and work.
>> Rosa.

stay and work.
>> Rosa.
[ Telephone ringing ]

>> Rosa.
[ Telephone ringing ]
>> Hi.

[ Telephone ringing ]
>> Hi.
>> How are you?

>> Hi.
>> How are you?
>> I'm fine.

>> How are you?
>> I'm fine.
>> Please, let me get your coat.

>> I'm fine.
>> Please, let me get your coat.
>> Oh, thank you.

>> Please, let me get your coat.
>> Oh, thank you.
No, I'm fine. I'm fine.

>> Oh, thank you.
No, I'm fine. I'm fine.
You can tell everyone here

No, I'm fine. I'm fine.
You can tell everyone here
that -- All these folks in here

You can tell everyone here
that -- All these folks in here
and no one could answer the

that -- All these folks in here
and no one could answer the
phone.

and no one could answer the
phone.
Law office of Freddy Gray.

phone.
Law office of Freddy Gray.
[ Telephone rings ]

Law office of Freddy Gray.
[ Telephone rings ]
>> All right, as y'all know,

[ Telephone rings ]
>> All right, as y'all know,
we've been getting calls all day

>> All right, as y'all know,
we've been getting calls all day
about a boycott.

we've been getting calls all day
about a boycott.
Now that it's being reported

about a boycott.
Now that it's being reported
that Negroes are afraid of

Now that it's being reported
that Negroes are afraid of
what's gonna happen to them if

that Negroes are afraid of
what's gonna happen to them if
they break ranks and get on a

what's gonna happen to them if
they break ranks and get on a
bus, come Monday, we need two

they break ranks and get on a
bus, come Monday, we need two
police escorts for each bus

bus, come Monday, we need two
police escorts for each bus
driving in and out of the

police escorts for each bus
driving in and out of the
neighborhoods.

driving in and out of the
neighborhoods.
And also need additional patrols

neighborhoods.
And also need additional patrols
at all the bus stops.

And also need additional patrols
at all the bus stops.
Now, that means overtime, so

at all the bus stops.
Now, that means overtime, so
make sure you get with your

Now, that means overtime, so
make sure you get with your
supervisors for your schedules.

make sure you get with your
supervisors for your schedules.
Hey, hear this now.

supervisors for your schedules.
Hey, hear this now.
I ain't letting no mess of

Hey, hear this now.
I ain't letting no mess of
niggers disrupt our fine city.

I ain't letting no mess of
niggers disrupt our fine city.
I'm making myself clear?

niggers disrupt our fine city.
I'm making myself clear?
If we gotta, we bring out the

I'm making myself clear?
If we gotta, we bring out the
hoses and the dogs.

If we gotta, we bring out the
hoses and the dogs.
>> I'm going to head on.

hoses and the dogs.
>> I'm going to head on.
Patrick and Raymond will be here

>> I'm going to head on.
Patrick and Raymond will be here
any minute now.

Patrick and Raymond will be here
any minute now.
♪♪

any minute now.
♪♪
>> Mrs. Parks.

♪♪
>> Mrs. Parks.
I know you don't particularly

>> Mrs. Parks.
I know you don't particularly
like talking about how you're

I know you don't particularly
like talking about how you're
feeling, but are you nervous?

like talking about how you're
feeling, but are you nervous?
Because if you're feeling

feeling, but are you nervous?
Because if you're feeling
uneasy, just know that we are

Because if you're feeling
uneasy, just know that we are
all here for any --

uneasy, just know that we are
all here for any --
>> Mr. Gray.

all here for any --
>> Mr. Gray.
Please don't confuse my quiet

>> Mr. Gray.
Please don't confuse my quiet
for lack of concern.

Please don't confuse my quiet
for lack of concern.
Yes, I'm anxious.

for lack of concern.
Yes, I'm anxious.
Now, you and my husband are the

Yes, I'm anxious.
Now, you and my husband are the
only two people who know that,

Now, you and my husband are the
only two people who know that,
and I'm just saying that so you

only two people who know that,
and I'm just saying that so you
don't think I'm crazy.

and I'm just saying that so you
don't think I'm crazy.
I said it before, I do mean it.

don't think I'm crazy.
I said it before, I do mean it.
All of this is bigger than me.

I said it before, I do mean it.
All of this is bigger than me.
That's what keeps me moving.

All of this is bigger than me.
That's what keeps me moving.
Good night, Mr. Gray.

That's what keeps me moving.
Good night, Mr. Gray.
We're 40 hours away from the

Good night, Mr. Gray.
We're 40 hours away from the
boycott.

We're 40 hours away from the
boycott.
Get a wash in...

boycott.
Get a wash in...
>> [ Chuckles ]

Get a wash in...
>> [ Chuckles ]
>> ...before I have to follow

>> [ Chuckles ]
>> ...before I have to follow
you into court on Monday.

>> ...before I have to follow
you into court on Monday.
>> Good night, Mrs. Parks.

you into court on Monday.
>> Good night, Mrs. Parks.
>> Good night, Mr. Gray.

[ Banging on door ]

[ Banging continues ]

>> E.D.
>> What is it?
What happened?

>> What is it?
What happened?
>> [ Chuckles ]

What happened?
>> [ Chuckles ]
That Joe Asbell...really

>> [ Chuckles ]
That Joe Asbell...really
came through.

That Joe Asbell...really
came through.
Wrote one hell of an article,

came through.
Wrote one hell of an article,
citing all the past arrests,

Wrote one hell of an article,
citing all the past arrests,
past citations, and even

citing all the past arrests,
past citations, and even
explaining that we are planning

past citations, and even
explaining that we are planning
a peaceful protest.

explaining that we are planning
a peaceful protest.
>> Front page.

a peaceful protest.
>> Front page.
>> Didn't you want this run on

>> Front page.
>> Didn't you want this run on
Monday after it was done?

>> Didn't you want this run on
Monday after it was done?
>> Oh, yes, yes.

Monday after it was done?
>> Oh, yes, yes.
But I thought that small, old

>> Oh, yes, yes.
But I thought that small, old
negative article was gonna

But I thought that small, old
negative article was gonna
hurt us.

negative article was gonna
hurt us.
But instead [chuckles] we got

hurt us.
But instead [chuckles] we got
twice as many calls of support

But instead [chuckles] we got
twice as many calls of support
than we had before.

twice as many calls of support
than we had before.
This right here -- this is gonna

than we had before.
This right here -- this is gonna
reach everyone, all the peoples.

This right here -- this is gonna
reach everyone, all the peoples.
[ Laughs ]

reach everyone, all the peoples.
[ Laughs ]
You really started something,

[ Laughs ]
You really started something,
Rosa.

You really started something,
Rosa.
Yes, sir.

Rosa.
Yes, sir.
By the way, you ready for

Yes, sir.
By the way, you ready for
tomorrow?

By the way, you ready for
tomorrow?
>> We're ready.

tomorrow?
>> We're ready.
>> What you're doing for us

>> We're ready.
>> What you're doing for us
takes a very special kind of

>> What you're doing for us
takes a very special kind of
courage.

takes a very special kind of
courage.
All right. All right, now.

>> This is the new, condensed
handbill.
Looks like we're having a lot

handbill.
Looks like we're having a lot
more support than we had

Looks like we're having a lot
more support than we had
expected, with many church

more support than we had
expected, with many church
leaders promising to speak to

expected, with many church
leaders promising to speak to
their congregation during

leaders promising to speak to
their congregation during
Sunday ser-- Mama.

their congregation during
Sunday ser-- Mama.
>> [ Sighs ]

Sunday ser-- Mama.
>> [ Sighs ]
My mother was five years old

>> [ Sighs ]
My mother was five years old
when slavery ended, but she

My mother was five years old
when slavery ended, but she
didn't see much change.

when slavery ended, but she
didn't see much change.
They lived on the same

didn't see much change.
They lived on the same
plantation that she was born on.

They lived on the same
plantation that she was born on.
No money, no property.

plantation that she was born on.
No money, no property.
Living was about surviving.

No money, no property.
Living was about surviving.
And that's all.

Living was about surviving.
And that's all.
And slavery -- slavery was

And that's all.
And slavery -- slavery was
imprisonment, and every part of

And slavery -- slavery was
imprisonment, and every part of
their lives was at the mercy of

imprisonment, and every part of
their lives was at the mercy of
others -- when to rise, when to

their lives was at the mercy of
others -- when to rise, when to
sleep, when to eat, when to

others -- when to rise, when to
sleep, when to eat, when to
relieve themselves, when and if

sleep, when to eat, when to
relieve themselves, when and if
to live or die.

relieve themselves, when and if
to live or die.
So, you see, nowadays people --

to live or die.
So, you see, nowadays people --
people look at what they have

So, you see, nowadays people --
people look at what they have
and they say, "Yes, this is

people look at what they have
and they say, "Yes, this is
enough.

and they say, "Yes, this is
enough.
On this, I can -- I can get by."

enough.
On this, I can -- I can get by."
And that's because they remember

On this, I can -- I can get by."
And that's because they remember
what it was like in the past and

And that's because they remember
what it was like in the past and
they remember that this is much

what it was like in the past and
they remember that this is much
better than living in chains.

they remember that this is much
better than living in chains.
So, you see, not everyone is

better than living in chains.
So, you see, not everyone is
going to step up and stand by

So, you see, not everyone is
going to step up and stand by
you.

going to step up and stand by
you.
>> But they must see that these

you.
>> But they must see that these
injustices are not just a

>> But they must see that these
injustices are not just a
bother, they're an impediment to

injustices are not just a
bother, they're an impediment to
our future.

bother, they're an impediment to
our future.
If we don't stand up against

our future.
If we don't stand up against
them now, we will remain where

If we don't stand up against
them now, we will remain where
we are today.

them now, we will remain where
we are today.
We have to move forward.

we are today.
We have to move forward.
>> Rosa, hear me.

We have to move forward.
>> Rosa, hear me.
Your cause is an honorable one.

>> Rosa, hear me.
Your cause is an honorable one.
Your cause is a worthy one.

Your cause is an honorable one.
Your cause is a worthy one.
Our people need women like you.

Your cause is a worthy one.
Our people need women like you.
But you are my only daughter and

Our people need women like you.
But you are my only daughter and
if anything happens to you, my

But you are my only daughter and
if anything happens to you, my
life will end.

if anything happens to you, my
life will end.
I love you and I don't know what

life will end.
I love you and I don't know what
cause could be bigger than you

I love you and I don't know what
cause could be bigger than you
are to me.

cause could be bigger than you
are to me.
>> I understand.

are to me.
>> I understand.
I-I do, but -- but this is who

>> I understand.
I-I do, but -- but this is who
you taught me to be.

I-I do, but -- but this is who
you taught me to be.
>> I am afraid for you, but...

you taught me to be.
>> I am afraid for you, but...
from fear, we rise.

>> I am afraid for you, but...
from fear, we rise.
♪♪

from fear, we rise.
♪♪
[ Sighs ] All right.

♪♪
[ Sighs ] All right.
>> Mama was right.

[ Sighs ] All right.
>> Mama was right.
From fear, we do rise.

>> Mama was right.
From fear, we do rise.
And through example, we inspire.

From fear, we do rise.
And through example, we inspire.
♪♪

And through example, we inspire.
♪♪
People don't always have the

♪♪
People don't always have the
courage to do what's right or

People don't always have the
courage to do what's right or
stand with what's right when

courage to do what's right or
stand with what's right when
they think that they are alone,

stand with what's right when
they think that they are alone,
but courage can come when we

they think that they are alone,
but courage can come when we
stand together...as one.

but courage can come when we
stand together...as one.
♪♪

stand together...as one.
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
[ Indistinct conversations ]

♪♪
[ Indistinct conversations ]
♪♪

[ Indistinct conversations ]
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
>> My name is Raymond Parks, and

♪♪
>> My name is Raymond Parks, and
my wife, Mrs. Rosa Parks, is the

>> My name is Raymond Parks, and
my wife, Mrs. Rosa Parks, is the
defendant.

Thank you, officer.
>> I was praying for a guilty
verdict, even though I knew I

>> I was praying for a guilty
verdict, even though I knew I
was innocent.

verdict, even though I knew I
was innocent.
>> All rise.

was innocent.
>> All rise.
>> We needed to lose here in

>> All rise.
>> We needed to lose here in
order to win in the higher

>> We needed to lose here in
order to win in the higher
court.

>> Yes, sir.
Um, well, we got a call saying
that there was a colored woman

Um, well, we got a call saying
that there was a colored woman
sitting in the white section on

that there was a colored woman
sitting in the white section on
the bus.

sitting in the white section on
the bus.
>> We had the seats marked

the bus.
>> We had the seats marked
and -- and -- and had an

>> We had the seats marked
and -- and -- and had an
unexpected group of -- of

and -- and -- and had an
unexpected group of -- of
Caucasians come in and -- and I

unexpected group of -- of
Caucasians come in and -- and I
needed to make some room in the

Caucasians come in and -- and I
needed to make some room in the
se-- in the bus and asked, you

needed to make some room in the
se-- in the bus and asked, you
know, for them to make some

se-- in the bus and asked, you
know, for them to make some
room.

know, for them to make some
room.
And everybody did except her.

room.
And everybody did except her.
>> Bus driver, Mr. Blake, got

And everybody did except her.
>> Bus driver, Mr. Blake, got
off and he pointed out the

>> Bus driver, Mr. Blake, got
off and he pointed out the
defendant.

off and he pointed out the
defendant.
>> Had a discussion with the

defendant.
>> Had a discussion with the
driver and stepped on and

>> Had a discussion with the
driver and stepped on and
removed [clears throat]

driver and stepped on and
removed [clears throat]
removed the woman.

removed [clears throat]
removed the woman.
>> Mr. Blake confronted the

removed the woman.
>> Mr. Blake confronted the
defendant.

>> Mr. Blake confronted the
defendant.
She became indignant.

defendant.
She became indignant.
>> Not argumentive.

She became indignant.
>> Not argumentive.
She never really raised her

>> Not argumentive.
She never really raised her
voice.

She never really raised her
voice.
We never had an argument.

voice.
We never had an argument.
She just wouldn't do what I

We never had an argument.
She just wouldn't do what I
asked her to do.

She just wouldn't do what I
asked her to do.
>> And I -- And I would say she

asked her to do.
>> And I -- And I would say she
was defiant.

>> And I -- And I would say she
was defiant.
>> No, sir.

was defiant.
>> No, sir.
Uh, verbal force, maybe, but

>> No, sir.
Uh, verbal force, maybe, but
she -- she ultimately

Uh, verbal force, maybe, but
she -- she ultimately
cooperated.

she -- she ultimately
cooperated.
>> I'd seen her on the bus

cooperated.
>> I'd seen her on the bus
before, you know, but never had

>> I'd seen her on the bus
before, you know, but never had
any trouble out of her before.

before, you know, but never had
any trouble out of her before.
>> Why do we have to disrupt the

any trouble out of her before.
>> Why do we have to disrupt the
peace of society?

>> Why do we have to disrupt the
peace of society?
I do not understand that.

peace of society?
I do not understand that.
>> Just kind of following

I do not understand that.
>> Just kind of following
orders.

>> Just kind of following
orders.
[ Indistinct chatter ]

orders.
[ Indistinct chatter ]
>> Will the defendant please

[ Indistinct chatter ]
>> Will the defendant please
rise?

>> Will the defendant please
rise?
Mrs. Rosa Parks, you are hereby

rise?
Mrs. Rosa Parks, you are hereby
found guilty of failure to

Mrs. Rosa Parks, you are hereby
found guilty of failure to
comply with Chapter 6, Section

found guilty of failure to
comply with Chapter 6, Section
11 of the Montgomery City Code.

comply with Chapter 6, Section
11 of the Montgomery City Code.
I hereby fine you...$10.

11 of the Montgomery City Code.
I hereby fine you...$10.
Pay the clerk.

I hereby fine you...$10.
Pay the clerk.
[ Gavel bangs ]

Pay the clerk.
[ Gavel bangs ]
♪♪

[ Gavel bangs ]
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
♪♪

[ Insects chirping ]
>> Want to start off by saying
good evening...

>> Want to start off by saying
good evening...
>> Good evening.

good evening...
>> Good evening.
>> ...to all the brothers and

>> Good evening.
>> ...to all the brothers and
sisters.

>> ...to all the brothers and
sisters.
Those of you joining us for the

sisters.
Those of you joining us for the
first time in this house of the

Those of you joining us for the
first time in this house of the
Lord, Holt Baptist Church, thank

first time in this house of the
Lord, Holt Baptist Church, thank
you for coming tonight.

Lord, Holt Baptist Church, thank
you for coming tonight.
This is a special night not only

you for coming tonight.
This is a special night not only
in this church, not only in this

This is a special night not only
in this church, not only in this
community, but we're hoping that

in this church, not only in this
community, but we're hoping that
tonight begins something

community, but we're hoping that
tonight begins something
special.

tonight begins something
special.
[ Applause ]

special.
[ Applause ]
Something -- Something that will

[ Applause ]
Something -- Something that will
affect us, our children, and our

Something -- Something that will
affect us, our children, and our
grandchildren.

affect us, our children, and our
grandchildren.
So, please, show some love and

grandchildren.
So, please, show some love and
pay very, very close attention

So, please, show some love and
pay very, very close attention
to the words you're about to

pay very, very close attention
to the words you're about to
hear tonight from the man I'm

to the words you're about to
hear tonight from the man I'm
about to bring up here --

hear tonight from the man I'm
about to bring up here --
Reverend King.

about to bring up here --
Reverend King.
[ Cheers and applause ]

>> Evening.
We have...
brothers and sisters --

We have...
brothers and sisters --
we have, as a people, been on a

brothers and sisters --
we have, as a people, been on a
journey, a journey that, for a

we have, as a people, been on a
journey, a journey that, for a
great many years of our history,

journey, a journey that, for a
great many years of our history,
has passed through the valley of

great many years of our history,
has passed through the valley of
the shadow of death.

has passed through the valley of
the shadow of death.
[ Crowd murmurs in agreement ]

the shadow of death.
[ Crowd murmurs in agreement ]
For much of that time, we have

[ Crowd murmurs in agreement ]
For much of that time, we have
been bound in chains.

For much of that time, we have
been bound in chains.
We crossed an ocean in chains.

been bound in chains.
We crossed an ocean in chains.
We arrived in chains.

We crossed an ocean in chains.
We arrived in chains.
>> Hmm, come on. Preach.

We arrived in chains.
>> Hmm, come on. Preach.
>> And although it has not been

>> Hmm, come on. Preach.
>> And although it has not been
that long ago that we were

>> And although it has not been
that long ago that we were
relieved of our shackles, we now

that long ago that we were
relieved of our shackles, we now
live in chains.

relieved of our shackles, we now
live in chains.
[ Crowd murmurs in agreement ]

live in chains.
[ Crowd murmurs in agreement ]
You may not feel the clasp

[ Crowd murmurs in agreement ]
You may not feel the clasp
around your ankles, you may not

You may not feel the clasp
around your ankles, you may not
feel the binding of your wrists,

around your ankles, you may not
feel the binding of your wrists,
but I am here to tell you that

feel the binding of your wrists,
but I am here to tell you that
until we are afforded true

but I am here to tell you that
until we are afforded true
freedom, until the water

until we are afforded true
freedom, until the water
fountains of Alabama, until the

freedom, until the water
fountains of Alabama, until the
buses of Montgomery no longer

fountains of Alabama, until the
buses of Montgomery no longer
separate their citizens by the

buses of Montgomery no longer
separate their citizens by the
color of their skin...

separate their citizens by the
color of their skin...
[ Crowd murmurs in agreement ]

color of their skin...
[ Crowd murmurs in agreement ]
...our journey to freedom is not

[ Crowd murmurs in agreement ]
...our journey to freedom is not
yet complete.

...our journey to freedom is not
yet complete.
This journey will not be an easy

yet complete.
This journey will not be an easy
one.

This journey will not be an easy
one.
It is a journey that we must

one.
It is a journey that we must
take together...for we have only

It is a journey that we must
take together...for we have only
gotten this far because of the

take together...for we have only
gotten this far because of the
sacrifices of those who came

gotten this far because of the
sacrifices of those who came
before us.

sacrifices of those who came
before us.
I stand here tonight in this

before us.
I stand here tonight in this
most holy of places...

I stand here tonight in this
most holy of places...
because Mrs. Rosa Parks was

most holy of places...
because Mrs. Rosa Parks was
brave enough to set aside her

because Mrs. Rosa Parks was
brave enough to set aside her
own fears and take a stand

brave enough to set aside her
own fears and take a stand
against injustice.

own fears and take a stand
against injustice.
[ Crowd murmurs in agreement ]

against injustice.
[ Crowd murmurs in agreement ]
[ Applause ]

Today, we stood side by side in
peaceful protest against the
discriminatory practices of this

peaceful protest against the
discriminatory practices of this
city's bus rules.

discriminatory practices of this
city's bus rules.
But it does not end here.

city's bus rules.
But it does not end here.
We must continue this journey,

But it does not end here.
We must continue this journey,
for there comes a time when we

We must continue this journey,
for there comes a time when we
can no longer bear the weight of

for there comes a time when we
can no longer bear the weight of
the oppressor upon our backs.

can no longer bear the weight of
the oppressor upon our backs.
There comes a time when we can

the oppressor upon our backs.
There comes a time when we can
no longer stand idly by waiting

There comes a time when we can
no longer stand idly by waiting
for the tides of change to pull

no longer stand idly by waiting
for the tides of change to pull
us into our freedom.

for the tides of change to pull
us into our freedom.
There comes a time when, even

us into our freedom.
There comes a time when, even
with the burdening weight of

There comes a time when, even
with the burdening weight of
injustice upon us, we must

with the burdening weight of
injustice upon us, we must
gather the strength to stand.

injustice upon us, we must
gather the strength to stand.
And in standing, we will break

gather the strength to stand.
And in standing, we will break
these chains and we will rise in

And in standing, we will break
these chains and we will rise in
the light of our true freedom.

these chains and we will rise in
the light of our true freedom.
[ Applause ]

the light of our true freedom.
[ Applause ]
♪♪

[ Applause ]
♪♪
♪♪

♪♪
♪♪
♪♪

>> Until that moment, it truly

did not dawn on me that my one

act had created a shift in the

tapestry of this nation.

And with the brilliant

leadership of the young

Reverend King, who would rise as

Dr. King, that very night helped

launch the civil rights

movement, which changed our

country and inspired the world.

♪♪

♪♪