Anita (2013) - full transcript
ANITA tells the story about a young, brilliant African American Anita Hill who accuses the Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas of unwanted sexual advances during explosive Senate Hearings in 1991 and ignites a political firestorm about sexual harassment, race, power and politics that resonates 20 years later today. ANITA is a dramatic look at the consequences to a private citizen acting out of a civic duty to 'speak truth to power.' For the first time on film Anita Hills speaks about her experience in the Senate Hearings, her impact on issues of sexual harassment, workplace rights for women and men, social justice and equality. The film is about the empowerment of girls and women, and men, through the extraordinary story of Anita Hill.
Good morning, Anita Hill.
It's Ginni Thomas,
and I just wanted
to reach across the airwaves
and the years
and ask you
to consider something.
I would love you to consider
an apology sometime
and some full explanation
of why you did
what you did with my husband.
So, give it some thought.
I certainly pray about this
and hope that one day
you'll help us understand
why you did what you did.
Okay.
Have a good day.
Can you tell the committee
what was the most embarrassing
of all the incidences
that you have alleged?
I think the one that
was the most embarrassing
was his discussion
of pornography
involving these women
with large breasts
engaged in a variety of sex
with different people
or animals.
That was the thing that made
me feel the most humiliated.
He got up from the table,
looked at the can and asked
"Who has put pubic hair
on my coke?"
On other occasions,
he referred
to the size of his own penis
as being larger than normal.
I was threatened,
that sexual violence
threatens my job.
Bomb threats to my house,
packages that were viable.
This is where I got
the voicemail message
from Ginni Thomas.
But it was still quite
shocking to come
and actually sit at my desk
and be at the phone
and hear this voice.
You know, I, frankly thought
this has got to be
somebody impersonating her.
But either way I thought,
whether it's her
or someone impersonating her,
this is an important call.
After all, I thought, you know,
if this is someone
really trying to get
a witness to change
her sworn testimony,
we ought to know about it
and we ought to know
who's doing it.
And I am very proud indeed
to nominate him
for this position
and I trust that the senate
will confirm
this able man promptly.
I expected to be a part
of the vetting process.
When I heard
about the nomination,
it was the summer time
and it was a typical
hot summer in Oklahoma.
The school session was out.
The FBI and the background
checks were very extensive.
You know, anybody and everybody,
especially who's ever worked
with a person will get a call.
And that's what
I expected to happen.
Once I got the call
specifically directed at me
from the Senate itself,
once that call came,
I knew what I had to do.
We understand that you
experienced sexual harassment
at the hands of Clarence Thomas.
That was what I answered.
More specifically
about the behavior.
Pressuring for dates,
the sex talk in the workplace,
the feeling that my job
was really in jeopardy.
But that was also,
what I said, you know,
I really would like to have
a chance to do a statement
in my own words.
I don't want this to be
a political witch hunt.
And I sent it in believing
that it would be confidential,
but believing that the senators
would take it into account.
I suspected that there
would be other women.
And that they needed to...
To really fully investigate it
and not just rely
on my statement.
And so I sent it in with my name
and it was leaked.
Good evening, from Congress
to the White House
to the workplace,
the sexual harassment storm
around Clarence Thomas
is intensifying.
The battle over his
Supreme Court nomination
has now triggered
a nationwide debate
about sexual harassment
on the job.
We are outraged that the senate
is not taking seriously,
these allegations of sexual
harassment of a black woman.
Most of us don't understand,
what sexual harassment is.
And if you're sexual harassed,
you ought to get mad about it
and you ought to do
something about it
and you ought to complain.
Instead of hanging around
a long time
and then all of a sudden
calling up anonymously and say,
"I want to complain."
I still think they should
investigate further
just because he's gonna be
a Supreme Court justice
and he's gonna be
making decisions
that's gonna affect
the entire country.
I felt that as a citizen,
as an individual
who had information
that it was my obligation
when approached to come forward
and I did that.
Mrs. Hill, by coming forward,
have you been a victim twice?
You know, I hate to use
those kinds of terms.
Reliving this experience has...
I mean, it has been
really bad for me.
I mean, it's...
I can't even describe.
It was bad enough
to experience it once.
It is an unpleasant issue.
It's an ugly issue.
And people don't want
to deal with it generally
and in particular in this case.
Until I wrote that statement
to the Senate,
I really hadn't allowed myself
to sit down and put together
all the details
of what had happened.
And how awful it was
and how painful it was
for me to have to leave work
that I loved
in order to escape it.
No comment.
Thank you.
I don't have any comments,
thank you.
I really just want to go in
to teach my class.
I can talk to you
about contracts
if anybody's interested.
Even after it was leaked,
no one on that committee...
They had voted it out.
They were not interested
in hearing from me.
But they started
hearing from the public.
Stop Thomas now!
Stop Thomas now!
Stop Thomas now!
Stop Thomas now!
Stop Thomas now!
And now we're going over
to tell the Senate
that we are enraged.
Women like Eleanor Holmes Norton
and Patricia Schroeder
marched over to the Senate
and got turned away
by the Sergeant at Arms,
because they were out of order
going over to the Senate side.
Um, that, the pressure
that they began to exert
and then the public followed.
And said, "You have
to reconvene the hearing."
I think America's women
really want to see this body
start doing something
for them than to them.
To any victim
of sexual harassment
or sexual abuse
or sexual violence
either in the street
or even in their own home,
the message is, nobody's
gonna take you seriously,
not even
the United States Senate.
Once I did get
the phone call from Joe Biden
and found out
that I was going to testify,
that I was gonna be subpoenaed,
I was trying to figure out
what I was going to do.
I had no idea
what I was gonna get into.
As a private citizen,
I was watching this
on television.
I was watching it
in the newspapers.
I was totally disconnected,
I mean, literally in the middle
of the country in Oklahoma
from what was going on
in Washington, D.C.
Sexual harassment
is a serious matter.
This is a hearing convened
for a specific purpose.
To air specific allegations
against one specific individual.
Allegations which may be true
or may not be true.
I didn't expect
any part of the investigation
of a Supreme Court nominee
to be partisan.
I assumed that everybody
on the Senate
Judiciary Committee
wanted to make sure
that they were putting
somebody who was
ultimately qualified
and who was
of the highest integrity.
She just had no idea
that she was walking
into the political lions den
and that supporters
of Justice Thomas
would be out to shred
her credibility.
Welcome, Professor Hill.
It literally
didn't to occur to her
that an opposition campaign
would be waged against her.
Mr. Chairman,
Senator Thurmond,
members of the Committee,
my name is Anita F. Hill
and I am a professor of law
at the University of Oklahoma.
I was born on a farm
in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma.
I am the youngest
of 13 children.
My purpose was to
as clearly as possible
tell the Senate about behavior
that I had experienced
at the hand of Clarence Thomas.
I couldn't say,
"Well, I'm gonna prove
sexual harassment."
I couldn't do that.
I could say,
"This is what I'm gonna do.
I'm gonna tell
what happened to me."
In 1981, I was introduced
to now Judge Thomas
by a mutual friend.
He was, in fact,
appointed as Assistant Secretary
of Education for Civil Rights.
He asked
if I would become his assistant
and I accepted that position.
After approximately
three months of working there
he asked me to go out socially
with him.
What happened next
and telling the world about it
are the two
most difficult things,
experiences of my life.
It would have been more
comfortable to remain silent.
But when I was asked
by a representative
of this committee
to report my experience...
I felt that I had
to tell the truth.
I could not keep silent.
Can you tell me
what incidences occurred
of the ones
you've described to us
occurred in his office?
Well, I recall specifically
that the incident
about the coke can
occurred in his office
at the EEOC.
And what was
that incident again?
The incident
with regard to the coke can
that's spelled out
in my statement.
Would you describe it
once again for me, please?
The... Um, incident involved
his going to his desk,
getting up from a work table,
going to his desk,
looking at this can and saying,
"Who put pubic hair
on my coke?"
Was anyone else
in his office at the time?
No.
Again, it's difficult,
but for the record,
what substance did he bring up
in this instance
at EEOC in his office?
What was the content
of what he said?
Well, this was a reference
to an individual
who, um, had a very large penis.
And he used the name that he had
been referred to in the pro...
Pornographic material.
Um.
Do you recall what it was?
Yes, I do.
Um, the name that was referred
to was "Long Dong Silver."
I mean, it was awful.
And it was, it was awful,
it was disappointing
and I had to deal
with all those emotions
and then try to stay focused
on why I was there.
Why I knew I was there.
The issues that you raised
about Judge Thomas,
you referred to
as an ugly issue.
Is that how you viewed
these conversations?
Yes, they were very ugly.
They were very dirty and the...
They were disgusting.
Now, again, for the record,
did he just say...
"I have great physical
capabilities and attributes."
Or was he more graphic than...
He was much more graphic.
Can you tell us what he said?
Well, I can tell you that
he compared his penis size.
He measured his penis
in terms of le-length,
um, those kinds of comments.
The spectacle of those hearings,
in some ways was created
by the all white male
judiciary committee.
Clumsily trying to ask questions
about what was then
not a familiar subject,
sexual harassment.
It was unusual in how graphic
the details were and strange.
The whole country
was k-kind of going places
that it hadn't been
together before.
I can remember
in that hearing room
which is like Rococo
and very beautiful
and thinking when I heard
the words pubic hair
said in this setting that just
seemed truly a bit surreal.
But in order to speak
to the facts of who said what,
you know, those details
did come pouring out.
But they all looked rather
foolish talking about things
like "Long Dong Silver"
and other matters.
That the most embarrassing
question involved...
This is not too bad,
women's large breasts.
That's a word we use
all the time.
That was the most
embarrassing aspect
of what Judge Thomas
had said to you?
No, the most embarrassing aspect
was his description
of the acts of
these individuals, these women.
The acts
that those particular people
would engage in.
It wasn't just the breasts,
it was...
They thought that
the more they pressed
on these details and got
Anita Hill to repeat them,
the more absurd
and made up they would seem.
I think they were trying
to trip her up because they,
like, couldn't believe things
like this would
or could be said.
They were humiliating her a little bit too
by making her go over this
again and again and again.
And she was
an interesting witness.
I mean she was
so calm and poised.
I noticed there are a number of
people sitting behind you.
Are any of them
your family members
you'd like to introduce?
Well, actually,
my family members
haven't arrived yet.
Yes, they have.
They're outside the door.
They weren't here
for my statement.
Well, we will,
make room for your family
to be able to sit down.
It's a very large family,
Senator.
When they walked
through that door,
I knew that I had what it would
take to get through that day,
however long it lasted.
At the time my parents were 79
and lived
a pretty sheltered life.
But it didn't matter.
What really mattered
to them was that
their daughter was going
to be questioned under oath.
She had always told me
throughout my life
that I was stubborn.
And so, I knew I was stubborn.
Because she had told me
I was stubborn
and at that point,
it paid to be stubborn.
This is not too bad,
I can read it.
Thomas liked to discuss
specific sex acts
and frequency of sex.
Close quote.
Now, are you saying,
in response to my questions
to why you didn't tell the FBI
about the size
of his private parts
and his sexual prowess
and "Long John Silver"
that that information
was comprehended
within the statement,
quote, Thomas liked
to discuss specific "sext" act...
Sex acts and frequency of sex?
I am not saying that
that information
was included in that...
Senator Specter,
he took an adversarial role.
It was clear that Specter had
come in with a closed mind.
He wasn't open
to hearing the facts.
That was really,
a real disappointment,
I think, to people.
They didn't understand.
In fact, they thought
that I was on trial.
But when you testified that,
as I wrote it down,
quote, we ought to look
at pornographic movies together.
That was an expression of
what was in your mind that he...
That was the inference
that I drew, yes, when his...
With his pre-pressing me
for social engagements, yes.
That that was something
he might have wanted you to do,
but the fact is flatly,
he never asked you to look
at pornographic movies with him.
With him, no he did not.
Well, I do think they thought,
maybe we can just wear her down
if we keep asking questions
and keep badgering.
Maybe, you know,
she'll give us something
that we'll be able to take out
and, you know, use against her.
We all came together
'cause we were
concerned about her.
The reason I got involved,
it was pretty amazing.
If you look around Anita Hill,
even if you look
at the photograph
of those who volunteered
to help her,
there were no black men
who supported her publicly.
In fact, some had tried
to persuade her
to not testify
against Clarence Thomas.
You don't do that to a brother.
And she says, "What?
Look what happened to me."
It was sort of a startling
revelation to me
that here's a woman
who has been harassed
much of her professional life
and has had to keep it a secret
like so many thousands of women
around the country.
And I thought it was important
that I stood with her,
that I wouldn't want it
to happen to my wife,
to my mother, to my daughter.
And so that to me
was an important step.
When you're talking
about a handful of middle aged
and older men
who just were uncomfortable
with this subject matter.
Ted Kennedy, his own life
was so compromise,
that he could barely speak up.
I mean, and there were
Saturday Night Live skits
about him with a paper bag
on this head.
The Democrats really
didn't rescue Anita Hill
as they could have.
And the Republicans were busy
basically disemboweling her.
There you have
the Chairman of the EEOC,
the Nation's chief
law enforcement officer
of sexual harassment.
And here you have a lawyer
who's an expert in this field,
later goes on
to teach civil rights
and has a dedication
to making sure
that women are not
discriminated against.
How could he allow this kind of
reprehensible conduct to go on
right in the headquarters
without doing
something about it?
Well, it was a very trying
and difficult decision for me
not to say anything further.
I can only say that
when I made the decision
to just withdraw
from the situation
and not press a claim
or charge against him,
that I may have, shirked a duty,
a responsibility that I had.
I remember at the time
there were very few
of these cases
that had been heard by judges.
Judges, even though
the laws weren't above,
were very resistant to them.
Most of us resisted
and gave every impression
that these advances
were unwanted.
But most of us
did not file a complaint
against our harassers.
We look for better work
most of the time.
In trying to determine...
whether you had telling
falsehoods or not...
I've got to determine
what your motivation might be.
Are you a scorned woman?
No.
Do you have a martyr complex?
No, I don't.
Well, do you see
that coming out of this
that you can be a hero...
in the civil rights movement?
I do not have
that kind of complex.
I don't like all of
the attention that I'm getting.
I don't... I... I would not,
even if I liked the attention,
I would not lie
to get attention.
And the impression is that,
is he giving her a hard time?
No, he was asking her
the questions
that somebody sitting in
Alabama or Mississippi
or South Carolina or Oklahoma
might want to hear.
Why are you doing this?
That's that was his question,
why are you doing this?
Who are you?
And that was her chance to say,
I'm none of those things.
I'm a law professor,
I love my students,
I want to teach them the law.
Did they ask you if you'd be
willing to take a polygraph?
They asked if I would be
willing to take a polygraph.
And what did you say?
I answered yes.
The issue became my character
as opposed to the character
of the nominee.
When a student happened to say
that he saw pubic hairs
in an exam,
that's just below the belt.
They went
to the ends of the earth
to find dirt on Anita Hill.
I mean, they were digging
through students
she'd had in-in law school
and these were these kids joking
about how there might be pubes
in their term papers.
Next thing they knew,
there were people calling
from the US Senate
wanting affidavits
so they could get
the alleged pube
and put it under a microscope.
Miss Hill's
character and credibility
has been assailed
from the beginning.
It was my judgment,
given the accusations
that had been made
over the last few days
about fantasy, about grudges,
about being a martyr,
about light skinned
versus black skinned women,
that this has just gone
too far...
We knew that
there's no saving this.
This is just a charade.
We weren't going to be able
to put on witnesses,
we weren't going to be able
to do anything in the Senate.
That's why we said,
let's go get a polygraph test.
Let's have our hearing outside
and let the public know that.
Are you lying to me
about the various topics
that Clarence Thomas
mentioned to you
regarding specific sexual acts?
Are you lying to me
about Clarence Thomas
making reference,
references to you
about the size of his penis?
And it was my opinion
that there was no indication
of deception to any of
those relevant questions.
I would call home
every night to check in.
My daughter was
just 12 years old.
They said she wanted
to talk to me.
I said, "Rashida,
what are you doing up,
close to midnight
on the Sunday night?"
She said, "Daddy,
I was watching the hearing."
I said, "Rashida, you shouldn't
be watching this."
"Well, I just wanted
to tell you."
"Tell me what?"
"I believe Anita."
And that to me
brought it all home.
I hope we're not going to hear
a lot more comments
about fantasy stories.
Or how there've been attempts
in the eleventh hour
to derail this, this nomination.
I hope we can clear this room
of the dirt and innuendo
and I hope
we're gonna be sensitive
to the attempts of character
assassination on Professor Hill.
They're unworthy.
But let me tell ya,
if what you say this man
said to you occurred,
why in God's name,
when he left
his position of power
or status or authority over you,
and you left it in 1983,
why in God's name
would you ever speak
to a man like that
the rest of your life?
That's a very good question.
And I'm sure
that I cannot answer
that to your satisfaction.
I really loved the work
that I was doing
and I loved the chance to work
on issues where there was...
There were age discrimination,
tasteless or race
discrimination cases,
gender in the employment arena.
And that's why
I went to the EEOC.
At the time
that I moved to the EEOC,
the behavior had stopped.
And that's all I wanted.
People misunderstand that
harassment is about the sex.
It's really about control
and power and abusing it.
Do you think
that he got some pleasure
out of seeing you ill
at ease and vulnerable?
I think so, yes.
Was this feeling more so than
the feeling that you might...
That he might be seeking
some type of dating
or social relationship with?
I think it was
a combination of factors.
I think that he wanted
to see me vulnerable
and that if I were vulnerable,
then he could extract from me
whatever he wanted.
Whether it was sexual
or otherwise
that I would be at his,
under his control.
I just answered the questions
and really said,
you know,
it's not gonna last forever.
You did not characterize
Judge Thomas's conduct
as sexual harassment
when you gave the statement
to the FBI, correct?
Well, Senator, I guess
I'm not making myself clear.
I was not raising a legal claim
in either of my statements.
I was not raising a legal claim.
I was attempting
to inform about conduct.
I did find it shocking.
What I got was questions
that really weren't
very well informed
on the one hand and then,
questions that were hostile
on the other.
So that you are
not now drawing a conclusion
that Judge Thomas
sexually harassed you?
Yes, I am drawing
that conclusion.
Well, then, I don't understand.
- Pardon me?
- That I don't understand.
Well, let me
try to explain again.
I expected them
to be better informed.
There were experts
who offered to testify
about women's experiences
in the workplace
who could have
helped the staffers
prepare the senators.
It seems to me that the behavior
has to be evaluated
on it's own
with regard to the fitness
of this individual
to act
as an associate of justice.
And the reasons we're here
is that it's very difficult
for some of our colleagues
to deal with issues
of sexual harassment.
Sexual harassment
is painful, it exists,
it's real, it's not imaginary.
There's not only
a gender gap in our country,
there's a gender chasm.
Sexual harassment
is every bit as evil
as any other type
of unethical conduct.
Did you discuss it
with anybody at that time?
Yes, I did.
One thing Anita told me
that struck me particularly
and that I remember
almost verbatim was that
Mr. Thomas had said to her,
"You know if you had witnesses,
you'd have a perfect case
against me."
Anita Hill told me
that she was upset
because her boss
was making sexual advances
towards her.
I saw the news stories
about Anita Hill.
And I instantly remembered
the fact that she had told me
about her dealings
with Clarence Thomas.
I remember saying to myself,
she's about to get creamed.
I remember this because
I don't use creamed,
it's not a word I use a lot.
But it... that came out that way
in my own mind.
She's about to get creamed
and I feel really bad for her.
In the fall of 1982,
Professor Hill shared with me
in confidence
the fact that she considered
Judge Thomas's behavior
toward her in the office
to be inappropriate.
She did tell me
they were sexual in nature.
I remember
talking to her by telephone
while she was in the hospital.
And she explained to me
that what she was suffering
from appeared to be job related,
job stress related.
And taking this phone call
from her.
And she was in a bad mood
and prodding her to tell me
what was bothering her.
Professor Hill
responded reluctantly
and with obvious emotion
and embarrassment
that she had been
sexually harassed
by her supervisor at the EEOC.
It was so absurd,
the idea that
the head of the EEOC
would engage
in sexual harassment.
I'm not sure I know what...
What is
and isn't sexual harassment,
but the idea
that they would engage in
what seemed like repeated,
unwanted advances...
Um, was just so incredible.
I wonder
how many tens of thousands,
of millions of men
in this country,
work for a boss who treats them
like a lackey,
tells them to do certain things
and stay on the job.
And we never ask why does
that man stay on the job?
My mother told me,
um, and I'm sure
Anita's mother told her
when you leave, make sure
you leave friends behind
because you don't know
who you may need later on.
And so you at least
want to be cordial.
I know I get Christmas cards
from people
that I don't see from one end
of the year to the other
and quite frankly,
do not wish to.
And I also return their cards
and will return their calls.
And so you grit your teeth
and you do it.
Did she ever indicate to you
that she was a zealous
cause person?
I am a...
I am a corporate,
sort of a Wall Street lawyer,
by profession and...
And I would consider myself
a militant compared
to Anita Hill.
If someone had asked me
a few weeks ago,
I would say that I could imagine
Professor Hill coming
before this committee
in a very different capacity
as a judicial nominee herself.
I think her opportunities
for that now have,
have been destroyed.
I think she paid a big price.
She said what she said.
I and it turned out
three other people at least
had heard the same story
seven years ago.
And I couldn't figure
how anyone could reconcile it
otherwise than being the truth.
Why would someone
make up this story
in order to use it
seven years later?
It just...
I couldn't understand it.
This wasn't about the truth,
it was about winning.
And that's it...
Well, it's about politics
which is always true
about Washington.
Do you have anything
to gain by coming here?
Has anybody promised you
anything by coming forth
with this story now?
I have not gained anything
except for knowing
that I came forward
and did, what I felt
that I had an obligation to do
and that was to tell the truth.
And my last question.
Would your life be simpler,
quieter
and far more private
had you never come forth at all?
Yes.
Norman, Oklahoma
is a much simpler,
quieter place
than this room today.
Do you think
now having told your side
and responded
to these questions that
you reputation
from your standpoint
could ever be fully restored?
Not in the minds of many,
never and will not be.
Again, I thank your family
and... Yes?
I would just like
to take this opportunity
to thank the committee
for its time,
its question
and the effort that was
put into this investigation
on my behalf.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Adjourned till 9 o'clock.
Everybody was exhausted
and perplexed.
There was a sigh of relief
having gone through
those nine hours.
But you knew it wasn't over.
Do you have anything
you'd like to say...
Senator, I would like to start
by saying
unequivocally, uncategorically,
that I deny each
and every single allegation
against me today
that suggested in any way
that I had conversations
of a sexual nature
or about pornographic material
with Anita Hill
that I ever attempted
to date her,
that I ever had any personal
sexual interest in her
or that I in any way
ever harassed her.
I think that
this today is a travesty.
I think that it is disgusting.
I think that this hearing
should never occur in America.
This is a circus.
It's a national disgrace.
And from my standpoint
as a black American,
as far as I'm concerned
it is a high tech lynching
for uppity blacks
who in any way deign
to think for themselves.
To do for themselves,
to have different ideas.
And it is a message,
that unless you kowtow
to an old order,
this is what will happen to you.
You will be lynched, destroyed,
caricatured
by a committee of the U.S....
U.S. Senate rather than
hung from a tree.
The testimony turned
because Hatch basically had
figured out that the thing
that would really get
Justice Thomas's dander up
was to have him talk about race.
Sort of pushed him
on the subject of race.
You said some of this language
is stereo...
Stereotyped language?
- Senator...
- What does that mean?
I don't understand.
Language throughout
the history of this country
and certainly
throughout my life.
Language about
the sexual prowess of black men.
Language about
the sex organs of black men
and the sizes, etcetera.
That kind of language
has been used about black men
as long as I've been
on the face of this earth.
I hate the term
"the race card."
It's sort of like,
race and racism in America
is something...
It's a playing card.
You just play it.
That unnerves me
to no end, but...
But that's what he did.
You know, I mean...
I mean, look at that.
"High tech lynching?"
Come on, that's absurd.
Right?
That's just absurd
that could work.
That you could make that claim
and everybody could back off.
They didn't challenge him
when he said that.
They didn't say, "Wait a minute,
what about the legal lynching
of the black woman,
who's a victim of harassment
that we heard
from witness upon witness"?
Why didn't they call
all the other witnesses
that were there
and that had testimony?
They didn't want to appear to be
going after a black man
who said I didn't do it.
And for them,
the case was closed.
Think about the imagery of it,
I mean, it...
This is a guy who's been groomed
by the White House
and Republican leadership
to take this job
in some respects.
I mean,
how establishment can you be?
You cannot be
any more established
unless you are the President
of the United States.
And yet you accuse...
You accuse people
of lynching you?
I think metaphorically,
black people
who had in fact been lynched
must have been rolling over
in their graves.
I think it was
strategically brilliant.
It compounded that it wasn't
just a woman and a man,
but it was a black woman
and a black man.
How did they deal
with the race issue
in a way that made
a lot of sense?
And for them, they just said
"Let's stay away from it."
And at that point, the whole...
The whole storyline changed.
And it was no longer...
The issue was no longer
sexual harassment of Anita Hill
so much as it was
the racial victimization
of Clarence Thomas.
As we say out in the Wild West,
this is an impossible thing.
And now I really am getting
stuff over the transom
about Professor Hill.
I've got letters
hanging out my pocket,
I've got faxes,
I've got statements
from her former law professors,
statements from people
that know her,
statements from Tulsa, Oklahoma,
saying,
"Watch out for this woman."
But nobody's got the guts
to say that
because it gets all tangled up
in this sexual harassment crap.
This entire proceeding is ended.
What bothered me
at the end of the hearings
was official Washington said
that the truth was unknowable,
that it was
the quintessential he said,
she said story
and who will ever know?
Like where the truth lies.
And as a journalist,
I feel strongly if you dig into
and behind any story diligently
the weight of evidence
and the preponderance
of information
does at the very least,
help you get
to a more definitive answer.
Joe Biden,
he really is in the end,
responsible for not having
called the witnesses
who could have corroborated
Anita Hill
and I think that there were
a lot of facts here
that a number of people
would rather not think about
and they didn't want
the public to know.
It was in the interest
of both the Republicans
and the Democrats in some ways
conducting those hearing
to bring the curtain down.
Just not have it
be center stage anymore.
Live from New York,
it's Saturday Night!
Professor Hill,
I want to thank you
for your patience here today.
You've shown remarkable courage
throughout your testimony.
It couldn't have been easy
to sit here
for the last seven hours
and talk about
and talk about penis size.
Or large breasted women
having sex with animals.
Or pubic hairs
on soft drink cans.
Then we parted company at the airport
in Washington D.C.
and she went back to Oklahoma
and I went back to Cambridge.
There was a depression,
like what is she gonna do?
I would not be honest
if I didn't say that
the hearings changed my life.
They changed
the trajectory of my life.
They changed
how I'm perceived by the world
and they changed
in some ways the way
I perceived the world.
I'm Ray Hill.
I'd like to introduce
my sister Anita.
She'll be m-making
a brief statement
and taking no questions.
I guess after this welcome
that I received today,
I don't have to tell you
that it's good to be home.
I missed all of you.
You are all absolutely wonderful
and without your support,
I could not have made it
through these last 72 hours.
I just kept
thinking about my friends,
my family and I include
the law school family
in that back here in Oklahoma.
I was raised to do what is right
and can now explain
to my students
first hand
that despite the high cost
which may be involved,
it is worth
having the truth emerged.
What I hope and intend to do
over the next few days
with your help and support
is to get back
to my normal routine.
I cannot wait to get back
in the classroom.
I'm gonna teach my class now,
excuse me and I don't know
what the rest of the day
will be.
I was the first African-American
tenured at the law school.
I was very proud of that.
But I was proud of my work
and I worked
to be a good teacher.
When I was
in that classroom space,
it was wonderful.
Good evening, I...
After the vote,
did you think, "Darn it."
I mean,
were you disappointed that...
Well, I really don't want to
comment on the vote.
I... after the vote, I thought...
I really wasn't focused
on the vote.
I was thinking about this week
and I don't have
any comment on the vote.
Did you discuss it
with any of your law students
today, Professor?
We talked about the process.
We talked about, our government.
We talked about
the hearings a little bit.
And they're all curious
and-and hopefully this will be
a learning experience for them.
Do you have anything
to say to Justice Thomas,
at all?
You want to...
I have no, comment on that,
really.
When I came home
I very much hoped
that I was going to be
able to resume life.
I quickly learned
that I was going to
have to accept a new normal.
I was confronted on the streets,
accused of lying face to face.
Some I didn't have
any way of knowing
when it would happen.
So, either I was gonna be inside
and hiding forever
or I was just gonna go out
and deal with it.
And I chose the latter.
The state politicians,
who were Republicans,
started trying
to get the school to fire me
even though I was tenured.
And then my Dean well,
then, they took off after him.
And they tried to get him fired.
Well, they tried
to close the law school.
Was threatened
with just about everything.
Death,
sexual violence
bomb threats to the school,
bomb threats to my house.
Packages that were vile
or messages that were vile.
I have a file cabinet
full of them.
Women who have experienced
the same thing
who have written
and said now for the first time
they can talk about it.
And that's important.
What I hope is that none of this
will deter others
from coming forward.
This is an important issue
and the dialogue
should not stop here.
For the good of everyone,
it became apparent
that I needed to move on.
This elusive quest for home
existed with my family.
My grandparents
had set up a life in Arkansas,
but there was an incident
that occurred.
My grandfather was threatened.
He was warned
by a friendly white neighbor
that there was a group of men
that wanted to lynch him.
They left everything
and moved to Oklahoma.
Oklahoma was not the deep South.
So there was a perception
that there was much more
racial tolerance.
My siblings started out
in segregated schools.
So, I saw
some of both the segregation
of the past
and the integration that was
going to be the future.
My parents always
made sure that we,
we were aware
that there were things
that we were not allowed
to do freely.
So, it was a...
It kind of an interesting
dance that they did.
To be at once protective,
but also to have
high expectations.
They always said, you know,
you gotta be twice as good
to get half as much.
And they expected us
to be twice as good or more.
In my home there was not
so much talk about
fighting against the system
as fighting to get
as much as you can out of it.
My mother eventually
did have six daughters
and seven sons.
And six of her seven sons
went to the military
before they went to college.
There are a lot of people
encouraging you
when you're the youngest of 13.
And that was great,
that was absolutely fantastic.
Now this was
where our mailbox is.
Ultimately
we got a little bit closer
to the postal service.
And the mailbox was here
so we only had to walk
a quarter of a mile,
or half a mile
to get to our mail.
I was on the verge of
this new chapter in my life,
moving from Oklahoma
to Massachusetts
which seemed pretty much
like a foreign place
at the time.
So these letters
were coming in daily,
there'd be trays of mail
coming in.
And I started reading them,
but I was so emotionally raw
that it was just impossible.
Inside these file cabinets
are letters
that I've received
over the last 19, 20 years.
There're probably
at this point about 25,000.
I guess it's human to say,
well, why did this happen to me?
And they helped me understand
why it was happening
and that it really was something
that was bigger than me.
I think we can...
We can look at one,
I have, for example
this one came in October.
It's dated October 17th, 1991
which was less than a week
after I testified.
And it says, "It's unfortunate
that you had to be subjected
to scurrilous attacks.
You and you alone
made the public cognoscente
of the sexual harassment
that is prevalent
in the workplace.
For this, the women of America
will be eternally grateful.
I and many like me
sincerely hope that you will
have a very bright future
which you richly deserve."
And this is from a man.
I made a deal with myself.
I would go out and I'd talk
about sexual harassment,
but for two years.
At the end of two years,
I mean, we'll fix this.
We'll have it done.
It'll be over and I can go back
to my commercial law
and contracts
which was what I was teaching.
We didn't fix it.
We made some strides.
But there were still
all these misunderstandings
out there.
What would you say sustained you
in the aftermath
of that kind of scrutiny
including some
of the most vicious commentary
that I have ever read?
I don't think
that there has ever been
an attack on a witness
who really had
absolutely nothing to gain.
And someone said
it wasn't as though they were
going to give you the seat
if they didn't give it to him.
People think when
they think of those hearings
they think, "Okay, he had a race
and she had a gender."
Um, but, you know,
it was the combination...
It was really the combination
of my race and gender.
And it changed the dynamics.
I remember one moment
when it was just overwhelming
I just remember
having some sort of meltdown
with my mother.
And then I realized
how I had been able
to get through the hearings.
Because she stopped me
and she said,
"You know who you are
and you know what you can do.
And don't ever
doubt yourself."
Most of us have everything
we need to get through a crisis.
We just have to tap into it.
Ultimately I decided
that I would write the book
about the hearing
and then my life really changed.
And I just said, you know,
I'm going to be a public voice
for gender and equality.
The more I understood
about sexual harassment,
the more I understood
that it was
only part of the problem.
Sexual harassment
is just part of a larger issue
of gender and equality.
And I didn't know that
until I started hearing
from people.
And I am hearing
from a lot of men.
Men relating to it
in terms of their daughters.
These daughters
that they've raised
who now have all these
opportunities to achieve
and advance.
Those daughters being harassed
really is something
that provokes them
to say, you know, enough.
We have to stop this.
The ability to use race
as a divisive tool politically.
And it's just like anything,
after a while,
it loses its impact.
Also, like if you look at
the Obama administration,
he comes in and he's not playing
on people's fears.
He's saying,
"No, we're all different.
Let's unite."
I wanted to develop a course
that took advantage
of the energy
behind the Obama election.
That helped us to think about
how his policies fit into
the social justice models.
This is so fulfilling,
you and the students,
things click.
And then you think,
this is a absolute,
most fulfilling thing in life.
And I always thought of teaching
really as not only
teaching students
about where the law is,
but teaching students
about where it can be
and what it can do.
I've learned an awful lot here
and it's been
a great experience.
And the things
that I'm able to do
with the issues
that I care about,
I think I would never have been
able to do
at the law school in Oklahoma.
The pressure to keep me quiet,
to keep me out of the public eye
would have been so great
that I could not have done
the kinds of things
that I've done.
What I was meant to do
with my life.
But I also knew that
if I am not public
then there will be
a sense of victory
that they will have over me.
The Oklahoma legislature
extends its warmest welcome
and directs me
to give you this citation.
At the ripe old age
of 3 years and 9 months
I was forced
to relinquish my position
of baby in the family
to our speaker
for this evening.
I present to you this evening,
my parents baker's dozen
and my little sister Anita Hill.
Thank you, sis,
and I am just thrilled
to be back in Oklahoma.
What do you think
of Clarence Thomas's
wife's phone call
to you recently?
At first, of course,
when I got the call
I thought it was a prank.
And just a sort of a prank.
I couldn't believe it would be
actually Ginni Thomas
calling my office
on Saturday morning at 7:30.
I did not want the hearing.
I didn't want it
to become a punchline.
But I know
so many of you
are probably thinking about,
um, well, 1991.
It was in fact, 20 years ago.
Twenty years ago.
I can tell you
with absolute certainty
that testifying before
the Senate Judiciary Committee
was not on my bucket list.
But it wasn't my testimony
that caused change.
What allowed us to move forward,
what allowed record
numbers of women
to file complaints
against employers,
what allowed employers to change
their workplace policies,
what allowed the election
of record numbers of women
in the Congress
and in the Senate.
That was you.
That was your voice,
your voices.
Are you married now?
No.
Virtually.
I'm in a very, very good
relationship now
and, it's very... It's good.
I was a partner with,
I think 12 other guys
in a restaurant in Waltham
where Brandeis is.
And I was with
a couple of friends one night
and this woman
walked through the door.
And I said,
"I'd better make sure
that woman gets good service.
Excuse me."
And I walked over and I said,
"If you need anything
I'll be right over here."
I walked over
and, apparently
she didn't eat anything
because I looked up and she was,
like, walking out the door.
So I went to the door
and I said,
"Please co-come back in
and let me buy you
a glass of wine."
And she said, "Yeah, sure."
And I can almost
see her eyes rolling.
And she left,
never to be seen again
until a year later.
Luckily I was in the restaurant.
And she came in,
so I said to the manager,
"I'm going home to get
a great bottle of white wine
I just brought back from France.
Don't let her go anywhere."
Went home, got the bottle,
came back, he put it on ice.
He wrapped the towel around it,
served it to her and her friend.
After dinner, I walked up
and the conversation
became lengthy.
That was 11 years ago,
11, 12 years ago.
What stood out
with Anita's family
is how close they are.
You can see the love there.
Jeanna, yes,
that's my sister
Joanne's daughter.
Eric and Jeanna's brother
Jerry brought her up the aisle.
Jeanna's father is deceased.
She had a picture of him
in her bouquet.
And I think we just all
had a great time.
Just to be with my family and
extended family having fun.
That's a close, loving family.
She's lucky.
I want to personally
thank you, Anita Hill.
Thank you for illuminating
the complexities
of female powerlessness
and for describing how cowed
and coerced a woman can feel
when she is hit upon by a man
who controls
her economic destiny.
Twenty years ago you had
the courage to tell the truth
and do what women
rarely did then.
Make a scene.
But thanks to you, Anita,
we and our daughters
and our granddaughters
now feel empowered
to press the emergency button
and report offensive behavior.
When former congresswoman
Pat Schroeder
first ran for the house,
Pat was asked by one of
the good old boys on the Hill,
"How can you be a congresswoman
and a mother at the same time?"
And Pat famously answered,
"Because I have a brain
and a uterus and I use both."
This Hunter College event,
it was just
this great combination
of new generation women,
as well as women,
like Gloria Steinem.
What does Anita Hill
mean to us today?
I remember everybody was talking
about Anita Hill
and sexual harassment.
I grew up knowing
that it wasn't okay
and that if it did happen to me
and it did,
that it wouldn't be my fault.
And that there was something
that I could do about it.
And if I can give that
to the next generation
when street harassment
happens to them,
that it's not okay.
Then that will be a win.
Our work in the New York City
Public Schools
so that we can protect
all students
from sexual harassment
and gender based violence
is so critical, at this time.
And it wasn't until as an adult
that I really realized
the shoulders
that we're standing on.
What she stood for in 1991
still resonates with all of us.
And that she stood up
not just for herself,
but for my three granddaughters.
Ten, seven and three,
who are growing up in a world
where they know they are
and can be the best possible
that they can be
because Anita Hill stood up
in 1991.
Thank you, Professor Hill,
for opening doors for all of us.
And I wonder
if you could share the moment
that we'd realized
that this was something
beyond a single moment
of testimony.
I had lots of support
from, women.
But John Frank was
an individual who volunteered.
He had been an expert
on the Supreme Court
and the confirmation process.
He came to me in tears,
literally in tears.
And he said, "I know
this is very hard for you.
But you have no idea
of how important this is
to our country."
And I was at that point
just trying to get through
the rest of the day.
Um, it was as though he had
looked into the future
and seen you today.
Having had to deal with so much,
how do you, um, deal with fear?
Not over it, not under it,
but through it?
Thank you. Thank you.
I know that there were times
when I was afraid.
And I knew that there were times
when I'd, you know, stepped out
and I didn't know what was
gonna happen to me next.
But everyday I woke up
knowing that the thing
that caused me to be fearful,
that testimony
was the right thing to do.
Knowing that you have
that truth,
then that's really the way
to deal with it.
You don't have to be alone.
Anita!
You don't have to be alone.
Every year since the hearings,
they have a gathering.
These women are on fire.
They care about each other.
They care about the work
they do.
They are enthusiastic
about gender equality.
Ladies and gentlemen,
please rise
and give Anita Hill
a big round of applause.
People ask the question,
like, what about voice?
How can I have a voice?
I really found my voice in 1991.
And having found it,
I won't lose it again.
And if we celebrate
Martin Luther King,
think about what he showed us
by example.
That dignity and courage
were more effective tools
than bullying
and making positive change
for this country.
I am here today
because so many people before me
struggled for my dignity,
for my freedom and for justice.
And for that
I try to live each day
with a heart full of grace.
So when I say, raise your voice,
I mean, raise your voice
where ever you find it.
You went to
the Anita Hill conference, yeah?
So, who here knows
about Anita Hill?
And what are some things
that we can do,
what have we learned
from workplace harassment.
I can only imagine how difficult
it must have been
with her testifying
and it seemed so scary
and especially how I know,
um, in our society
there's a lot of victim blaming
and a lot of blaming
the person and people,
"What was she wearing
and how was she acting
and did she invite that?"
The parallel is learning
from Anita Hill's strength
to speak out.
People are behaving this way
because no one told them
it was wrong in the first place.
So starting off by telling them
it's wrong
from a younger age then,
we're grooming a new generation
and a new future.
What I am most encouraged by
is that young people are engaged
and able to articulate
what they want
in terms of gender equality.
This is I feel like
especially from what you guys
wrote for what
sexual harassment is.
Maybe you've seen it happen
or have experienced
it yourselves.
So, now we're gonna do
an activity called,
okay or not okay.
I got "Touched your butt
on the subway"
and I really think
that's not okay.
I was like a block away
from my house
and like four guys in a car
were like whistling
and putting their hands
out the window
and it scared me half to death.
Everybody I know,
a lot of people
that are getting harassed
and they just give up
and they don't tell
their parents
because they feel that
they're gonna get in trouble.
They feel that it's their fault
so they cut themselves,
a lot of people.
It happens to more people
than you think it happens to.
And that that's a really
important factor to remember
that you're not the only one
going through with it.
We shouldn't just
stand by each other
and watch each other
be harassed like this.
We need to help each other
and tell people what's going on.
Not enough people
are doing enough to stop it.
So if you can really like
either get
a guidance counselor in on it
or just you try and understand
or talking to them about it
I think would make
a big difference.
If something happens to you
or if someone's harassing you,
that's not your fault.
And I just want everyone
to know that it's not you.
Like you're fabulous,
you're amazing
and you didn't do anything
to attract that.
The world is yours.
As spokespeople for the kind of
change that you want.
And I think the audience
would agree with me
that these young women
are incredible,
wonderful spokespeople.
I was given hope
that I could retire now.
And the next generation
is in good hands.
We really have been
building of what on
an understanding
of what equality means.
Whether we fight
for gender equality
or racial equality
or equal rights,
based on sexual identity.
We have
a much better understanding
of what it takes to get there
in 2011 and 2012
than we had in 1991.
Despite all the inequalities
that exist in the world
I still believe
with all my heart
that we are on the verge
of something monumental
and profound.
And I still want to be a part
of that change.
I hope that life's hardships
have taught you
to face every adversity
with honesty, dignity,
integrity and courage.
And I can attest that
honesty, dignity and courage
is what will be remembered.
Well, it hasn't every day and
every moment of it wonderful.
But in the end, you know,
I can't think of
any other way to do it.
People see me today
and they expect me
to have on that blue dress
'cause that's what
they remember.
Here... Here they are.
How about this?
It's the blue dress.
Yeah.
I have not worn
this blue dress since 1991
when I took it off
at the hearings.
It went to the cleaners
and then it's been
in my closet since.
I didn't really have
that much time
to think about it, honestly.
But there's no formula
for what to wear
before a Senate Judiciary
hearing.
Someone told me that
they were in Ghana
after the hearing
and a tailor was designing
this dress for women there,
that women were
requesting that dress.
So, um, through the magic of CNN
it became a fashion statement.
As well,
maybe as a political statement.
I'm so happy
we're doing this tonight.
Anita Hill, thank you so much
for being here tonight.
Good morning, Anita Hill.
This here's Sojourner Truth.
There's so much racket.
There must be something
outta kilter, Anita Hill.
But what's all this here
talking about?
Just thought
I'd reach out to ask you
across the airwaves
and the years, Anita Hill,
and ask you
to consider something.
Anita Hill,
please don't tell nobody,
no how, nowhere, never,
no way that you're sorry.
Anita Hill, please don't you
apologize, child,
because for one thing,
you told the truth.
Don't you just love
that play on my name?
It's Ginni Thomas,
and I just wanted
to reach across the airwaves
and the years
and ask you
to consider something.
I would love you to consider
an apology sometime
and some full explanation
of why you did
what you did with my husband.
So, give it some thought.
I certainly pray about this
and hope that one day
you'll help us understand
why you did what you did.
Okay.
Have a good day.
Can you tell the committee
what was the most embarrassing
of all the incidences
that you have alleged?
I think the one that
was the most embarrassing
was his discussion
of pornography
involving these women
with large breasts
engaged in a variety of sex
with different people
or animals.
That was the thing that made
me feel the most humiliated.
He got up from the table,
looked at the can and asked
"Who has put pubic hair
on my coke?"
On other occasions,
he referred
to the size of his own penis
as being larger than normal.
I was threatened,
that sexual violence
threatens my job.
Bomb threats to my house,
packages that were viable.
This is where I got
the voicemail message
from Ginni Thomas.
But it was still quite
shocking to come
and actually sit at my desk
and be at the phone
and hear this voice.
You know, I, frankly thought
this has got to be
somebody impersonating her.
But either way I thought,
whether it's her
or someone impersonating her,
this is an important call.
After all, I thought, you know,
if this is someone
really trying to get
a witness to change
her sworn testimony,
we ought to know about it
and we ought to know
who's doing it.
And I am very proud indeed
to nominate him
for this position
and I trust that the senate
will confirm
this able man promptly.
I expected to be a part
of the vetting process.
When I heard
about the nomination,
it was the summer time
and it was a typical
hot summer in Oklahoma.
The school session was out.
The FBI and the background
checks were very extensive.
You know, anybody and everybody,
especially who's ever worked
with a person will get a call.
And that's what
I expected to happen.
Once I got the call
specifically directed at me
from the Senate itself,
once that call came,
I knew what I had to do.
We understand that you
experienced sexual harassment
at the hands of Clarence Thomas.
That was what I answered.
More specifically
about the behavior.
Pressuring for dates,
the sex talk in the workplace,
the feeling that my job
was really in jeopardy.
But that was also,
what I said, you know,
I really would like to have
a chance to do a statement
in my own words.
I don't want this to be
a political witch hunt.
And I sent it in believing
that it would be confidential,
but believing that the senators
would take it into account.
I suspected that there
would be other women.
And that they needed to...
To really fully investigate it
and not just rely
on my statement.
And so I sent it in with my name
and it was leaked.
Good evening, from Congress
to the White House
to the workplace,
the sexual harassment storm
around Clarence Thomas
is intensifying.
The battle over his
Supreme Court nomination
has now triggered
a nationwide debate
about sexual harassment
on the job.
We are outraged that the senate
is not taking seriously,
these allegations of sexual
harassment of a black woman.
Most of us don't understand,
what sexual harassment is.
And if you're sexual harassed,
you ought to get mad about it
and you ought to do
something about it
and you ought to complain.
Instead of hanging around
a long time
and then all of a sudden
calling up anonymously and say,
"I want to complain."
I still think they should
investigate further
just because he's gonna be
a Supreme Court justice
and he's gonna be
making decisions
that's gonna affect
the entire country.
I felt that as a citizen,
as an individual
who had information
that it was my obligation
when approached to come forward
and I did that.
Mrs. Hill, by coming forward,
have you been a victim twice?
You know, I hate to use
those kinds of terms.
Reliving this experience has...
I mean, it has been
really bad for me.
I mean, it's...
I can't even describe.
It was bad enough
to experience it once.
It is an unpleasant issue.
It's an ugly issue.
And people don't want
to deal with it generally
and in particular in this case.
Until I wrote that statement
to the Senate,
I really hadn't allowed myself
to sit down and put together
all the details
of what had happened.
And how awful it was
and how painful it was
for me to have to leave work
that I loved
in order to escape it.
No comment.
Thank you.
I don't have any comments,
thank you.
I really just want to go in
to teach my class.
I can talk to you
about contracts
if anybody's interested.
Even after it was leaked,
no one on that committee...
They had voted it out.
They were not interested
in hearing from me.
But they started
hearing from the public.
Stop Thomas now!
Stop Thomas now!
Stop Thomas now!
Stop Thomas now!
Stop Thomas now!
And now we're going over
to tell the Senate
that we are enraged.
Women like Eleanor Holmes Norton
and Patricia Schroeder
marched over to the Senate
and got turned away
by the Sergeant at Arms,
because they were out of order
going over to the Senate side.
Um, that, the pressure
that they began to exert
and then the public followed.
And said, "You have
to reconvene the hearing."
I think America's women
really want to see this body
start doing something
for them than to them.
To any victim
of sexual harassment
or sexual abuse
or sexual violence
either in the street
or even in their own home,
the message is, nobody's
gonna take you seriously,
not even
the United States Senate.
Once I did get
the phone call from Joe Biden
and found out
that I was going to testify,
that I was gonna be subpoenaed,
I was trying to figure out
what I was going to do.
I had no idea
what I was gonna get into.
As a private citizen,
I was watching this
on television.
I was watching it
in the newspapers.
I was totally disconnected,
I mean, literally in the middle
of the country in Oklahoma
from what was going on
in Washington, D.C.
Sexual harassment
is a serious matter.
This is a hearing convened
for a specific purpose.
To air specific allegations
against one specific individual.
Allegations which may be true
or may not be true.
I didn't expect
any part of the investigation
of a Supreme Court nominee
to be partisan.
I assumed that everybody
on the Senate
Judiciary Committee
wanted to make sure
that they were putting
somebody who was
ultimately qualified
and who was
of the highest integrity.
She just had no idea
that she was walking
into the political lions den
and that supporters
of Justice Thomas
would be out to shred
her credibility.
Welcome, Professor Hill.
It literally
didn't to occur to her
that an opposition campaign
would be waged against her.
Mr. Chairman,
Senator Thurmond,
members of the Committee,
my name is Anita F. Hill
and I am a professor of law
at the University of Oklahoma.
I was born on a farm
in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma.
I am the youngest
of 13 children.
My purpose was to
as clearly as possible
tell the Senate about behavior
that I had experienced
at the hand of Clarence Thomas.
I couldn't say,
"Well, I'm gonna prove
sexual harassment."
I couldn't do that.
I could say,
"This is what I'm gonna do.
I'm gonna tell
what happened to me."
In 1981, I was introduced
to now Judge Thomas
by a mutual friend.
He was, in fact,
appointed as Assistant Secretary
of Education for Civil Rights.
He asked
if I would become his assistant
and I accepted that position.
After approximately
three months of working there
he asked me to go out socially
with him.
What happened next
and telling the world about it
are the two
most difficult things,
experiences of my life.
It would have been more
comfortable to remain silent.
But when I was asked
by a representative
of this committee
to report my experience...
I felt that I had
to tell the truth.
I could not keep silent.
Can you tell me
what incidences occurred
of the ones
you've described to us
occurred in his office?
Well, I recall specifically
that the incident
about the coke can
occurred in his office
at the EEOC.
And what was
that incident again?
The incident
with regard to the coke can
that's spelled out
in my statement.
Would you describe it
once again for me, please?
The... Um, incident involved
his going to his desk,
getting up from a work table,
going to his desk,
looking at this can and saying,
"Who put pubic hair
on my coke?"
Was anyone else
in his office at the time?
No.
Again, it's difficult,
but for the record,
what substance did he bring up
in this instance
at EEOC in his office?
What was the content
of what he said?
Well, this was a reference
to an individual
who, um, had a very large penis.
And he used the name that he had
been referred to in the pro...
Pornographic material.
Um.
Do you recall what it was?
Yes, I do.
Um, the name that was referred
to was "Long Dong Silver."
I mean, it was awful.
And it was, it was awful,
it was disappointing
and I had to deal
with all those emotions
and then try to stay focused
on why I was there.
Why I knew I was there.
The issues that you raised
about Judge Thomas,
you referred to
as an ugly issue.
Is that how you viewed
these conversations?
Yes, they were very ugly.
They were very dirty and the...
They were disgusting.
Now, again, for the record,
did he just say...
"I have great physical
capabilities and attributes."
Or was he more graphic than...
He was much more graphic.
Can you tell us what he said?
Well, I can tell you that
he compared his penis size.
He measured his penis
in terms of le-length,
um, those kinds of comments.
The spectacle of those hearings,
in some ways was created
by the all white male
judiciary committee.
Clumsily trying to ask questions
about what was then
not a familiar subject,
sexual harassment.
It was unusual in how graphic
the details were and strange.
The whole country
was k-kind of going places
that it hadn't been
together before.
I can remember
in that hearing room
which is like Rococo
and very beautiful
and thinking when I heard
the words pubic hair
said in this setting that just
seemed truly a bit surreal.
But in order to speak
to the facts of who said what,
you know, those details
did come pouring out.
But they all looked rather
foolish talking about things
like "Long Dong Silver"
and other matters.
That the most embarrassing
question involved...
This is not too bad,
women's large breasts.
That's a word we use
all the time.
That was the most
embarrassing aspect
of what Judge Thomas
had said to you?
No, the most embarrassing aspect
was his description
of the acts of
these individuals, these women.
The acts
that those particular people
would engage in.
It wasn't just the breasts,
it was...
They thought that
the more they pressed
on these details and got
Anita Hill to repeat them,
the more absurd
and made up they would seem.
I think they were trying
to trip her up because they,
like, couldn't believe things
like this would
or could be said.
They were humiliating her a little bit too
by making her go over this
again and again and again.
And she was
an interesting witness.
I mean she was
so calm and poised.
I noticed there are a number of
people sitting behind you.
Are any of them
your family members
you'd like to introduce?
Well, actually,
my family members
haven't arrived yet.
Yes, they have.
They're outside the door.
They weren't here
for my statement.
Well, we will,
make room for your family
to be able to sit down.
It's a very large family,
Senator.
When they walked
through that door,
I knew that I had what it would
take to get through that day,
however long it lasted.
At the time my parents were 79
and lived
a pretty sheltered life.
But it didn't matter.
What really mattered
to them was that
their daughter was going
to be questioned under oath.
She had always told me
throughout my life
that I was stubborn.
And so, I knew I was stubborn.
Because she had told me
I was stubborn
and at that point,
it paid to be stubborn.
This is not too bad,
I can read it.
Thomas liked to discuss
specific sex acts
and frequency of sex.
Close quote.
Now, are you saying,
in response to my questions
to why you didn't tell the FBI
about the size
of his private parts
and his sexual prowess
and "Long John Silver"
that that information
was comprehended
within the statement,
quote, Thomas liked
to discuss specific "sext" act...
Sex acts and frequency of sex?
I am not saying that
that information
was included in that...
Senator Specter,
he took an adversarial role.
It was clear that Specter had
come in with a closed mind.
He wasn't open
to hearing the facts.
That was really,
a real disappointment,
I think, to people.
They didn't understand.
In fact, they thought
that I was on trial.
But when you testified that,
as I wrote it down,
quote, we ought to look
at pornographic movies together.
That was an expression of
what was in your mind that he...
That was the inference
that I drew, yes, when his...
With his pre-pressing me
for social engagements, yes.
That that was something
he might have wanted you to do,
but the fact is flatly,
he never asked you to look
at pornographic movies with him.
With him, no he did not.
Well, I do think they thought,
maybe we can just wear her down
if we keep asking questions
and keep badgering.
Maybe, you know,
she'll give us something
that we'll be able to take out
and, you know, use against her.
We all came together
'cause we were
concerned about her.
The reason I got involved,
it was pretty amazing.
If you look around Anita Hill,
even if you look
at the photograph
of those who volunteered
to help her,
there were no black men
who supported her publicly.
In fact, some had tried
to persuade her
to not testify
against Clarence Thomas.
You don't do that to a brother.
And she says, "What?
Look what happened to me."
It was sort of a startling
revelation to me
that here's a woman
who has been harassed
much of her professional life
and has had to keep it a secret
like so many thousands of women
around the country.
And I thought it was important
that I stood with her,
that I wouldn't want it
to happen to my wife,
to my mother, to my daughter.
And so that to me
was an important step.
When you're talking
about a handful of middle aged
and older men
who just were uncomfortable
with this subject matter.
Ted Kennedy, his own life
was so compromise,
that he could barely speak up.
I mean, and there were
Saturday Night Live skits
about him with a paper bag
on this head.
The Democrats really
didn't rescue Anita Hill
as they could have.
And the Republicans were busy
basically disemboweling her.
There you have
the Chairman of the EEOC,
the Nation's chief
law enforcement officer
of sexual harassment.
And here you have a lawyer
who's an expert in this field,
later goes on
to teach civil rights
and has a dedication
to making sure
that women are not
discriminated against.
How could he allow this kind of
reprehensible conduct to go on
right in the headquarters
without doing
something about it?
Well, it was a very trying
and difficult decision for me
not to say anything further.
I can only say that
when I made the decision
to just withdraw
from the situation
and not press a claim
or charge against him,
that I may have, shirked a duty,
a responsibility that I had.
I remember at the time
there were very few
of these cases
that had been heard by judges.
Judges, even though
the laws weren't above,
were very resistant to them.
Most of us resisted
and gave every impression
that these advances
were unwanted.
But most of us
did not file a complaint
against our harassers.
We look for better work
most of the time.
In trying to determine...
whether you had telling
falsehoods or not...
I've got to determine
what your motivation might be.
Are you a scorned woman?
No.
Do you have a martyr complex?
No, I don't.
Well, do you see
that coming out of this
that you can be a hero...
in the civil rights movement?
I do not have
that kind of complex.
I don't like all of
the attention that I'm getting.
I don't... I... I would not,
even if I liked the attention,
I would not lie
to get attention.
And the impression is that,
is he giving her a hard time?
No, he was asking her
the questions
that somebody sitting in
Alabama or Mississippi
or South Carolina or Oklahoma
might want to hear.
Why are you doing this?
That's that was his question,
why are you doing this?
Who are you?
And that was her chance to say,
I'm none of those things.
I'm a law professor,
I love my students,
I want to teach them the law.
Did they ask you if you'd be
willing to take a polygraph?
They asked if I would be
willing to take a polygraph.
And what did you say?
I answered yes.
The issue became my character
as opposed to the character
of the nominee.
When a student happened to say
that he saw pubic hairs
in an exam,
that's just below the belt.
They went
to the ends of the earth
to find dirt on Anita Hill.
I mean, they were digging
through students
she'd had in-in law school
and these were these kids joking
about how there might be pubes
in their term papers.
Next thing they knew,
there were people calling
from the US Senate
wanting affidavits
so they could get
the alleged pube
and put it under a microscope.
Miss Hill's
character and credibility
has been assailed
from the beginning.
It was my judgment,
given the accusations
that had been made
over the last few days
about fantasy, about grudges,
about being a martyr,
about light skinned
versus black skinned women,
that this has just gone
too far...
We knew that
there's no saving this.
This is just a charade.
We weren't going to be able
to put on witnesses,
we weren't going to be able
to do anything in the Senate.
That's why we said,
let's go get a polygraph test.
Let's have our hearing outside
and let the public know that.
Are you lying to me
about the various topics
that Clarence Thomas
mentioned to you
regarding specific sexual acts?
Are you lying to me
about Clarence Thomas
making reference,
references to you
about the size of his penis?
And it was my opinion
that there was no indication
of deception to any of
those relevant questions.
I would call home
every night to check in.
My daughter was
just 12 years old.
They said she wanted
to talk to me.
I said, "Rashida,
what are you doing up,
close to midnight
on the Sunday night?"
She said, "Daddy,
I was watching the hearing."
I said, "Rashida, you shouldn't
be watching this."
"Well, I just wanted
to tell you."
"Tell me what?"
"I believe Anita."
And that to me
brought it all home.
I hope we're not going to hear
a lot more comments
about fantasy stories.
Or how there've been attempts
in the eleventh hour
to derail this, this nomination.
I hope we can clear this room
of the dirt and innuendo
and I hope
we're gonna be sensitive
to the attempts of character
assassination on Professor Hill.
They're unworthy.
But let me tell ya,
if what you say this man
said to you occurred,
why in God's name,
when he left
his position of power
or status or authority over you,
and you left it in 1983,
why in God's name
would you ever speak
to a man like that
the rest of your life?
That's a very good question.
And I'm sure
that I cannot answer
that to your satisfaction.
I really loved the work
that I was doing
and I loved the chance to work
on issues where there was...
There were age discrimination,
tasteless or race
discrimination cases,
gender in the employment arena.
And that's why
I went to the EEOC.
At the time
that I moved to the EEOC,
the behavior had stopped.
And that's all I wanted.
People misunderstand that
harassment is about the sex.
It's really about control
and power and abusing it.
Do you think
that he got some pleasure
out of seeing you ill
at ease and vulnerable?
I think so, yes.
Was this feeling more so than
the feeling that you might...
That he might be seeking
some type of dating
or social relationship with?
I think it was
a combination of factors.
I think that he wanted
to see me vulnerable
and that if I were vulnerable,
then he could extract from me
whatever he wanted.
Whether it was sexual
or otherwise
that I would be at his,
under his control.
I just answered the questions
and really said,
you know,
it's not gonna last forever.
You did not characterize
Judge Thomas's conduct
as sexual harassment
when you gave the statement
to the FBI, correct?
Well, Senator, I guess
I'm not making myself clear.
I was not raising a legal claim
in either of my statements.
I was not raising a legal claim.
I was attempting
to inform about conduct.
I did find it shocking.
What I got was questions
that really weren't
very well informed
on the one hand and then,
questions that were hostile
on the other.
So that you are
not now drawing a conclusion
that Judge Thomas
sexually harassed you?
Yes, I am drawing
that conclusion.
Well, then, I don't understand.
- Pardon me?
- That I don't understand.
Well, let me
try to explain again.
I expected them
to be better informed.
There were experts
who offered to testify
about women's experiences
in the workplace
who could have
helped the staffers
prepare the senators.
It seems to me that the behavior
has to be evaluated
on it's own
with regard to the fitness
of this individual
to act
as an associate of justice.
And the reasons we're here
is that it's very difficult
for some of our colleagues
to deal with issues
of sexual harassment.
Sexual harassment
is painful, it exists,
it's real, it's not imaginary.
There's not only
a gender gap in our country,
there's a gender chasm.
Sexual harassment
is every bit as evil
as any other type
of unethical conduct.
Did you discuss it
with anybody at that time?
Yes, I did.
One thing Anita told me
that struck me particularly
and that I remember
almost verbatim was that
Mr. Thomas had said to her,
"You know if you had witnesses,
you'd have a perfect case
against me."
Anita Hill told me
that she was upset
because her boss
was making sexual advances
towards her.
I saw the news stories
about Anita Hill.
And I instantly remembered
the fact that she had told me
about her dealings
with Clarence Thomas.
I remember saying to myself,
she's about to get creamed.
I remember this because
I don't use creamed,
it's not a word I use a lot.
But it... that came out that way
in my own mind.
She's about to get creamed
and I feel really bad for her.
In the fall of 1982,
Professor Hill shared with me
in confidence
the fact that she considered
Judge Thomas's behavior
toward her in the office
to be inappropriate.
She did tell me
they were sexual in nature.
I remember
talking to her by telephone
while she was in the hospital.
And she explained to me
that what she was suffering
from appeared to be job related,
job stress related.
And taking this phone call
from her.
And she was in a bad mood
and prodding her to tell me
what was bothering her.
Professor Hill
responded reluctantly
and with obvious emotion
and embarrassment
that she had been
sexually harassed
by her supervisor at the EEOC.
It was so absurd,
the idea that
the head of the EEOC
would engage
in sexual harassment.
I'm not sure I know what...
What is
and isn't sexual harassment,
but the idea
that they would engage in
what seemed like repeated,
unwanted advances...
Um, was just so incredible.
I wonder
how many tens of thousands,
of millions of men
in this country,
work for a boss who treats them
like a lackey,
tells them to do certain things
and stay on the job.
And we never ask why does
that man stay on the job?
My mother told me,
um, and I'm sure
Anita's mother told her
when you leave, make sure
you leave friends behind
because you don't know
who you may need later on.
And so you at least
want to be cordial.
I know I get Christmas cards
from people
that I don't see from one end
of the year to the other
and quite frankly,
do not wish to.
And I also return their cards
and will return their calls.
And so you grit your teeth
and you do it.
Did she ever indicate to you
that she was a zealous
cause person?
I am a...
I am a corporate,
sort of a Wall Street lawyer,
by profession and...
And I would consider myself
a militant compared
to Anita Hill.
If someone had asked me
a few weeks ago,
I would say that I could imagine
Professor Hill coming
before this committee
in a very different capacity
as a judicial nominee herself.
I think her opportunities
for that now have,
have been destroyed.
I think she paid a big price.
She said what she said.
I and it turned out
three other people at least
had heard the same story
seven years ago.
And I couldn't figure
how anyone could reconcile it
otherwise than being the truth.
Why would someone
make up this story
in order to use it
seven years later?
It just...
I couldn't understand it.
This wasn't about the truth,
it was about winning.
And that's it...
Well, it's about politics
which is always true
about Washington.
Do you have anything
to gain by coming here?
Has anybody promised you
anything by coming forth
with this story now?
I have not gained anything
except for knowing
that I came forward
and did, what I felt
that I had an obligation to do
and that was to tell the truth.
And my last question.
Would your life be simpler,
quieter
and far more private
had you never come forth at all?
Yes.
Norman, Oklahoma
is a much simpler,
quieter place
than this room today.
Do you think
now having told your side
and responded
to these questions that
you reputation
from your standpoint
could ever be fully restored?
Not in the minds of many,
never and will not be.
Again, I thank your family
and... Yes?
I would just like
to take this opportunity
to thank the committee
for its time,
its question
and the effort that was
put into this investigation
on my behalf.
Thank you.
Thank you.
Adjourned till 9 o'clock.
Everybody was exhausted
and perplexed.
There was a sigh of relief
having gone through
those nine hours.
But you knew it wasn't over.
Do you have anything
you'd like to say...
Senator, I would like to start
by saying
unequivocally, uncategorically,
that I deny each
and every single allegation
against me today
that suggested in any way
that I had conversations
of a sexual nature
or about pornographic material
with Anita Hill
that I ever attempted
to date her,
that I ever had any personal
sexual interest in her
or that I in any way
ever harassed her.
I think that
this today is a travesty.
I think that it is disgusting.
I think that this hearing
should never occur in America.
This is a circus.
It's a national disgrace.
And from my standpoint
as a black American,
as far as I'm concerned
it is a high tech lynching
for uppity blacks
who in any way deign
to think for themselves.
To do for themselves,
to have different ideas.
And it is a message,
that unless you kowtow
to an old order,
this is what will happen to you.
You will be lynched, destroyed,
caricatured
by a committee of the U.S....
U.S. Senate rather than
hung from a tree.
The testimony turned
because Hatch basically had
figured out that the thing
that would really get
Justice Thomas's dander up
was to have him talk about race.
Sort of pushed him
on the subject of race.
You said some of this language
is stereo...
Stereotyped language?
- Senator...
- What does that mean?
I don't understand.
Language throughout
the history of this country
and certainly
throughout my life.
Language about
the sexual prowess of black men.
Language about
the sex organs of black men
and the sizes, etcetera.
That kind of language
has been used about black men
as long as I've been
on the face of this earth.
I hate the term
"the race card."
It's sort of like,
race and racism in America
is something...
It's a playing card.
You just play it.
That unnerves me
to no end, but...
But that's what he did.
You know, I mean...
I mean, look at that.
"High tech lynching?"
Come on, that's absurd.
Right?
That's just absurd
that could work.
That you could make that claim
and everybody could back off.
They didn't challenge him
when he said that.
They didn't say, "Wait a minute,
what about the legal lynching
of the black woman,
who's a victim of harassment
that we heard
from witness upon witness"?
Why didn't they call
all the other witnesses
that were there
and that had testimony?
They didn't want to appear to be
going after a black man
who said I didn't do it.
And for them,
the case was closed.
Think about the imagery of it,
I mean, it...
This is a guy who's been groomed
by the White House
and Republican leadership
to take this job
in some respects.
I mean,
how establishment can you be?
You cannot be
any more established
unless you are the President
of the United States.
And yet you accuse...
You accuse people
of lynching you?
I think metaphorically,
black people
who had in fact been lynched
must have been rolling over
in their graves.
I think it was
strategically brilliant.
It compounded that it wasn't
just a woman and a man,
but it was a black woman
and a black man.
How did they deal
with the race issue
in a way that made
a lot of sense?
And for them, they just said
"Let's stay away from it."
And at that point, the whole...
The whole storyline changed.
And it was no longer...
The issue was no longer
sexual harassment of Anita Hill
so much as it was
the racial victimization
of Clarence Thomas.
As we say out in the Wild West,
this is an impossible thing.
And now I really am getting
stuff over the transom
about Professor Hill.
I've got letters
hanging out my pocket,
I've got faxes,
I've got statements
from her former law professors,
statements from people
that know her,
statements from Tulsa, Oklahoma,
saying,
"Watch out for this woman."
But nobody's got the guts
to say that
because it gets all tangled up
in this sexual harassment crap.
This entire proceeding is ended.
What bothered me
at the end of the hearings
was official Washington said
that the truth was unknowable,
that it was
the quintessential he said,
she said story
and who will ever know?
Like where the truth lies.
And as a journalist,
I feel strongly if you dig into
and behind any story diligently
the weight of evidence
and the preponderance
of information
does at the very least,
help you get
to a more definitive answer.
Joe Biden,
he really is in the end,
responsible for not having
called the witnesses
who could have corroborated
Anita Hill
and I think that there were
a lot of facts here
that a number of people
would rather not think about
and they didn't want
the public to know.
It was in the interest
of both the Republicans
and the Democrats in some ways
conducting those hearing
to bring the curtain down.
Just not have it
be center stage anymore.
Live from New York,
it's Saturday Night!
Professor Hill,
I want to thank you
for your patience here today.
You've shown remarkable courage
throughout your testimony.
It couldn't have been easy
to sit here
for the last seven hours
and talk about
and talk about penis size.
Or large breasted women
having sex with animals.
Or pubic hairs
on soft drink cans.
Then we parted company at the airport
in Washington D.C.
and she went back to Oklahoma
and I went back to Cambridge.
There was a depression,
like what is she gonna do?
I would not be honest
if I didn't say that
the hearings changed my life.
They changed
the trajectory of my life.
They changed
how I'm perceived by the world
and they changed
in some ways the way
I perceived the world.
I'm Ray Hill.
I'd like to introduce
my sister Anita.
She'll be m-making
a brief statement
and taking no questions.
I guess after this welcome
that I received today,
I don't have to tell you
that it's good to be home.
I missed all of you.
You are all absolutely wonderful
and without your support,
I could not have made it
through these last 72 hours.
I just kept
thinking about my friends,
my family and I include
the law school family
in that back here in Oklahoma.
I was raised to do what is right
and can now explain
to my students
first hand
that despite the high cost
which may be involved,
it is worth
having the truth emerged.
What I hope and intend to do
over the next few days
with your help and support
is to get back
to my normal routine.
I cannot wait to get back
in the classroom.
I'm gonna teach my class now,
excuse me and I don't know
what the rest of the day
will be.
I was the first African-American
tenured at the law school.
I was very proud of that.
But I was proud of my work
and I worked
to be a good teacher.
When I was
in that classroom space,
it was wonderful.
Good evening, I...
After the vote,
did you think, "Darn it."
I mean,
were you disappointed that...
Well, I really don't want to
comment on the vote.
I... after the vote, I thought...
I really wasn't focused
on the vote.
I was thinking about this week
and I don't have
any comment on the vote.
Did you discuss it
with any of your law students
today, Professor?
We talked about the process.
We talked about, our government.
We talked about
the hearings a little bit.
And they're all curious
and-and hopefully this will be
a learning experience for them.
Do you have anything
to say to Justice Thomas,
at all?
You want to...
I have no, comment on that,
really.
When I came home
I very much hoped
that I was going to be
able to resume life.
I quickly learned
that I was going to
have to accept a new normal.
I was confronted on the streets,
accused of lying face to face.
Some I didn't have
any way of knowing
when it would happen.
So, either I was gonna be inside
and hiding forever
or I was just gonna go out
and deal with it.
And I chose the latter.
The state politicians,
who were Republicans,
started trying
to get the school to fire me
even though I was tenured.
And then my Dean well,
then, they took off after him.
And they tried to get him fired.
Well, they tried
to close the law school.
Was threatened
with just about everything.
Death,
sexual violence
bomb threats to the school,
bomb threats to my house.
Packages that were vile
or messages that were vile.
I have a file cabinet
full of them.
Women who have experienced
the same thing
who have written
and said now for the first time
they can talk about it.
And that's important.
What I hope is that none of this
will deter others
from coming forward.
This is an important issue
and the dialogue
should not stop here.
For the good of everyone,
it became apparent
that I needed to move on.
This elusive quest for home
existed with my family.
My grandparents
had set up a life in Arkansas,
but there was an incident
that occurred.
My grandfather was threatened.
He was warned
by a friendly white neighbor
that there was a group of men
that wanted to lynch him.
They left everything
and moved to Oklahoma.
Oklahoma was not the deep South.
So there was a perception
that there was much more
racial tolerance.
My siblings started out
in segregated schools.
So, I saw
some of both the segregation
of the past
and the integration that was
going to be the future.
My parents always
made sure that we,
we were aware
that there were things
that we were not allowed
to do freely.
So, it was a...
It kind of an interesting
dance that they did.
To be at once protective,
but also to have
high expectations.
They always said, you know,
you gotta be twice as good
to get half as much.
And they expected us
to be twice as good or more.
In my home there was not
so much talk about
fighting against the system
as fighting to get
as much as you can out of it.
My mother eventually
did have six daughters
and seven sons.
And six of her seven sons
went to the military
before they went to college.
There are a lot of people
encouraging you
when you're the youngest of 13.
And that was great,
that was absolutely fantastic.
Now this was
where our mailbox is.
Ultimately
we got a little bit closer
to the postal service.
And the mailbox was here
so we only had to walk
a quarter of a mile,
or half a mile
to get to our mail.
I was on the verge of
this new chapter in my life,
moving from Oklahoma
to Massachusetts
which seemed pretty much
like a foreign place
at the time.
So these letters
were coming in daily,
there'd be trays of mail
coming in.
And I started reading them,
but I was so emotionally raw
that it was just impossible.
Inside these file cabinets
are letters
that I've received
over the last 19, 20 years.
There're probably
at this point about 25,000.
I guess it's human to say,
well, why did this happen to me?
And they helped me understand
why it was happening
and that it really was something
that was bigger than me.
I think we can...
We can look at one,
I have, for example
this one came in October.
It's dated October 17th, 1991
which was less than a week
after I testified.
And it says, "It's unfortunate
that you had to be subjected
to scurrilous attacks.
You and you alone
made the public cognoscente
of the sexual harassment
that is prevalent
in the workplace.
For this, the women of America
will be eternally grateful.
I and many like me
sincerely hope that you will
have a very bright future
which you richly deserve."
And this is from a man.
I made a deal with myself.
I would go out and I'd talk
about sexual harassment,
but for two years.
At the end of two years,
I mean, we'll fix this.
We'll have it done.
It'll be over and I can go back
to my commercial law
and contracts
which was what I was teaching.
We didn't fix it.
We made some strides.
But there were still
all these misunderstandings
out there.
What would you say sustained you
in the aftermath
of that kind of scrutiny
including some
of the most vicious commentary
that I have ever read?
I don't think
that there has ever been
an attack on a witness
who really had
absolutely nothing to gain.
And someone said
it wasn't as though they were
going to give you the seat
if they didn't give it to him.
People think when
they think of those hearings
they think, "Okay, he had a race
and she had a gender."
Um, but, you know,
it was the combination...
It was really the combination
of my race and gender.
And it changed the dynamics.
I remember one moment
when it was just overwhelming
I just remember
having some sort of meltdown
with my mother.
And then I realized
how I had been able
to get through the hearings.
Because she stopped me
and she said,
"You know who you are
and you know what you can do.
And don't ever
doubt yourself."
Most of us have everything
we need to get through a crisis.
We just have to tap into it.
Ultimately I decided
that I would write the book
about the hearing
and then my life really changed.
And I just said, you know,
I'm going to be a public voice
for gender and equality.
The more I understood
about sexual harassment,
the more I understood
that it was
only part of the problem.
Sexual harassment
is just part of a larger issue
of gender and equality.
And I didn't know that
until I started hearing
from people.
And I am hearing
from a lot of men.
Men relating to it
in terms of their daughters.
These daughters
that they've raised
who now have all these
opportunities to achieve
and advance.
Those daughters being harassed
really is something
that provokes them
to say, you know, enough.
We have to stop this.
The ability to use race
as a divisive tool politically.
And it's just like anything,
after a while,
it loses its impact.
Also, like if you look at
the Obama administration,
he comes in and he's not playing
on people's fears.
He's saying,
"No, we're all different.
Let's unite."
I wanted to develop a course
that took advantage
of the energy
behind the Obama election.
That helped us to think about
how his policies fit into
the social justice models.
This is so fulfilling,
you and the students,
things click.
And then you think,
this is a absolute,
most fulfilling thing in life.
And I always thought of teaching
really as not only
teaching students
about where the law is,
but teaching students
about where it can be
and what it can do.
I've learned an awful lot here
and it's been
a great experience.
And the things
that I'm able to do
with the issues
that I care about,
I think I would never have been
able to do
at the law school in Oklahoma.
The pressure to keep me quiet,
to keep me out of the public eye
would have been so great
that I could not have done
the kinds of things
that I've done.
What I was meant to do
with my life.
But I also knew that
if I am not public
then there will be
a sense of victory
that they will have over me.
The Oklahoma legislature
extends its warmest welcome
and directs me
to give you this citation.
At the ripe old age
of 3 years and 9 months
I was forced
to relinquish my position
of baby in the family
to our speaker
for this evening.
I present to you this evening,
my parents baker's dozen
and my little sister Anita Hill.
Thank you, sis,
and I am just thrilled
to be back in Oklahoma.
What do you think
of Clarence Thomas's
wife's phone call
to you recently?
At first, of course,
when I got the call
I thought it was a prank.
And just a sort of a prank.
I couldn't believe it would be
actually Ginni Thomas
calling my office
on Saturday morning at 7:30.
I did not want the hearing.
I didn't want it
to become a punchline.
But I know
so many of you
are probably thinking about,
um, well, 1991.
It was in fact, 20 years ago.
Twenty years ago.
I can tell you
with absolute certainty
that testifying before
the Senate Judiciary Committee
was not on my bucket list.
But it wasn't my testimony
that caused change.
What allowed us to move forward,
what allowed record
numbers of women
to file complaints
against employers,
what allowed employers to change
their workplace policies,
what allowed the election
of record numbers of women
in the Congress
and in the Senate.
That was you.
That was your voice,
your voices.
Are you married now?
No.
Virtually.
I'm in a very, very good
relationship now
and, it's very... It's good.
I was a partner with,
I think 12 other guys
in a restaurant in Waltham
where Brandeis is.
And I was with
a couple of friends one night
and this woman
walked through the door.
And I said,
"I'd better make sure
that woman gets good service.
Excuse me."
And I walked over and I said,
"If you need anything
I'll be right over here."
I walked over
and, apparently
she didn't eat anything
because I looked up and she was,
like, walking out the door.
So I went to the door
and I said,
"Please co-come back in
and let me buy you
a glass of wine."
And she said, "Yeah, sure."
And I can almost
see her eyes rolling.
And she left,
never to be seen again
until a year later.
Luckily I was in the restaurant.
And she came in,
so I said to the manager,
"I'm going home to get
a great bottle of white wine
I just brought back from France.
Don't let her go anywhere."
Went home, got the bottle,
came back, he put it on ice.
He wrapped the towel around it,
served it to her and her friend.
After dinner, I walked up
and the conversation
became lengthy.
That was 11 years ago,
11, 12 years ago.
What stood out
with Anita's family
is how close they are.
You can see the love there.
Jeanna, yes,
that's my sister
Joanne's daughter.
Eric and Jeanna's brother
Jerry brought her up the aisle.
Jeanna's father is deceased.
She had a picture of him
in her bouquet.
And I think we just all
had a great time.
Just to be with my family and
extended family having fun.
That's a close, loving family.
She's lucky.
I want to personally
thank you, Anita Hill.
Thank you for illuminating
the complexities
of female powerlessness
and for describing how cowed
and coerced a woman can feel
when she is hit upon by a man
who controls
her economic destiny.
Twenty years ago you had
the courage to tell the truth
and do what women
rarely did then.
Make a scene.
But thanks to you, Anita,
we and our daughters
and our granddaughters
now feel empowered
to press the emergency button
and report offensive behavior.
When former congresswoman
Pat Schroeder
first ran for the house,
Pat was asked by one of
the good old boys on the Hill,
"How can you be a congresswoman
and a mother at the same time?"
And Pat famously answered,
"Because I have a brain
and a uterus and I use both."
This Hunter College event,
it was just
this great combination
of new generation women,
as well as women,
like Gloria Steinem.
What does Anita Hill
mean to us today?
I remember everybody was talking
about Anita Hill
and sexual harassment.
I grew up knowing
that it wasn't okay
and that if it did happen to me
and it did,
that it wouldn't be my fault.
And that there was something
that I could do about it.
And if I can give that
to the next generation
when street harassment
happens to them,
that it's not okay.
Then that will be a win.
Our work in the New York City
Public Schools
so that we can protect
all students
from sexual harassment
and gender based violence
is so critical, at this time.
And it wasn't until as an adult
that I really realized
the shoulders
that we're standing on.
What she stood for in 1991
still resonates with all of us.
And that she stood up
not just for herself,
but for my three granddaughters.
Ten, seven and three,
who are growing up in a world
where they know they are
and can be the best possible
that they can be
because Anita Hill stood up
in 1991.
Thank you, Professor Hill,
for opening doors for all of us.
And I wonder
if you could share the moment
that we'd realized
that this was something
beyond a single moment
of testimony.
I had lots of support
from, women.
But John Frank was
an individual who volunteered.
He had been an expert
on the Supreme Court
and the confirmation process.
He came to me in tears,
literally in tears.
And he said, "I know
this is very hard for you.
But you have no idea
of how important this is
to our country."
And I was at that point
just trying to get through
the rest of the day.
Um, it was as though he had
looked into the future
and seen you today.
Having had to deal with so much,
how do you, um, deal with fear?
Not over it, not under it,
but through it?
Thank you. Thank you.
I know that there were times
when I was afraid.
And I knew that there were times
when I'd, you know, stepped out
and I didn't know what was
gonna happen to me next.
But everyday I woke up
knowing that the thing
that caused me to be fearful,
that testimony
was the right thing to do.
Knowing that you have
that truth,
then that's really the way
to deal with it.
You don't have to be alone.
Anita!
You don't have to be alone.
Every year since the hearings,
they have a gathering.
These women are on fire.
They care about each other.
They care about the work
they do.
They are enthusiastic
about gender equality.
Ladies and gentlemen,
please rise
and give Anita Hill
a big round of applause.
People ask the question,
like, what about voice?
How can I have a voice?
I really found my voice in 1991.
And having found it,
I won't lose it again.
And if we celebrate
Martin Luther King,
think about what he showed us
by example.
That dignity and courage
were more effective tools
than bullying
and making positive change
for this country.
I am here today
because so many people before me
struggled for my dignity,
for my freedom and for justice.
And for that
I try to live each day
with a heart full of grace.
So when I say, raise your voice,
I mean, raise your voice
where ever you find it.
You went to
the Anita Hill conference, yeah?
So, who here knows
about Anita Hill?
And what are some things
that we can do,
what have we learned
from workplace harassment.
I can only imagine how difficult
it must have been
with her testifying
and it seemed so scary
and especially how I know,
um, in our society
there's a lot of victim blaming
and a lot of blaming
the person and people,
"What was she wearing
and how was she acting
and did she invite that?"
The parallel is learning
from Anita Hill's strength
to speak out.
People are behaving this way
because no one told them
it was wrong in the first place.
So starting off by telling them
it's wrong
from a younger age then,
we're grooming a new generation
and a new future.
What I am most encouraged by
is that young people are engaged
and able to articulate
what they want
in terms of gender equality.
This is I feel like
especially from what you guys
wrote for what
sexual harassment is.
Maybe you've seen it happen
or have experienced
it yourselves.
So, now we're gonna do
an activity called,
okay or not okay.
I got "Touched your butt
on the subway"
and I really think
that's not okay.
I was like a block away
from my house
and like four guys in a car
were like whistling
and putting their hands
out the window
and it scared me half to death.
Everybody I know,
a lot of people
that are getting harassed
and they just give up
and they don't tell
their parents
because they feel that
they're gonna get in trouble.
They feel that it's their fault
so they cut themselves,
a lot of people.
It happens to more people
than you think it happens to.
And that that's a really
important factor to remember
that you're not the only one
going through with it.
We shouldn't just
stand by each other
and watch each other
be harassed like this.
We need to help each other
and tell people what's going on.
Not enough people
are doing enough to stop it.
So if you can really like
either get
a guidance counselor in on it
or just you try and understand
or talking to them about it
I think would make
a big difference.
If something happens to you
or if someone's harassing you,
that's not your fault.
And I just want everyone
to know that it's not you.
Like you're fabulous,
you're amazing
and you didn't do anything
to attract that.
The world is yours.
As spokespeople for the kind of
change that you want.
And I think the audience
would agree with me
that these young women
are incredible,
wonderful spokespeople.
I was given hope
that I could retire now.
And the next generation
is in good hands.
We really have been
building of what on
an understanding
of what equality means.
Whether we fight
for gender equality
or racial equality
or equal rights,
based on sexual identity.
We have
a much better understanding
of what it takes to get there
in 2011 and 2012
than we had in 1991.
Despite all the inequalities
that exist in the world
I still believe
with all my heart
that we are on the verge
of something monumental
and profound.
And I still want to be a part
of that change.
I hope that life's hardships
have taught you
to face every adversity
with honesty, dignity,
integrity and courage.
And I can attest that
honesty, dignity and courage
is what will be remembered.
Well, it hasn't every day and
every moment of it wonderful.
But in the end, you know,
I can't think of
any other way to do it.
People see me today
and they expect me
to have on that blue dress
'cause that's what
they remember.
Here... Here they are.
How about this?
It's the blue dress.
Yeah.
I have not worn
this blue dress since 1991
when I took it off
at the hearings.
It went to the cleaners
and then it's been
in my closet since.
I didn't really have
that much time
to think about it, honestly.
But there's no formula
for what to wear
before a Senate Judiciary
hearing.
Someone told me that
they were in Ghana
after the hearing
and a tailor was designing
this dress for women there,
that women were
requesting that dress.
So, um, through the magic of CNN
it became a fashion statement.
As well,
maybe as a political statement.
I'm so happy
we're doing this tonight.
Anita Hill, thank you so much
for being here tonight.
Good morning, Anita Hill.
This here's Sojourner Truth.
There's so much racket.
There must be something
outta kilter, Anita Hill.
But what's all this here
talking about?
Just thought
I'd reach out to ask you
across the airwaves
and the years, Anita Hill,
and ask you
to consider something.
Anita Hill,
please don't tell nobody,
no how, nowhere, never,
no way that you're sorry.
Anita Hill, please don't you
apologize, child,
because for one thing,
you told the truth.
Don't you just love
that play on my name?