After Stonewall (1999) - full transcript
Documentary/Historical retrospective of the Gay Rights movement from the 1969 Stonewall riots to the present.
Speech!
Stan, what do you want
to tell the world
about this stunning
almost-victory?
Uh, it's really cool
that we beat the spread
against the Cowboys.
Yeah!
And it's okay to be gay.
What?
Being gay is just part
of being nature
and a beautiful thing.
What the hell is
he talking about?
♪♪
(man)
Uh, the night of the
Stonewall riots came along.
Just everything came
together, that one moment.
If you were there, you
just knew, this is it.
This is what we've
been waiting for.
(all)
Say it proud,
say it loud!
♪♪
(Melissa)
Everything changed
after Stonewall.
It led us to a time when
millions of homosexuals
around the world would no
longer hide their identity.
It also marked the beginning
of a seismic shift
in society at large.
How did this happen?
How did a new openness among
gay people transform virtually
every area of life?
And it's okay to be gay.
This is the subject
of After Stonewall.
(man)
When Stonewall happened,
I was in New Jersey.
(woman)
No, I was the only
lesbian in New York
who was not involved
in the Stonewall riots.
(woman)
Native Americans
took over Alcatraz
and that to me was the thing
I remembered most
about that year.
(woman)
I'm not even sure that
I knew it had occurred.
Probably not.
I was in Cleveland.
(man)
When I was younger,
I would always dream
of being
a police officer.
When I decided to
go through with it,
I knew no one could
know my secret.
And um, that's just
the way it was.
(man)
Some friends said, "You know,
you could probably get like,
a state legislator,"
and I said, "Okay."
But I do remember this
decision that I made
which is okay, this
really means staying
in the closet
because in 1972,
it was inconceivable to me that
you could win office and be out.
(man)
When I first came out in
Melbourne, Australia, in 1969,
age 17, homosexuality was still
totally illegal and it could be
punished with several
years' imprisonment
and even enforced
psychiatric treatment.
(woman)
I led what I called
my double life.
During the week, I was working
for the police department
as a social worker and
then I would literally
disappear on Fridays and
head over to New York
and do the bars.
(woman)
All I had was the Baptist
church, the vision of what
happened to
queers in this society
and I figured it
would kill me.
And I'd been working it, looking
for ways to die without actively
suiciding... passive
suicide, the solution
of the working class, liquor
and fast cars and brutal women.
(woman)
Most people when I talk to them
about events in the early
history of our movement
are amazed that conditions
were like that.
Say it proud!
(man)
I can't hear you!
Say it loud!
(woman)
In the wake of the Stonewall
riots and the sudden invasion
of people into our movement,
a good invasion,
a number of organizations
starting in New York
and spreading to
other cities called
Gay Liberation Front
were established.
(man)
When Stonewall happened, it just
seemed a logical progression
from leftist radial politics
and then I joined Gay Liberation
Front right away after
Stonewall.
We were a front like the
Vietnamese Liberation Front
from whom we
got our name.
(woman)
Why are you here today?
Darling, I want my
gay rights now!
(Karla)
There were drag queens,
there were
lesbian feminists
like myself.
There were truck boys who had
sex in the back of trucks.
It was tremendous excitement
because we're all moving
together and thinking
in terms of "we",
not in terms of "I."
(man)
Hey, gay is good
and gay is great!
Our first big action, we had an
eating place in West Hollywood
which has been there
for 20 or 30 years
called Barney's Beanery.
It's an article about
a restaurant in Los Angeles
with a sign that says
"Faggots Keep Out."
They spelled faggots
wrong, F-A-G-O-T,
"Faggots stay out."
The gentleman who put this
sign up in this restaurant
said he thinks that
homosexuals should be shot.
Two, four, six, eight...
I imagine we got between
8 and 10,000 people out.
Because our very existence
is political right now.
(Karla)
But the drawback
was these meetings
were very unstructured
and terribly chaotic.
People were screaming
at each other,
people didn't listen
to each other.
It was a little too
much like my family.
(man)
By '71, people had split off
to form, down in New York,
Gay Activists Alliance.
We worked by Robert's
Rules of Order.
Our predecessor, Gay Liberation
Front had worked by consensus.
That's how GAA
started by the way.
People just couldn't abide
with the procedure.
♪♪
(man)
You will meet people who will
rhapsodize about how the dances
at the Firehouse
changed their lives.
♪♪
(man)
On Saturday nights, we would
have a couple thousand people
in there sweating and dancing
and having a blast.
All of us were tripping
and stoned having a ball.
(Melissa)
At the same time, these early
gay militants took aim at
a number of mainstream
institutions.
This is what we're going
to be doing, babies.
This is what we're
going to be doing, babies.
(man)
It was very very clear
that a primary obstacle
to our getting anywhere was the
allegation that homosexuality
was an illness,
a disturbance.
(Barbara Gittings)
They had a panel
called Psychiatry,
Friend or Foe
to Homosexuals?
Well, it was not easy to find
someone who was both openly gay
and a psychiatrist in 1972 and
we finally landed someone who
said, "Yes, I'll do it, provided
I can wear a wig and a mask over
my face because I'm in
fear of losing my job."
(Frank)
The APA, like most organizations
that have their conventions,
has a banquet
at some point.
There was a dance floor and
there was going to be dancing
and I knew that.
(man)
Then we got up
and started dancing.
We made
a beautiful couple.
Frank is a very good leader
and I can follow very well.
(Frank)
We dance around with the
psychiatrists and their wives
dancing around us.
(Phil)
One of the psychiatrists came
over and said he would introduce
a motion the following year
to make homosexuality no longer
considered a sickness and
in December of 1974, gay men
and women went to bed sick
and we woke up the next morning
and we were
instantly cured.
Give me a K!
K!
Give me an I!
I!
(Arnie)
In the very first days
of GAA, we created
a street theater
committee.
We invaded the city clerk's
office because a couple of guys
tried to register to get
married and of course,
it was against the law,
so he wouldn't allow it.
Gay power!
Gay power!
(man)
They brought a wedding cake
with two grooms and two brides,
separately and took over
the office for the day.
♪ I ain't gonna stay
in the closet no more ♪
♪ I ain't gonna stay in
the closet no more ♪♪
(Arnie)
I don't know how much we changed
them, but we started changing at
least ourselves and our
demands and our expectations.
♪ The dykes are here ♪
♪ What the hell do
we care? ♪
♪ What the hell
do we care? ♪♪
(Karla)
The women started to split off
for a number of reasons.
Some men were very feminist and
they were very good, but a lot
of the guys were insensitive;
they called us girls,
they told us that our job
was to bake cookies.
Betty, do we have
a big knife here?
(Karla)
I mean, they couldn't have been
more revolting if they tried.
I came to consciousness about my
own lesbian sexuality primarily
through my involvement in
the women's movement and in
the feminist movement
in the early '70s.
(chanting)
Double, double,
sisters in trouble.
When you mess with women
you're asking for trouble.
(Dorothy)
The women's movement was the
place where everything changed.
I was not a monster.
I was not alone.
And I had the possibility of
preventing what had happened
to me from happening
to other people.
For little tiny lesbians of
my age, people coming of age
in my era, what
made us soar
was just this amazing women's
movement that was emerging.
No matter what any
woman ever says today,
it was chock full
of lesbians.
(woman)
And lesbians were closeted
because they felt like
the women's movement could not
survive having out lesbians
in the leadership or in major
roles and that's just fact.
(woman)
Betty Friedan, may
she live in peace,
had called us the
Lavender Menace.
She said the lesbians were going
to ruin the women's movement.
And there were a lot
of lesbians in NOW,
including Rita Mae Brown
who was ejected from NOW.
I was just a kid when
I got thrown out of NOW,
which of course then,
I immediately began
calling NOW WHAT,
for which they've probably
never forgiven me.
God forbid you should
have a sense of humor
about these things.
You were supposed
to just weep and wail
and just immediately
become a victim.
The more victimized you were,
of course, the more of a woman
you were and I'm like,
"What are you talking about?
The women I came from weren't
victims; they kicked butt.
So I'm going to kick some
too, little Yankee girls.
Let me show you
how this works."
(Melissa)
Despite their differences, gay
men and lesbians come together
a year after Stonewall
to commemorate the riot
with a march.
(woman)
If people hadn't decided to
commemorate Stonewall with
a political march, no one
would remember Stonewall.
(chanting)
Two, four, six, eight, gay
is just as good as straight.
(man)
It was incredible,
it was so empowering.
(man)
We were chanting, there
were great signs like
"Better Blatant Than Latent,"
"Hi Mom."
(man)
You know, people chanting,
"Two, four, six, eight,
gay is just as good
as straight,"
"Out of the closets
and into the streets."
(chanting)
Out of the closets
and into the streets!
Out of the closets and into
the streets!
(man)
There were drag queens and you
know, just this mad rag-tag
bunch of hippies and freaks
and weirdos and you know,
we were just all
out in force.
(man)
We got to this little knoll at
the Sheep Meadow and we turned
around to see what had happened
behind us and all of a sudden,
we all started to cry
together because behind us,
there were
15,000 people.
This was the moment when the
closet door was actually opening
and the gay community was
coming out into the light.
♪♪
(man)
People came to San Francisco
because they could be free.
This was a unique place where
they could be that person
they hoped they could be as
a lesbian or as a gay person.
(man)
When I arrived in San Francisco
in 1971, there was still
a great deal of the old
hippie thing going on.
The culture hadn't really
calcified into that hyper-male
thing that happened
in the later '70s.
(Michael)
What it was was a lot of gay men
who had been told all their
lives they were not real men
suddenly being told they could
be whatever they wanted
to be and some of us
wanted to be real men.
It didn't mean real men living
in the suburbs; it meant real
men like dressing up like Marlon
Brando in "The Wild One."
(Jim)
You had in the '70s with
the sort of drug culture
also changing; you had a
different kind of tribal energy.
It wasn't about
changing the world,
it was about
getting laid.
(Mel)
Sex was easy, if you got horny,
you just went out
and found someone--
it was that easy.
The Mineshaft, I would often
go on Uncircumcised Night,
because I'm uncircumcised
and you could get in for free
and I didn't have a lot
of money in those days.
I literally died when I went
downstairs and saw this bathtub
sitting in a basement and says,
"What the hell do they have
a bathtub for,"
you know?
Pretty soon, there was
a guy inside the bathtub.
Okay, this is
an art installation,
I can deal with this,
you know.
(man)
All the early disco
music was code.
It was very much like the '50s
and '40s code music, which was
cocktail music, which
straight people heard one way
and gay people
heard another way.
Disco music was
the same thing.
♪ Oh do you wanna funk? ♪♪
(man)
Do you wanna funk with me
read very differently
in a gay disco than it did
in a straight disco.
♪ Let me show you how ♪♪
♪ Do you wanna
funk with me? ♪♪
Here it is you could be yourself
and express yourself and listen
to music that sort
of spoke to your heart.
♪ Oh, you make me feel ♪
♪ On the real ♪♪
Sylvester was
a big woman.
You know, big...
♪♪
(Craig Lucas)
I met lovers at the baths--
people used to say,
"You don't go to the
baths to meet a lover,"
well, I had like, three
lovers for like, 10 years
that I met
at the baths.
People I married.
So... I miss
all of that.
When I felt how it was to lie
in someone else's arms,
to meet a stranger in
the dark and find gentleness
and kindness there, from someone
that I didn't even know.
There really was something truly
regenerating about it and it
helped me create myself in a way
that was quite a different self
than the one I'd left
behind in North Carolina.
I began to re-examine all
of my prejudices, my racism,
my tenseness
as a conservative,
all of that fell by
the wayside once
I realized how good it was to
be myself and to enjoy others
who were doing
the same thing.
(man)
The great thing about
the continental baths
was they were clean.
It was very social.
There were so many guys there
wandering around that you know,
you could just
go sit and talk.
♪♪
(Larry)
And then one night,
this woman came out
and you just couldn't believe
it, it was fabulous.
♪ Friends, friends,
friends oh friends ♪♪
♪ You got to
have friends oh... ♪♪
(Robin)
Who wanted to go into
the bars and bathhouses?
Not me, but everybody said,
"Oh, they won't let us in
the bathhouses,
isn't that terrible?"
Yes, that's
just disgusting.
(woman)
But at least we recognized we
were two different cultures.
That's a nice way of
putting it, you know?
(chanting)
Three, four, seven, nine,
lesbians are mighty fine!
Three, five, seven, nine,
lesbians are mighty fine!
(Dorothy)
It was a period in history in
which each and every one of us
felt as if we held
history in our hands,
as if everything we did
had the possibility
of changing the world.
There was just a tremendous
onslaught of little magazines,
little presses.
The small presses
were so fabulous.
First, there were all the
underground newspapers.
(Dorothy)
Little coffee shops, little
poetry readings, all small.
And writ small so it was
accessible, you could do it.
Christ, the first
magazine I worked with,
we did on mimeograph.
Do you know what
a mimeograph machine is?
Their hot, bare bodies
pressed together as before...
And poetry... oh, God,
thank God for bad poetry.
The main method of communication
for me in the early '70s
was poetry.
Other women's bad poems,
my bad poems.
And some of
them weren't bad.
There was some great poetry
being written.
But it didn't matter.
What we were creating
was a voice
that had not
been heard before.
(Rita Mae)
And so, I sat down and
wrote my first novel.
And you know, you're
supposed to suffer.
I loved it.
I didn't suffer
for one minute.
I thought, this is the most
fun thing I have ever done
in my life.
Couldn't get anyone
to publish it.
So this little tiny press
picked it up and published it.
They gave me $1,000.
And that was how Rubyfruit
Jungle started.
The issue of racism, you know,
I can get on a soapbox,
but the issue of racism
in the women's movement
is such is that many white women
everywhere all over this country
don't believe that black and
white women can work together.
I mean, they literally
don't believe it.
To be a southern working-class
woman suddenly joining a group
of editorial activists, most of
whom were black and they were
Yankees, forget that, they were
black Yankees with attitude.
I met my best
friend Jewelle.
I remember looking at her and
being tremendously afraid,
looking in her eyes and seeing
that she was looking at me
and thinking, "Cracker."
And I'm looking at her
and thinking, "Boston."
There was a distinct separation
between lesbians of color
and white lesbians.
♪♪
(Jewelle)
But what grew out of that
separation was kind
of a cultural fountain
of activities.
I would go to Brooklyn and
see 50 lesbians of color
that I never
saw anywhere else.
(woman)
The Combahee River Collective
was probably the most important
ongoing political
involvement of my life.
I mean, here was the
manifestation of my greatest
fear and my deepest desire all
on one little packet called
other black lrsbians,
lots of them!
(woman)
In the community of lesbians of
color, different kinds of social
organizations grew up which
were specifically social
like Salsa
Soul Sisters.
(Barbara Smith)
I remember this one meeting
where we decided to talk about
the images of black
women in the media.
This is 1975.
And there was a discussion about
whether or not straight hair
versus afros at the
time, versus locks.
Afro, straight hair,
whatever.
Whatever we were looking at,
there was no articulation that
black women had any right
to be on the planet.
That's what we were
dealing with.
Everything we do has got to
contribute to the struggle
because everything they do
is grinding us into dust
and we will
not be ground.
♪ Hello hooray ♪
♪ Let the show begin ♪♪
Women started performing at
night in the early '70s,
everything from church
basements to women's centers.
There were the bookstores.
♪ Again and again ♪
♪ And again ♪♪
(Judy)
And then the artists were
starting to interact with
each other and suddenly
there were audiences
going from 50 to 300
to 1,000 to 2,000.
We saw it all change from
being little coffeehouses
to being large theaters.
♪ So long, so long ♪♪
I run into people all the time
my age, their mid-40s or 50s
or late 30s who can
still remember their
first women's
music concert.
I can remember piling six dykes,
or actually, let me say this,
six women, sort of
half-straight, half-gay,
bisexual, who the hell knew,
into my little baby blue
Volkswagen bug and driving down
from Burlington, Vermont
where there was no gay
subculture to see my first
Cris Williamson concert.
♪♪
One quit her job as a nurse
and formed Coven Carpentry
so she could do
lesbian carpentry.
One of them left
her husband.
We're talking this
concert literally
changed people's lives.
The empowerment had
an ongoing impact.
It was an
extraordinary force.
(Jewelle)
Oh, God, I would think for me,
the women's music festival
in Michigan was like
Babes in Toyland.
(woman)
It's from me to you
with much love.
(Robin)
I was the MC.
Now they're all
in Birkenstocks and...
well, the ones that were
dressed were in blue jeans.
Most of them
were in nothing.
(Jewelle)
I went with a big stack of books
and a Thermos of martinis.
I arrived and it was like the
new moon and there was a group
of Salsa Soul Sisters, they were
trying to get the tent up at the
right angle so that the moon
would be where it was supposed
to be for the
nighttime ritual.
And then there was this
moment where I said,
"Would anybody
like a martini?"
And they all looked at me
like I had lost my mind.
But, we did kill off that
Thermos of martinis.
(Robin)
I walked onstage and I declared
my area a crystal-free zone
and I thought they were
going to kill me.
Anything ludicrous,
I immediately started
making fun of.
So all of a sudden, the gods
of lesbians, excuse me,
the goddesses, the goddesses
were tofu, vegetarianism.
We can make fun of that as much
as we like and I like to have
a sense of humor about it,
but the idea that we can be
sensitive to other people,
that's an accomplishment.
I mean, I would be there
watching them unroll the snow
fence so that wheelchairs could
get up and down the terrain.
I would see women
stop to help women
who were on crutches
or who were blind.
That's... that changes
your life, you know,
in ways that you
don't forget.
♪♪
(Melissa)
Beyond creating secular
institutions,
some gays and lesbians began
to build religious ones.
(man)
I came from, you know,
a Pentecostal background,
a Southern
Baptist background.
And they taught us how
to start churches.
12 people showed up in the
living room of my home.
When I served communion,
only three people came forward,
but there wasn't
a dry eye in the place.
The next Sunday, we had
16 attendants, 18.
I said, "Whoo, hallelujah
to the lamb."
Jesus came and died for
my sins, not my sexuality.
(Gil)
This person really spoke
a word of affirmation,
which was something I never
really experienced before
and which from a very spiritual
place, I was being affirmed.
...Say in those churches.
Ain't no hypocrite
gonna out-shout me, Amen.
(Melissa)
If claiming a place in
the church was a challenge,
cracking the political closet
would also be an uphill battle.
In 1974, Elaine
Noble ran for a seat
in the Massachusetts
State Legislature.
I wasn't prepared,
I don't think,
for all of the vitriolic
part of a campaign.
People had shot through my
windows, scratched "Lesbian"
on the back of my car which
totally flipped me out
and my friends came out
and I'm beating on the back
of the car screaming, "The
illiterates misspelled it!
They misspelled it!"
I kept repeating it.
It was like
the worst insult.
Elaine Nobel's victory for many
will probably hold significance
because she is the
first admitted gay person
to be state
representative.
(Elaine)
It was staggering.
I had a larger constituency of
gay folks throughout the country
and the world who would call me
and say, "You have to come here,
you have to help
us with this."
And when I'd say, "Look, I have
to be in the House to vote,
I can't be
really be there."
Remember the guy who wrote, he
used to live in this state
and he's gay, and he moved to
California and he wanted me
to help him with his
welfare check in California.
That was the difficult of being
the only well known of anything.
It is well known that I am
a gay person and in this state,
there is a law that says gay
people cannot be married,
but there is no law that
says two human beings
cannot love
one another.
(Melissa)
And in San Francisco, after
four unsuccessful tries,
an openly gay man was
elected city supervisor.
Harvey Milk made
national headlines.
I remember it really grabbed
me when I read that in the
newspaper because I'd never seen
anything like that before.
And I was living in Fargo,
North Dakota at the time.
(Melissa)
In 1975, Time magazine
puts its first gay man,
Sergeant Leonard Matlovich
on the cover.
And in 1977, Miami, Florida
becomes the first Southern city
to pass a gay
rights ordinance.
However that victory
would backfire.
♪ Glory, glory
hallelujah ♪
♪ His truth... ♪♪
(Anita)
I believe that more
than ever before
that there are evil
forces round about us,
even perhaps disguised
as something good.
Anita was the precursor
of a whole movement
that has turned gay bashing
into an art form.
The war goes on to save our
children because the seed
of sexual sickness that
germinated in Dade County
has already been transplanted
by misguided liberals
in the US Congress.
She took it into her head
to form an organization
called Save Our Children.
Save them from homosexuality
is what she had in mind.
Who knew anything about the
religious right or that people
would become
professionally anti-gay
as we were
professionally gay.
(chanting)
We are your children,
we are your children.
(woman)
Suddenly, our gay hotlines, our
gay switchboards were flooded
with calls and inquires
from people who said,
"What can I do to
make a difference?"
(Rev. White)
And what she was doing was
simply, I think, setting up
a trial balloon in terms of
their demographics to say,
"Does this play,"
and it played.
(man)
When they take to the streets,
it's a parade of homosexuals.
Men hugging other men.
Cavorting with
little boys.
Even my father was completely
confused by the rhetoric
of Anita Bryant
and the right.
One day after hearing her on TV,
he called me up and said,
"Do you sleep with
little boys?"
I said, "Oh, Dad, I don't
even sleep with big boys."
You talk about that kind of
stuff, people get afraid
and that fear causes
them, motivates them,
to join the crusade
and to send in money.
♪♪
(man)
We lost in Miami and we lost
in St. Paul, Minnesota.
We lost in Wichita and
suddenly we lost in Eugene.
And they escalated
the stakes in California
with a gentleman named State
Senator John Briggs.
(man)
The Briggs initiative would give
boards throughout the state
the power to fire any
openly gay teacher...
Thank God
for you, sir.
(man)
...or anyone who encourages
or promotes public
or private
homosexuality.
Somebody's gotta draw the moral
line in this country and say
enough is enough and
that's what Anita Bryant did
and that's what
I'm attempting to do.
The first thing I did was wrote
a letter to all of my straight
friends in politics, in the same
letter announcing that I was gay
and asking them for
a contribution to fight
Proposition 6,
the Briggs imitative.
One of those letters was
to Mr. and Mrs. Clinton,
President Clinton.
He was Governor at the time in
Arkansas and actually I got an
extraordinary response to the
letter, I got a contribution.
So that brought
me out of the closet.
To this day, I'm grateful to
Anita Bryant for liberating me.
(chanting)
No more Briggs!
No more Briggs!
(Melissa)
On November 7, 1978,
California voters
defeated the
Briggs initiative.
Say it loud,
gay and proud!
Say it loud!
Supervisor Harvey Milk led
a celebration through
the streets of
San Francisco.
20 days later, he would
be assassinated.
I'm typing a letter to
Harvey and I turn the TV on
and the news was broadcasting
live from City Hall.
Both Mayor Moscone and
Supervisor Harvey Milk
have been
shot and killed.
(man)
Oh, Jesus Christ!
And I was sitting here with this
letter to this man who was dead.
And... mmm.
It was like my life had
imploded, not exploded.
I didn't know what
to do about all this.
In fact, I'm one the people,
I did not go to City Hall
in that outrage.
I just wanted to get out
of San Francisco.
(Melissa)
For many local gay leaders,
the Briggs threat coupled with
Milk's assassination
emphasized the need
for a national
political presence.
(Rev. Perry)
Near the end of the '70s,
we knew that we needed
a national
lobbying group.
We set up a group called the
Gay and Lesbian National Lobby
and a young man emerged
who we wanted to lead that.
His name was
Steve Endean.
(woman)
All of a sudden, we were
building this presence on
Capitol Hill and we were not
only going to ask them
for their votes,
but we were watching
when they voted
against us.
(Melissa)
The new Gay and Lesbian
National Lobby
would become the
Human Rights Campaign Fund.
The National Gay Task Force
and Lamda Legal Defense Fund
also came into being.
This developing national
presence was very much on
display at the first march
in the nation's capital
in October 1979.
(woman)
There was nothing like
the 1979 march.
They say you always
remember your first.
I remember standing on the
sidelines and I just started
crying, because it was New York
and then it was Nevada and then
it was what comes after
N, Omaha, and it didn't end.
♪♪
(man)
And then came AIDS.
And it changed
everything.
I remember that day,
I actually was here.
Within an hour, every single
person I knew had either
called or I called them.
I mean, it was
a shockwave.
Rare cancer seen
in 41 homosexuals.
Outbreak occurs
among men in New York,
...and California.
Eight died
inside two years.
Second paragraph.
The cause of the outbreak
is unknown and there is yet...
...no evidence
of contagion.
It was scary.
I mean, it doesn't take a brain
surgeon to look at that article
and see that it's
an infectious agent.
Just look at it, it's like,
two plus two equals.
And then we thought,
poppers or amoebas.
I'd done all
those things.
(man)
We knew something was
going on much earlier.
Friends were dying at
Fire Island very mysteriously,
one or two or
three a year.
People were getting sick.
We had like, a mad orgy
of maybe five or six guys.
Within two months of that,
both he and I had meningitis.
You know, you change
the line in the sand.
I think I went, "Oh, well see,
these people have had eight sex
partners a night,
I've only had four.
Uh, so it
won't be me."
(man)
And I was afraid
that it was
gonna ruin the community because
we'd done such a magnificent job
of creating our own lives,
our own place.
And we were going
to lose it all.
It scared the shit out of me
when he told me that yes,
I had it.
I mean, that's
what it was.
It was "it."
It was gonna kill you,
we knew that.
And so I spent the next six
months of my life being numb.
Absolutely numb.
(Chuck)
I didn't want to go back
to being closeted.
I didn't want to go back to
a wasteland with nobody in it.
And that's what I feared
probably more than anything.
(President Reagan)
As I've interpreted
the gay rights movement,
it is not asking so
much for civil rights
as it is asking
for recognition
and acceptance of them as
having an alternative lifestyle
and I'm sorry, but
I can't agree with that.
Thank God for a President who
agrees in totality with what
we morally
stand for here.
(man)
And we love drunkards
and we love thieves
and we love homosexuals.
When I grew up in
the Christian church,
the idea of being
political was sin.
We hate homosexuality.
Falwell said, "No, no, we'll
save the souls of the nation,
but if they don't go along with
us, we'll change the laws
accordingly."
That was a major
paradigm shift.
(Larry)
There was something about Ronald
Reagan that we were afraid of.
He was a Teflon god.
It was very hard to get
anybody to protest anyplace
that he was at.
It wasn't the same kind of
activist, street action culture
that there had been in the '60s
or the beginning of the '70s
or there was
eventually in '87.
♪ Do you really
want to hurt me? ♪
♪ Do you really want
to make me cry? ♪
♪ Do you really... ♪♪
(Melissa)
Despite the growing anxiety
of about AIDS and persistent
assaults from the
religious right,
the gay culture
continues to develop.
Vito Russo publishes
"The Celluloid Closet,"
his history of homosexual
images in film.
It is part of a surge of books
and scholarship on gay history.
Harry Hay, who founded
America's first gay association,
the Mattachine Society
back in the 1950s,
becomes the spiritual leader
of the Radical Faeries.
♪♪
This back to the land
gay male drumming
faction opens communal farms and
sanctuaries across the country.
We're losing the quality and
certainly losing the shine
and the joy of being gay and we
wanted to find a way by which
we could find a spirit way
of coming back to that.
We didn't call
it spiritual;
we called ourselves
the Radical Faeries.
And you suddenly realize that
in this circle of strangers,
you know each other better
and longer and been closer
to each other than anybody
that has ever known you
before
in your life.
I went home and all of a sudden,
the brotherhood was born.
♪♪
(Melissa)
Also in the '80s, various groups
begin to assert their presence
within their
own communities.
♪ Follow your
heart's desire ♪
♪ Light up the
sky on fire ♪♪
(woman)
I was very active in
the spiritual movement
of the Lakota people.
This are some of the
beads we got in exchange
for Manhattan Island.
The original...
My fear was if I came
out and said I'm lesbian
that I'd be banned from
those ceremonies.
When I came out in 1985,
some of my fears came true.
A couple of old women came and
said, "You should go somewhere
else and have a ceremony
for your own kind."
But I prayed about
it for a good year
and I did go on to begin
a ceremony for native lesbians.
Ladies and gentlemen,
brothers and sisters...
(Melissa)
In 1983, the National Coalition
of Black Lesbians and Gays
was determined to participate
in the 20th anniversary
commemoration of
Martin Luther King's
"I Have a Dream" speech
in Washington.
(Barbara Smith)
Gil Gerald who was based in
Washington, he was working with
others to try to get one black
lesbian or gay speaker.
There was a great deal of
resistance within the march
organization by some
of the march leaders,
including Walter Fauntroy,
the delegate in the congress
for the
District of Columbia.
He said in one infamous
statement that to talk about
gay and lesbian
rights, he said,
"That's like talking
about penguin rights."
(Gil)
It finally ended up
in a confrontation.
We had people sitting in
in the Congressman's office
on the hill.
(Barbara Smith)
They sat in and they
were arrested.
(Gil)
We negotiated and were able to
succeed in getting Audry Lorde
to be part of the program
and we also succeeded in getting
Coretta Scott King to come out
in a press conference and call
for amending the
'64 Civil Rights Act
so that it would include sexual
orientation as a protection.
(Melissa)
Even America's second
religion, sports,
would not be ignored.
In 1982, the first gay games
were held in San Francisco.
(Phil)
Oh, well, if you're a gay man,
you can't throw a ball.
That is the purpose
of the gay games.
We couldn't be open--
Tom Liddell wanted a place
where gay athletes
could be in the open.
So we started
our own gay games.
(woman)
It was phenomenal,
it was amazing.
I mean, we reached women that
would never come to the bar.
We reached women who would
never see themselves
as part of the lesbian
and gay community.
But that's what it was.
Sports, bingo.
And I'll never forget opening
day as long as I live.
It was like,
tears for days.
It was just, oh.
Proud moment.
Yeah.
♪♪
When rodeo really became
anchored initially,
leather people had their
element and drag queens
also had a world
that they lived in.
And only the cowboys
seemed to be left out.
♪♪
(Melissa)
While gays and lesbians are
striving to maintain a sense
of pride, thousands of gay men
begin entering hospitals.
The gay community is hit
by the first tidal wave
of death from AIDS.
(Karla)
People began to get
sick in droves.
And suddenly a lot of people
I knew were sick or were dying.
(man)
Nobody was doing anything and
the reason they weren't treating
this as a normal health
epidemic was because
it was affecting
gay men, period.
I've never heard once
in this chamber
anybody say
to the homosexuals,
"Stop what
you're doing."
(man)
It was awful.
But you know,
we made up our minds
we're going to fight
through this.
It kind of was a natural
progression to go from this
incredible activism around gay
civil rights and to sort of take
the lessons learned there
and apply it to AIDS activism.
(Chuck)
The decision was made
to close the bathhouses.
I went to a public meeting
there where I feared
for my physical
wellbeing.
The emotion was so high, the
people were so concerned that
the bathhouses
would be closed.
(Melissa)
In New York City, playwright
Larry Kramer invites friends
to a meeting in his apartment
to hear Dr. Alvin Friedman-Kien
explain that AIDS is
spread by sexual contact.
Just to watch, all the faces
around the room, panning around.
Every kind of
reaction imaginable
from horror to
being asleep.
That handful of people
started meeting regularly.
We didn't have
any money.
We had to go out
and beg for it.
The city wouldn't
give us dipshit.
So when there were no health
care organizations that would
treat us, suddenly gay doctors
formed AIDS practices.
We created organizations
to deliver food.
We created organizations
to get money for their rent.
The most extraordinary sense
of renaissance and renewal
in the midst
of Holocaust.
You're in
a support group?
That's great.
(woman)
I think that actually the gay
and lesbian community was able
to learn a lot from
the women's health movement
about how to
deal with this.
Women had been dealing for many
years since the publication
of Our Bodies, Ourselves,
very consciously,
of taking our health care
into our own hands.
(woman)
So the gay men, being
politicized and radicalized
and understanding the linkage
with an oppressive health care
system and understanding
significant family issues,
their agenda became
a lesbian agenda.
That's the way
I look at it.
(Robin)
You see these tough-as-bull
dykes talking about how
they'll never talk to
a man again in the '70s
and there they were
pushing the wheelchair,
making the hospital
visits, changing guys
and so history brought
us back together,
this historic
happening of AIDS.
In the minority
community,
a lot of information did not
get in until very late.
It took the black churches
a very long time
to even
acknowledge AIDS.
(Renae)
When my brother was alive,
when he had to get services,
he didn't get services
where he lived.
He went to Timbuktu,
because services
weren't available
where he lived.
(Jewelle)
You know, when my
cousin died, you know,
I could see his lovers there,
all involved in church.
They were there in the choirs,
and the preaching and the,
you know, they
were all there.
But why didn't they
have that information?
(Melissa)
At the same time that
information about sexuality
and safe sex amongst
men were proliferating,
lesbians were shaking up
conventional attitudes
about sexuality and
pornography within
a larger
women's movement.
(Dorothy)
What we were talking about was
an open-ended approach to sex.
Okay, so women use
sex toys, my God.
So some women dress
up for each other.
So some women act out
different roles.
So some women like to take their
girlfriends on the streets
in short skirts and
walk behind them.
This is not like a huge secret
or massive revelation.
(Jewelle)
A number of my friends were
targeted and pointed out
as their work being
pornographic.
Joan Nestle because she
talked about butch/femme.
Gail Rubin because
she talked about S/M.
And you know, the Meese
commission had been going around
the country holding these kind
of hearings about the damages
of pornography.
The very limited...
(Hilary)
I mean, there were many
of us who really
thought we were about to
embark on some other set
of kind of McCarthy-like
hearings and scare tactics.
(Jewelle)
The hysteria around it ended
up clouding the issues
because of course, there
are issues around pornography
in this society and
violence against women,
but the hysteria
of the right wing ended
up closing down the discussion
ultimately and putting
the discussion back in
the hands of the government.
But it was all of a sudden as if
we had come out of this little
tiny safe corner we'd been
hiding our sexuality in
and it was enormous
and dangerous.
(Melissa)
The sense of danger grips
even Capitol Hill
as hysteria about sex becomes
a topic in the US Congress.
(man)
Congressman Jerry Studs is on
the left of your screen.
Studs was censured by the House
for his sexual relationship
with a 17-year-old male
congressional page.
Studs announced publicly
he is a homosexual.
(Melissa)
Closeted gay congressmen
were being forced to change
with the times.
I had a lot of gay
and lesbian friends,
but I still wasn't
even out to them.
It was bizarre, but I guess
I was so terrified
of coming out and what finally
decided me was the death
of Stewart McKinney.
The fact that the hideous
disease has now claimed
a sitting member of Congress
is expected to go a long way
towards galvanizing...
His dying wish was to reveal
that the cause of his death
was AIDS.
I'd known Stewart and
I'd known of his bisexuality.
I just was so
depressed we got into
this kind of tug of war,
about was he or wasn't he gay.
And I said, "You know, I could
get hit by a bus tomorrow,
I'm not going to let
this happen to me."
So I just decided
I had to do it.
His coming out was very
important, I think not so much
for the country, although
for the country too,
but so much in Congress
happens in those cloakrooms.
You really can't discount the
importance of having openly gay
people in
those meetings.
(Sheila)
When I was first running,
I was sitting in a restaurant
in Santa Monica, which
is in my district,
and this guy
came barreling up
to the table and I thought,
oh my God, I'm in for it now.
What's he going to do?
And he came right up
to me and he said,
"Sheila, I hate
all politicians.
They all lie to you, they
dissemble, they distort
the truth, you can't
trust them at all.
I hate them all
except for you."
And I said,
"Me, why me?"
And he said, "Well,
you already told us
the worst thing
about yourself.
Why would you lie
about anything else?"
I think we should do away
with gays if possible.
♪ Glory, glory
hallelujah ♪♪
(man)
The wages of
sin is death.
You want to see the end
result of this lifestyle?
Then come with me into
the hospital and see...
(Melissa)
In the midst of this growing
backlash to homosexuality,
the Supreme Court upholds
state anti-sodomy laws
in its Bowers v. Hardwick
decision.
Michael Hardwick had been
arrested for sodomy in Georgia
and appealed his case
to the Supreme Court.
When he lost, gay people again
took to the streets.
(man)
We planned a major demonstration
at the Supreme Court.
(Susan)
You know, sodomy,
abortion, medical care,
these were all
the same issue.
Keep your laws
off my body.
This is like, nuts.
How could this possibly
be happening?
(man speaking French)
(Melissa)
Five years and
5,000 deaths
into the AIDS epidemic,
movie star Rock Hudson dies.
And AIDS finally
makes the front page.
It spurred a lot of
people to come into
the gay and lesbian
community.
It spurred a lot of straights
to support us more and more.
But the greatest coming
out process was testing
HIV-positive.
Sometimes I'm introduced as
I am today, and I'm proud of it,
to be HIV-positive.
(David)
And they had no choice
but to come out.
And the question is, do you come
out and be defeated in life
and a victim or do you come out
as a warrior and fight back?
That was one of the things
that motivated me to come to
San Francisco was
I thought I might only
have six months to live.
In San Francisco,
you could do something.
It wasn't just about coming
and dying or getting sick
or waiting to die,
it was really about coming
and doing something.
♪♪
(man)
So that's one of the reasons
that Act Up was formed.
It is appalling...
(Vivian)
Larry Kramer called that
meeting at the center.
The very first demonstration
was on Wall Street
at Burroughs Wellcome.
That was my idea to
close down Wall Street.
I mean, we couldn't lose
down Burroughs Wellcome,
but we could close
down Broadway.
How many people did
you kill today?
(Vivian)
A lot of people were willing
to get arrested for Act Up.
That's what brought
me to Act Up,
the level of
homophobic hysteria.
...To promote
a perverted lifestyle,
a lifestyle that
brings forth death.
People, you know, for the first
time, a friend of mine was
walking across the street for
years and somebody yelled out,
you know, "Faggot."
That hadn't
happened in a while.
United in anger and
committed in direct action
to end the AIDS crisis.
(Maxine)
It was very open,
anybody could say anything.
You could stand up and
if you had a good idea,
people would do it.
(Larry)
Again, a lot of it, as I said,
was motivated by fear.
This is the probably the last
time I'm going to be here.
There wasn't a meeting where
somebody didn't come up to me
and say, "do you know of
anything that's coming along?
I just know, I just feel
I don't have much time left."
At about the same time that
Larry Kramer was talking about
setting up an organization,
I was in London getting together
a group of gay men to set
up a similar organization.
By now, Act Up chapters were
opening around the country
and people literally from around
the country, maybe as far away
as Canada, came
and descended on
the Food and Drug
Administration.
I was part of a group called
Wave Three and we were all
wearing white lab coats with
bloody hands on the backs.
(Charles)
The use of blood, the use of
the Silence = Death slogan,
those are truly
important visual tools
that we were able
to take advantage of.
You know, some are too
shocking for other people,
but at that time in our lives,
the shock value was important.
They were just not paying
attention to us.
(Mike)
Some of the aspects and some
of the things that they did,
I didn't understand
why they did it.
But I know in my heart
that because they did it,
things have
changed today.
(speaking Spanish)
Health care is a right!
(Vivian)
The beauty of Act Up,
it put fear
in the hearts
of individuals.
It became a protagonist,
it became the bad guy.
But it became the
very smart bad guy.
It knew all the
stuff about drugs.
It was a powerhouse of
information and research.
What Act Up and people like
myself were trying to do
was challenge
that orthodoxy.
Unless there are parallel drug
trials that address the way
drugs function inside women's
bodies, we will never...
And say, hang on, it's the
patient that has the right above
everybody else to know
the facts and to make
their own
informed decision.
Health care is a right!
Health care
is a right!
I didn't mind calling up
somebody's doctor I didn't have
to have a relationship
with and saying,
"Well, you seem to have
washed your hands of this guy.
'Cause there's shit all over
the walls and he's having
convulsions and your office
isn't taking his calls.
So what are you
going to do?"
♪♪
(Charles)
I have mixed feelings about what
Act Up did inside the church.
I don't like Cardinal O'Connor,
I do not believe in his
politics, but I will respect
the church for what it is.
People were
afraid of us.
That's what made us.
Drug companies did
what we wanted them to do
because we had gone
into St. Patrick's.
We were no longer the
limp-wristed effeminate person;
we were men in jeans and boots
who would infiltrate a mass.
Stop killing us!
We're not gonna
take it anymore!
You're killing us!
Stop it!
Stop it!
(Jewelle)
And to see these men using up
their last bits of energy
to create something that would
last beyond them and...
Sorry.
I don't think you see
that that often.
♪ Oooh... ♪♪
(woman)
And the second march was
called the Great March.
♪ Oooh... ♪♪
And maybe it was because we got
up and we talked about AIDS.
♪ Oooh... ♪♪
A million people showed up,
it was really a million,
close to a million.
America is not all
red or white or blue.
America is a quilt.
(Phil Reed)
There was this larger than life
figure on our stage and he was
the only prominent
politician in the country
who would come
to the rally.
(Jesse)
Everybody must have equal
protection under the law
in the real America.
At the 1987 march, people
would bring their ideas
and they'd want to get it
sponsored by the march.
It was about a quilt,
some kind of a quilt.
He wanted to
bring a quilt.
They thought it
was a sewing bee.
They didn't
understand a quilt.
And none of us
really understood it.
I didn't know what to
make of it at first.
It had this funny name,
the Names Project.
I didn't understand what it was
until I actually walked on to
the field, and saw and started
to walk around and see also
the reaction of other people
who were looking at the panels.
This was the first time
that anyone had ever done
this kind of memorial.
I think the quilt, our AIDS
quilt, is one of the most
inspired ideas
of the 20th century.
(man)
I have found it therapeutic
to make a panel.
There was one leader of the gay
community and his favorite song
was "There'll be bluebirds
over the white cliffs of Dover."
So when I made his panel,
I put bluebirds on it, you know.
And underneath it,
I wrote "Memory Maker."
And this was him.
One particular quilt,
I'll never forget it.
The two arms were sewn together
and then two white gloves
and two officers
holding hands.
Obviously, they
had been partners.
They both had
passed from AIDS.
(Phil)
So I walk up and down these rows
and every once in a while you'll
find a box of Kleenex
that you can stop,
collect yourself
for a few minutes.
(man)
There is a religious war
going on in this country.
It is a cultural war as critical
to the kind of nation we shall
be as the
cold war itself,
for this war is for
the soul of America.
(man)
And the artists, don't you know,
they are so upset that ol' Jess
might stay there and cut off
their little pipeline to
your pocketbook called the
National Endowment for the Arts.
Well, I got
news for them...
(man)
The whole NEA thing was just
a way of attacking homosexuality
by certain politicians.
Jesse Helms
is very right.
He does not want people to
see queers living real lives
where they actually take
care of their children.
(woman)
I was walking down the
street here in North Hampton
and a woman stopped me
and she said that she
and her female lover had
just started a family
and they had no
books to read to
their daughter that showed
their kind of family
and somebody
should write one.
So I said, "Well,
I'm somebody."
So I wrote the book.
I never expected it to be
taken up by the radical right,
to be taken up by
the Lesbian Avengers.
Joseph Fernandez commissioned
a committee to come up
with a multi-cultural
curriculum.
They came up with a 443-page
bibliography of suggested texts
to use in the classroom
about all kinds of families,
including gay
and lesbian families.
Somehow, that got twisted into,
"Look, lesbians want to steal
your children and recruit
them into their lifestyle,"
which is ridiculous.
I mean, when I grew up,
I read thousands of books
about straight people.
Not one of them
changed my sexuality.
I don't know any religion
that accepts homosexuality.
When you take my child, you are
teaching her something that
is against a parent's religion
and that is a violation
of that parent's and
that child's religion
under the
First Amendment.
(Leslea)
The Lesbian Avengers showed up
at a school in her district on
the first day of school
with lavender balloons
that said Teach Us
About Lesbians.
(Maxine)
And we had big balloons that
said Ask About Lesbian Lives
and we had a marching band
that played things like
"We Are Family."
(Leslea)
So that's what I mean about
everyone using the book
for their own agenda.
You know, things escalated,
things got really ugly.
Joseph Fernandez
lost his job.
Heather was kicked off
the Rainbow curriculum.
It was a real mess.
Hey, hey, ho, ho...
(indistinct chanting)
(Melissa)
For a short period in the early
'90s, the activist style
pioneered by Act Up was expanded
upon by a younger generation
calling itself
Queer Nation.
I think Queer Nation
was sort of,
that was very
much generational.
It was sort of
a cultural expression.
♪ When the queers,
when the queers ♪
♪ Go marching in,
go marching in ♪♪
(Melissa)
Meanwhile, non-gay organizations
began to appreciate
the political energy of these
new charged-up activists.
♪ When the queers
go marching... ♪♪
I'm Susan Moir with the United
Steelworkers of America,
Local 8751, the Boston
School Bus Drivers Union.
One of the very first
regional events I went to
was a conference
in New York,
District Council 37, which
is a huge union in New York.
And the executive director
of the union was
an African-American
man, straight man,
came to this
conference.
It was the first time anything
like this had ever happened.
The place was full of all
these queers of many colors
and many of who had never been
in their own union hall before.
And Stanley Hill who was
the director at that time,
he stood up and he said,
"Make no mistake about it,
we know that we need you
even more than you need us."
(Charles)
You know, living in New York,
we always think that we've seen
everything or have
done everything.
♪♪
(Melissa)
Gay life was now being seen
in small town America.
Since coming to New England,
when I first moved here,
I could walk down the street
and people just like,
kind of knew and some people
would chuckle or whatever.
I know of a town, small town
here, had kind of a guy,
he had AIDS, was dying
of AIDS, went to school
and told them what caused AIDS
and what should they not do
and everything and they really
fell in love with the guy.
They made sure they had an
overstuffed chair there where
he could come and visit
and he visited right up
to the week he died.
(Melissa)
Along with this greater openness
came a new wave of right wing
organizing that would
target rural states
with small
gay communities.
We're here today to announce
the formation of the Oregon
Christian Coalition.
We don't think that homosexuals,
heterosexuals, sadists,
masochists, polygamists or any
other person based on their
private sexual conduct
should receive
preferential status
under the law.
(Melissa)
In Oregon, the Citizens
Alliance, supported by
the Christian Coalition,
gathered signatures
for a statewide anti-gay
bill called Measure 9.
It was defeated.
But Colorado's
referendum, Amendment 2,
was passed by its voters.
It felt like we'd been
kicked in the stomach.
It was just overwhelming.
There was one body of people who
got very scared and sort of felt
like they needed to retreat
back into the closet.
There was a whole other
group of people who said,
"We're not going to
take it anymore.
We're coming out and
we're going to be active
and we're going
to be involved."
(Leslie)
There was a large community
gathering down on the courthouse
lawn and I spoke to
people and basically said,
"We will fight it.
We'll take it all the way to the
US Supreme Court if we need to."
♪ Oh Jesus ♪♪
(Melissa)
In many states, the religious
right made special appeals to
the African-American community
to support initiatives
against gay
civil rights.
Ypsilanti passed a pro-human
rights ordinance that listed
every possible thing,
skin color, religion,
origin, sexual
orientation.
A local white right organization
got together and got enough
signatures to challenge the
language of just orientation,
sexual orientation.
And in the closing days of
the campaign, they brought in
Reggie White, black football
player for the Green Bay Packers
who's been very anti-gay
in his sentiments.
(woman)
Tell me what you came
here for tonight.
I came here to
preach the gospel.
That's what it
boils down to.
When I mention, the Bible says
that homosexuality was a sin,
I am personally
attack anyone.
(Mandy)
But some of the black folks in
Ypsilanti said, "Wait a minute.
If they're bringing in black
folks to try to organize in
the black community
to come after gay folk,
we better be
doing something.
So we're going to have
a non-violent vigil
outside of the venue."
The day comes,
they're there.
They might have had 400
in that venue, 99% white,
which meant what--
the black community said,
"We get it, we're not
interested," didn't show up.
That was a win.
(Melissa)
On the national level, Bill
Clinton in his presidential
campaign quoted
the gay community.
Them, the gays.
We've gotten to where we've
nearly "themmed" ourselves
to death.
Them and them
and them.
This is America.
There is no them.
There is only us.
(man)
So celebrate tonight.
This is your victory.
You earned it.
You worked for it.
You paid for it.
And you damn
well deserve it.
(Melissa)
After his election, Clinton
issued a memorandum that
if followed through,
would have lifted the ban
against gays
in the military.
Meeting come to order.
(Melissa)
It caused immediate
furor in Congress.
Clinton called his friend and
political advisor David Mixner
and asked for six months'
breathing space.
(David)
And I said, "What I need to
know is at the end of that six
months, that you will definitely
say there will be an executive
order that we will not back
down from that now that
we're in the
middle of a battle."
And he said,
"I promise you."
(Melissa)
Clinton broke his promise and
instituted the policy known
as Don't Ask,
Don't Tell.
I got arrested outside
the White House
the week after he
issued the policy.
As I was being handcuffed
and led to the paddy wagon,
I turned and looked
at the White House
and I literally
saw friends of mine
who I'd worked with on the
campaign who now held jobs in
the administration with their
faces pressed against the window
watching me be arrested
and led off to jail.
♪ So long ♪♪
(Melissa)
Accordingly, the third national
march on Washington is a mix
of both optimism
and concern for the future
of the gay
rights movement.
♪ I wonder what's
gone wrong ♪♪
For the first time,
because of that third march,
we were broadcast
all over the world.
C-SPAN covered us live and then
CNN put it all over the world.
♪ You better work
Cover Girl ♪
♪ Work it Girl
give a twirl ♪♪
Well, that was also the
era of gays in the military
and that was
like, what?
And I got the London
Philharmonic doing
"Anchors Away" and doing the Air
Force song and the Marine song.
And I know there may be
people who'd disagree with me,
but I think that was kind
of the beginning of the end
of what I think of as
a movement for justice.
I have to say that people didn't
go and become empowered,
but the kind of media
production focus
that the march had
kind of took away
from some of the personal
success, in my own opinion.
(Robin)
So we had all these people
that had been thrown out
of the military, like Grethe
Cammermeyer and then they had
Allen Schindler's mother
come up and give a speech
about Allen and what
had happened to him.
You know, he was a sailor that
was murdered because he was gay.
I don't want any mother to
ever have to go through
what I'm going through.
Faith, hope, love.
Abide these three and the
greatest of these is love.
(Melissa)
In Denmark, Axel and Eigil Axgil
become the first legally married
gay couple.
In the United States, gays and
lesbians began the legal fight
for the right to marry.
I mean, six people wanting to
get married caused more horrific
panic in Washington than
the Lesbian Avengers or Act Up
ever did.
Flames of hedonism, the flames
of narcissism, the flames of
self-centered morality are
licking at the very foundations
of our society.
(David)
The Clinton
administration panicked.
Bill Clinton, again, without
consulting anyone, and this
I find one of the most shameful
episodes, announced
that he would sign DOMA,
the Defense of Marriage Act,
which would make it against
the law for gays and lesbians
to be married.
I testified before Congress on
the Defense of Marriage Act
and Hilary had given me
a ring to wear that day.
And sitting at that table,
being shredded by these horrific
members of Congress that were
throwing me like red meat
to the right wing, it made
me want to get married.
(man)
When Jeff presented my ring to
me, it was in crowded restaurant
on Main Street in King,
New Hampshire.
At the table next to us,
there were probably...
It was a big family.
At that point, I think
everyone dropped their fork
and kind
of looked at us.
To love and
to cherish?
To love and to cherish.
(Jeff)
We knew that people wouldn't
necessarily recognize us
as a family and that was one
of the reasons we opted for
the marriage and
changing our names.
(Mark)
I was Mark Herman
and he was Jeff May,
now we are
the Herman-Mays.
(Melissa)
In 1996, the Supreme Court ruled
that Colorado's Amendment 2
was unconstitutional.
I have a question: How does
it feel to know that the Bill
of Rights is healthy and
alive in our country today?
(Sue)
It was very exciting.
It was really an incredibly
exciting moment to have that
decision and know sort of, that
this was a really important
precedent-setting
decision.
We are redefining the immutable
ideals that have guided us
from the beginning.
(Melissa)
The '90s also see
a string of gay celebrities
in the national media.
(woman)
Ladies and gentlemen,
Ellen Degeneres.
(Melissa)
Ellen comes out
on national TV.
Gays become a favorite subject
of Hollywood movies.
Yes I'm
a middle-aged fag.
But I know
who I am, Val.
It took me 20 years to
get here and I'm not going
to let some idiot
Senator destroy that.
(Melissa)
K.D. Lang poses with supermodel
Cindy Crawford on the cover
of Vanity Fair.
The media indulges in
a frenzy of lesbian chic.
I'm lesbian chic.
I feel like, you know,
me, K.D., Cindy Crawford.
Is Cindy Crawford
a lesbian?
I came up in the flannel
shirt generation.
So anything that goes
beyond the flannel shirt,
I think we can
benefit from.
K.D. Lang is wicked cute.
I mean, who's gonna
bitch against that?
(all)
Sheila, Sheila,
Sheila, Sheila.
(Sheila)
Well, actually, it felt really
good becoming a famous lesbian.
People take a lot of courage
from other people that they see.
And for better or for worse,
a lot of them are people they
don't actually know, people
they see on television,
people they
read about.
Some young person could say,
"Gosh, another one and look how
they've accomplished
and look how they didn't
kill themselves."
♪ Shine, shine, shine,
shine, shine, shine ♪
♪ Look into
the bright side ♪
♪ Shine ♪♪
I'm sitting there and like,
sitting on this little bench on
the bus, looking
on the bus, doo doo doo,
and I looked up and
there was the poster.
It said, "What can you do if
your best friend just told you
that they're gay?"
And I was like,
"Oh, my God."
It just seemed like, you know,
light shone down from heaven.
After I called the phone
number, the Gay and Lesbian
Action Council directed
me to District 202,
which is a non-profit gay
and lesbian youth center.
And the concept of letting
a youth, particularly someone
that might even
be a minor,
living in a gay establishment
was anathema.
But these founders recognized
the need and that if we didn't
help these youths whose
families had abandoned them
and kicked them out,
who would?
(Hope)
The first person I met,
he had this grand vision.
He wanted a gay
and lesbian youth prom.
♪♪
And I was like, "Okay."
It was amazing.
We put it together and we
like sent out press releases
and all this stuff.
People rented limos,
rented tuxes.
Everybody was
in evening wear.
There was like, guys and guys
and girls and girls.
It was pretty cool.
(Melissa)
Yet this great visibility
which has brought acceptance
for so many...
...this is my boyfriend.
...can still bring
out hostility, hatred
and fear in others.
...getting married?
Yeah, in October,
I think.
Or something like that.
(man)
Because Matt's last few minutes
of consciousness on Earth
may have been hell,
his family and friends
want more than ever to
say their farewells
to him in a peaceful,
dignified and
loving manner.
(woman)
Does that make you
a better person?
Does that make
you a better person?
(Barney)
This savage murder does call us
to the need to improve what
we as a society do to protect
other young Mr. Sheppards.
I thought I had an opportunity
to use the prominence that
I had, people knew who I was and
what I was, to drive home
the reality of this
prejudice and say, yeah,
a young man
was murdered.
This was not
an abstraction.
This could have been me.
Stop the violence,
stop the hate!
Stop the violence!
(Melissa)
Three decades after Stonewall,
journalist Andrew Kopkind wrote,
"The gay moment
is unavoidable.
What started tumbling out of the
closets at the time of Stonewall
is profoundly altering
the way we all live."
The gay moment had evolved
into a global movement.
(Singing in
foreign language)
(Neil)
South Africa is
a fascinating case.
It's the only country in
the world where gay rights
are enshrined in
their constitution.
The same passion with which
I have fought against racism,
I will fight against
homophobia.
I give the gratitude to Simon
Nkoli, because I fully believe
without Simon Nkoli,
black people
would still
be in closets.
Some people still believe
there are no African gays
in South Africa,
but here we are.
(Singing in
foreign language)
Our group has been invited
to the 25th anniversary
of Stonewall in
New York City in 1994.
It was like, amazing,
to see all those faces.
Like, incredible,
it was, I don't know.
It was the time
of my life.
We came back to
Thailand with more energy
and we worked hard
for the year.
Coming up was the Conference
on women in Beijing.
We're everywhere!
Lesbians!
We're everywhere!
Lesbians!
We're everywhere!
Lesbians!
(Anjana)
There were several women
who came around to watch
the lesbians.
♪ Lesbianas soy lesbianas ♪
♪ Porque... ♪♪
(Anjana)
We don't mind. I think
a lot of us there were used
to performing and
enjoying ourselves.
I don't think I would be here
without the Western world.
And therefore,
it is a two-way thing.
As much as they want some help
from us, we want help from them.
And I guess we live in a global
world now and what happens in
Australia, people hear about in
America or in the Philippines.
The Mardi Gras now has a webpage
and people come and so
the numbers get bigger and
bigger and bigger and bigger.
(Melissa)
In 1978, the Sydney, Australia
police had shut down a political
demonstration of 2,000
gay and lesbian marchers.
20 years later, the Sydney Mardi
Gras became one of the world's
largest gay celebrations,
drawing 1 million people.
(Lorri)
You can be so amazed and blown
away by all the neat things that
you see there, but then it
doesn't take you very long to
look around to find the
evidence of all the death
and the memorials to the
people that we lost
and lost way too young and
their lives and the lives
of our community.
And it gives you pause.
I was thinking while I was
looking at the room tonight
how many times we could fill
it to overflowing with people
I remember who aren't
here anymore.
♪♪
(Craig)
Nightwatch came out of an
emotionally very devastating
personal experience.
A dear friend of mine lived
for years with HIV and AIDS.
His partner called and said,
"If you'd like to see Michael,
you better come now."
And I drove over there
and I was so scared
about what I was
going to see.
You know, if I could have
done anything other than walk
in that room, I would
have done it.
And uh, I walked in and his
bed had been moved out into
the middle of the room
and there was a circle
of family and friends
who had just completely
encircled the bed.
And there was this all-night
vigil that was happening.
And I was reminded of
this little kid's song,
it was one the first songs
I remember singing as a kid,
"All Through the Night"
and this whole notion
of guardian angels
and all of a sudden, I could
see what they were.
And I came home back home
after the funeral,
sat down and put together
this idea called "Nightwatch."
♪ Guardian angels ♪
♪ God will send thee
all through the night ♪
♪ Soft the drowsy
hours are creeping... ♪♪
(Mel)
I think of my friends who have
died, I think of them through
positive ways, wonderful
times we had together.
I still look at videos
I have of friends.
To keep them alive
inside of you is great.
(Renae)
I can't count the number
of funerals I went to.
I can't count the number
of people's hands
I held while they died.
My brother's whole circle
of friends are gone.
The whole circle of friends
when I first came to Chicago
are gone.
(woman)
My best friend
Beau wanted kids,
but he had AIDS and
there was just no way.
He said, "I got one for
you, I'll give you Dan."
His lover, Dan.
So Dan became the
father of our son.
When you're dying and you look
into the world, a small child
is an enormous, it's
a reaching into the future.
When Beau died, Dan's
wound was so deep.
I would watch Wolf
go out, climb on Dan.
And I would watch the
way Dan would hold him
and touch him
and look at him.
And on that impulse, we had
made an extremely wise choice.
HIV to me...
(Phil Reed)
And we decided
to run out there,
the slogan on our piece of
literature said, "My parents
taught me to
fight for justice."
And that was what we
decided to run on.
And I won the election by the
largest plurality of anybody
in the city
of New York.
So the whole gay piece, the
black piece, the HIV piece
in my life has been
completely brought together.
And uh, here I am, sitting
here in the city council.
(Rev. Perry)
The most important thing
I believe the gays and lesbians
have done to change the world
is come out of the closet.
♪ Oh... ♪♪
That revolutionary
act for me
is the most important thing
that we've done in 30 years.
It is unimaginable for us in
1969 to think that in 1999,
there would be all these
possibilities career-wise.
(Mike)
Back towards graduation and the
entire recruit class, all men,
left their wives and girlfriends
and dragged me out on the dance
floor and danced
with me at graduation.
♪ You make me
feel like... ♪♪
(woman)
We've come from invisibility
to visibility.
We've challenged family,
the definition of family.
We challenged diversity.
We've challenged gender.
♪ ...kiss me there and it
feels real good ♪♪
♪ And I'll know
you'll love me... ♪♪
(Chuck)
The rest of the world now knows
that we give very good parties.
♪ Ohh, you make me
feel mighty real ♪♪
(Barbara Gittings)
My partner Kay and I have
talked about the need for gay
retirement homes
for older gay people.
We know a time
is coming.
I guess I would call it the
Lavender Light Years Retirement
Home and I will be
able to rock and say,
"Do you remember
when we picketed
the White House
in 1965?"
♪♪
Stan, what do you want
to tell the world
about this stunning
almost-victory?
Uh, it's really cool
that we beat the spread
against the Cowboys.
Yeah!
And it's okay to be gay.
What?
Being gay is just part
of being nature
and a beautiful thing.
What the hell is
he talking about?
♪♪
(man)
Uh, the night of the
Stonewall riots came along.
Just everything came
together, that one moment.
If you were there, you
just knew, this is it.
This is what we've
been waiting for.
(all)
Say it proud,
say it loud!
♪♪
(Melissa)
Everything changed
after Stonewall.
It led us to a time when
millions of homosexuals
around the world would no
longer hide their identity.
It also marked the beginning
of a seismic shift
in society at large.
How did this happen?
How did a new openness among
gay people transform virtually
every area of life?
And it's okay to be gay.
This is the subject
of After Stonewall.
(man)
When Stonewall happened,
I was in New Jersey.
(woman)
No, I was the only
lesbian in New York
who was not involved
in the Stonewall riots.
(woman)
Native Americans
took over Alcatraz
and that to me was the thing
I remembered most
about that year.
(woman)
I'm not even sure that
I knew it had occurred.
Probably not.
I was in Cleveland.
(man)
When I was younger,
I would always dream
of being
a police officer.
When I decided to
go through with it,
I knew no one could
know my secret.
And um, that's just
the way it was.
(man)
Some friends said, "You know,
you could probably get like,
a state legislator,"
and I said, "Okay."
But I do remember this
decision that I made
which is okay, this
really means staying
in the closet
because in 1972,
it was inconceivable to me that
you could win office and be out.
(man)
When I first came out in
Melbourne, Australia, in 1969,
age 17, homosexuality was still
totally illegal and it could be
punished with several
years' imprisonment
and even enforced
psychiatric treatment.
(woman)
I led what I called
my double life.
During the week, I was working
for the police department
as a social worker and
then I would literally
disappear on Fridays and
head over to New York
and do the bars.
(woman)
All I had was the Baptist
church, the vision of what
happened to
queers in this society
and I figured it
would kill me.
And I'd been working it, looking
for ways to die without actively
suiciding... passive
suicide, the solution
of the working class, liquor
and fast cars and brutal women.
(woman)
Most people when I talk to them
about events in the early
history of our movement
are amazed that conditions
were like that.
Say it proud!
(man)
I can't hear you!
Say it loud!
(woman)
In the wake of the Stonewall
riots and the sudden invasion
of people into our movement,
a good invasion,
a number of organizations
starting in New York
and spreading to
other cities called
Gay Liberation Front
were established.
(man)
When Stonewall happened, it just
seemed a logical progression
from leftist radial politics
and then I joined Gay Liberation
Front right away after
Stonewall.
We were a front like the
Vietnamese Liberation Front
from whom we
got our name.
(woman)
Why are you here today?
Darling, I want my
gay rights now!
(Karla)
There were drag queens,
there were
lesbian feminists
like myself.
There were truck boys who had
sex in the back of trucks.
It was tremendous excitement
because we're all moving
together and thinking
in terms of "we",
not in terms of "I."
(man)
Hey, gay is good
and gay is great!
Our first big action, we had an
eating place in West Hollywood
which has been there
for 20 or 30 years
called Barney's Beanery.
It's an article about
a restaurant in Los Angeles
with a sign that says
"Faggots Keep Out."
They spelled faggots
wrong, F-A-G-O-T,
"Faggots stay out."
The gentleman who put this
sign up in this restaurant
said he thinks that
homosexuals should be shot.
Two, four, six, eight...
I imagine we got between
8 and 10,000 people out.
Because our very existence
is political right now.
(Karla)
But the drawback
was these meetings
were very unstructured
and terribly chaotic.
People were screaming
at each other,
people didn't listen
to each other.
It was a little too
much like my family.
(man)
By '71, people had split off
to form, down in New York,
Gay Activists Alliance.
We worked by Robert's
Rules of Order.
Our predecessor, Gay Liberation
Front had worked by consensus.
That's how GAA
started by the way.
People just couldn't abide
with the procedure.
♪♪
(man)
You will meet people who will
rhapsodize about how the dances
at the Firehouse
changed their lives.
♪♪
(man)
On Saturday nights, we would
have a couple thousand people
in there sweating and dancing
and having a blast.
All of us were tripping
and stoned having a ball.
(Melissa)
At the same time, these early
gay militants took aim at
a number of mainstream
institutions.
This is what we're going
to be doing, babies.
This is what we're
going to be doing, babies.
(man)
It was very very clear
that a primary obstacle
to our getting anywhere was the
allegation that homosexuality
was an illness,
a disturbance.
(Barbara Gittings)
They had a panel
called Psychiatry,
Friend or Foe
to Homosexuals?
Well, it was not easy to find
someone who was both openly gay
and a psychiatrist in 1972 and
we finally landed someone who
said, "Yes, I'll do it, provided
I can wear a wig and a mask over
my face because I'm in
fear of losing my job."
(Frank)
The APA, like most organizations
that have their conventions,
has a banquet
at some point.
There was a dance floor and
there was going to be dancing
and I knew that.
(man)
Then we got up
and started dancing.
We made
a beautiful couple.
Frank is a very good leader
and I can follow very well.
(Frank)
We dance around with the
psychiatrists and their wives
dancing around us.
(Phil)
One of the psychiatrists came
over and said he would introduce
a motion the following year
to make homosexuality no longer
considered a sickness and
in December of 1974, gay men
and women went to bed sick
and we woke up the next morning
and we were
instantly cured.
Give me a K!
K!
Give me an I!
I!
(Arnie)
In the very first days
of GAA, we created
a street theater
committee.
We invaded the city clerk's
office because a couple of guys
tried to register to get
married and of course,
it was against the law,
so he wouldn't allow it.
Gay power!
Gay power!
(man)
They brought a wedding cake
with two grooms and two brides,
separately and took over
the office for the day.
♪ I ain't gonna stay
in the closet no more ♪
♪ I ain't gonna stay in
the closet no more ♪♪
(Arnie)
I don't know how much we changed
them, but we started changing at
least ourselves and our
demands and our expectations.
♪ The dykes are here ♪
♪ What the hell do
we care? ♪
♪ What the hell
do we care? ♪♪
(Karla)
The women started to split off
for a number of reasons.
Some men were very feminist and
they were very good, but a lot
of the guys were insensitive;
they called us girls,
they told us that our job
was to bake cookies.
Betty, do we have
a big knife here?
(Karla)
I mean, they couldn't have been
more revolting if they tried.
I came to consciousness about my
own lesbian sexuality primarily
through my involvement in
the women's movement and in
the feminist movement
in the early '70s.
(chanting)
Double, double,
sisters in trouble.
When you mess with women
you're asking for trouble.
(Dorothy)
The women's movement was the
place where everything changed.
I was not a monster.
I was not alone.
And I had the possibility of
preventing what had happened
to me from happening
to other people.
For little tiny lesbians of
my age, people coming of age
in my era, what
made us soar
was just this amazing women's
movement that was emerging.
No matter what any
woman ever says today,
it was chock full
of lesbians.
(woman)
And lesbians were closeted
because they felt like
the women's movement could not
survive having out lesbians
in the leadership or in major
roles and that's just fact.
(woman)
Betty Friedan, may
she live in peace,
had called us the
Lavender Menace.
She said the lesbians were going
to ruin the women's movement.
And there were a lot
of lesbians in NOW,
including Rita Mae Brown
who was ejected from NOW.
I was just a kid when
I got thrown out of NOW,
which of course then,
I immediately began
calling NOW WHAT,
for which they've probably
never forgiven me.
God forbid you should
have a sense of humor
about these things.
You were supposed
to just weep and wail
and just immediately
become a victim.
The more victimized you were,
of course, the more of a woman
you were and I'm like,
"What are you talking about?
The women I came from weren't
victims; they kicked butt.
So I'm going to kick some
too, little Yankee girls.
Let me show you
how this works."
(Melissa)
Despite their differences, gay
men and lesbians come together
a year after Stonewall
to commemorate the riot
with a march.
(woman)
If people hadn't decided to
commemorate Stonewall with
a political march, no one
would remember Stonewall.
(chanting)
Two, four, six, eight, gay
is just as good as straight.
(man)
It was incredible,
it was so empowering.
(man)
We were chanting, there
were great signs like
"Better Blatant Than Latent,"
"Hi Mom."
(man)
You know, people chanting,
"Two, four, six, eight,
gay is just as good
as straight,"
"Out of the closets
and into the streets."
(chanting)
Out of the closets
and into the streets!
Out of the closets and into
the streets!
(man)
There were drag queens and you
know, just this mad rag-tag
bunch of hippies and freaks
and weirdos and you know,
we were just all
out in force.
(man)
We got to this little knoll at
the Sheep Meadow and we turned
around to see what had happened
behind us and all of a sudden,
we all started to cry
together because behind us,
there were
15,000 people.
This was the moment when the
closet door was actually opening
and the gay community was
coming out into the light.
♪♪
(man)
People came to San Francisco
because they could be free.
This was a unique place where
they could be that person
they hoped they could be as
a lesbian or as a gay person.
(man)
When I arrived in San Francisco
in 1971, there was still
a great deal of the old
hippie thing going on.
The culture hadn't really
calcified into that hyper-male
thing that happened
in the later '70s.
(Michael)
What it was was a lot of gay men
who had been told all their
lives they were not real men
suddenly being told they could
be whatever they wanted
to be and some of us
wanted to be real men.
It didn't mean real men living
in the suburbs; it meant real
men like dressing up like Marlon
Brando in "The Wild One."
(Jim)
You had in the '70s with
the sort of drug culture
also changing; you had a
different kind of tribal energy.
It wasn't about
changing the world,
it was about
getting laid.
(Mel)
Sex was easy, if you got horny,
you just went out
and found someone--
it was that easy.
The Mineshaft, I would often
go on Uncircumcised Night,
because I'm uncircumcised
and you could get in for free
and I didn't have a lot
of money in those days.
I literally died when I went
downstairs and saw this bathtub
sitting in a basement and says,
"What the hell do they have
a bathtub for,"
you know?
Pretty soon, there was
a guy inside the bathtub.
Okay, this is
an art installation,
I can deal with this,
you know.
(man)
All the early disco
music was code.
It was very much like the '50s
and '40s code music, which was
cocktail music, which
straight people heard one way
and gay people
heard another way.
Disco music was
the same thing.
♪ Oh do you wanna funk? ♪♪
(man)
Do you wanna funk with me
read very differently
in a gay disco than it did
in a straight disco.
♪ Let me show you how ♪♪
♪ Do you wanna
funk with me? ♪♪
Here it is you could be yourself
and express yourself and listen
to music that sort
of spoke to your heart.
♪ Oh, you make me feel ♪
♪ On the real ♪♪
Sylvester was
a big woman.
You know, big...
♪♪
(Craig Lucas)
I met lovers at the baths--
people used to say,
"You don't go to the
baths to meet a lover,"
well, I had like, three
lovers for like, 10 years
that I met
at the baths.
People I married.
So... I miss
all of that.
When I felt how it was to lie
in someone else's arms,
to meet a stranger in
the dark and find gentleness
and kindness there, from someone
that I didn't even know.
There really was something truly
regenerating about it and it
helped me create myself in a way
that was quite a different self
than the one I'd left
behind in North Carolina.
I began to re-examine all
of my prejudices, my racism,
my tenseness
as a conservative,
all of that fell by
the wayside once
I realized how good it was to
be myself and to enjoy others
who were doing
the same thing.
(man)
The great thing about
the continental baths
was they were clean.
It was very social.
There were so many guys there
wandering around that you know,
you could just
go sit and talk.
♪♪
(Larry)
And then one night,
this woman came out
and you just couldn't believe
it, it was fabulous.
♪ Friends, friends,
friends oh friends ♪♪
♪ You got to
have friends oh... ♪♪
(Robin)
Who wanted to go into
the bars and bathhouses?
Not me, but everybody said,
"Oh, they won't let us in
the bathhouses,
isn't that terrible?"
Yes, that's
just disgusting.
(woman)
But at least we recognized we
were two different cultures.
That's a nice way of
putting it, you know?
(chanting)
Three, four, seven, nine,
lesbians are mighty fine!
Three, five, seven, nine,
lesbians are mighty fine!
(Dorothy)
It was a period in history in
which each and every one of us
felt as if we held
history in our hands,
as if everything we did
had the possibility
of changing the world.
There was just a tremendous
onslaught of little magazines,
little presses.
The small presses
were so fabulous.
First, there were all the
underground newspapers.
(Dorothy)
Little coffee shops, little
poetry readings, all small.
And writ small so it was
accessible, you could do it.
Christ, the first
magazine I worked with,
we did on mimeograph.
Do you know what
a mimeograph machine is?
Their hot, bare bodies
pressed together as before...
And poetry... oh, God,
thank God for bad poetry.
The main method of communication
for me in the early '70s
was poetry.
Other women's bad poems,
my bad poems.
And some of
them weren't bad.
There was some great poetry
being written.
But it didn't matter.
What we were creating
was a voice
that had not
been heard before.
(Rita Mae)
And so, I sat down and
wrote my first novel.
And you know, you're
supposed to suffer.
I loved it.
I didn't suffer
for one minute.
I thought, this is the most
fun thing I have ever done
in my life.
Couldn't get anyone
to publish it.
So this little tiny press
picked it up and published it.
They gave me $1,000.
And that was how Rubyfruit
Jungle started.
The issue of racism, you know,
I can get on a soapbox,
but the issue of racism
in the women's movement
is such is that many white women
everywhere all over this country
don't believe that black and
white women can work together.
I mean, they literally
don't believe it.
To be a southern working-class
woman suddenly joining a group
of editorial activists, most of
whom were black and they were
Yankees, forget that, they were
black Yankees with attitude.
I met my best
friend Jewelle.
I remember looking at her and
being tremendously afraid,
looking in her eyes and seeing
that she was looking at me
and thinking, "Cracker."
And I'm looking at her
and thinking, "Boston."
There was a distinct separation
between lesbians of color
and white lesbians.
♪♪
(Jewelle)
But what grew out of that
separation was kind
of a cultural fountain
of activities.
I would go to Brooklyn and
see 50 lesbians of color
that I never
saw anywhere else.
(woman)
The Combahee River Collective
was probably the most important
ongoing political
involvement of my life.
I mean, here was the
manifestation of my greatest
fear and my deepest desire all
on one little packet called
other black lrsbians,
lots of them!
(woman)
In the community of lesbians of
color, different kinds of social
organizations grew up which
were specifically social
like Salsa
Soul Sisters.
(Barbara Smith)
I remember this one meeting
where we decided to talk about
the images of black
women in the media.
This is 1975.
And there was a discussion about
whether or not straight hair
versus afros at the
time, versus locks.
Afro, straight hair,
whatever.
Whatever we were looking at,
there was no articulation that
black women had any right
to be on the planet.
That's what we were
dealing with.
Everything we do has got to
contribute to the struggle
because everything they do
is grinding us into dust
and we will
not be ground.
♪ Hello hooray ♪
♪ Let the show begin ♪♪
Women started performing at
night in the early '70s,
everything from church
basements to women's centers.
There were the bookstores.
♪ Again and again ♪
♪ And again ♪♪
(Judy)
And then the artists were
starting to interact with
each other and suddenly
there were audiences
going from 50 to 300
to 1,000 to 2,000.
We saw it all change from
being little coffeehouses
to being large theaters.
♪ So long, so long ♪♪
I run into people all the time
my age, their mid-40s or 50s
or late 30s who can
still remember their
first women's
music concert.
I can remember piling six dykes,
or actually, let me say this,
six women, sort of
half-straight, half-gay,
bisexual, who the hell knew,
into my little baby blue
Volkswagen bug and driving down
from Burlington, Vermont
where there was no gay
subculture to see my first
Cris Williamson concert.
♪♪
One quit her job as a nurse
and formed Coven Carpentry
so she could do
lesbian carpentry.
One of them left
her husband.
We're talking this
concert literally
changed people's lives.
The empowerment had
an ongoing impact.
It was an
extraordinary force.
(Jewelle)
Oh, God, I would think for me,
the women's music festival
in Michigan was like
Babes in Toyland.
(woman)
It's from me to you
with much love.
(Robin)
I was the MC.
Now they're all
in Birkenstocks and...
well, the ones that were
dressed were in blue jeans.
Most of them
were in nothing.
(Jewelle)
I went with a big stack of books
and a Thermos of martinis.
I arrived and it was like the
new moon and there was a group
of Salsa Soul Sisters, they were
trying to get the tent up at the
right angle so that the moon
would be where it was supposed
to be for the
nighttime ritual.
And then there was this
moment where I said,
"Would anybody
like a martini?"
And they all looked at me
like I had lost my mind.
But, we did kill off that
Thermos of martinis.
(Robin)
I walked onstage and I declared
my area a crystal-free zone
and I thought they were
going to kill me.
Anything ludicrous,
I immediately started
making fun of.
So all of a sudden, the gods
of lesbians, excuse me,
the goddesses, the goddesses
were tofu, vegetarianism.
We can make fun of that as much
as we like and I like to have
a sense of humor about it,
but the idea that we can be
sensitive to other people,
that's an accomplishment.
I mean, I would be there
watching them unroll the snow
fence so that wheelchairs could
get up and down the terrain.
I would see women
stop to help women
who were on crutches
or who were blind.
That's... that changes
your life, you know,
in ways that you
don't forget.
♪♪
(Melissa)
Beyond creating secular
institutions,
some gays and lesbians began
to build religious ones.
(man)
I came from, you know,
a Pentecostal background,
a Southern
Baptist background.
And they taught us how
to start churches.
12 people showed up in the
living room of my home.
When I served communion,
only three people came forward,
but there wasn't
a dry eye in the place.
The next Sunday, we had
16 attendants, 18.
I said, "Whoo, hallelujah
to the lamb."
Jesus came and died for
my sins, not my sexuality.
(Gil)
This person really spoke
a word of affirmation,
which was something I never
really experienced before
and which from a very spiritual
place, I was being affirmed.
...Say in those churches.
Ain't no hypocrite
gonna out-shout me, Amen.
(Melissa)
If claiming a place in
the church was a challenge,
cracking the political closet
would also be an uphill battle.
In 1974, Elaine
Noble ran for a seat
in the Massachusetts
State Legislature.
I wasn't prepared,
I don't think,
for all of the vitriolic
part of a campaign.
People had shot through my
windows, scratched "Lesbian"
on the back of my car which
totally flipped me out
and my friends came out
and I'm beating on the back
of the car screaming, "The
illiterates misspelled it!
They misspelled it!"
I kept repeating it.
It was like
the worst insult.
Elaine Nobel's victory for many
will probably hold significance
because she is the
first admitted gay person
to be state
representative.
(Elaine)
It was staggering.
I had a larger constituency of
gay folks throughout the country
and the world who would call me
and say, "You have to come here,
you have to help
us with this."
And when I'd say, "Look, I have
to be in the House to vote,
I can't be
really be there."
Remember the guy who wrote, he
used to live in this state
and he's gay, and he moved to
California and he wanted me
to help him with his
welfare check in California.
That was the difficult of being
the only well known of anything.
It is well known that I am
a gay person and in this state,
there is a law that says gay
people cannot be married,
but there is no law that
says two human beings
cannot love
one another.
(Melissa)
And in San Francisco, after
four unsuccessful tries,
an openly gay man was
elected city supervisor.
Harvey Milk made
national headlines.
I remember it really grabbed
me when I read that in the
newspaper because I'd never seen
anything like that before.
And I was living in Fargo,
North Dakota at the time.
(Melissa)
In 1975, Time magazine
puts its first gay man,
Sergeant Leonard Matlovich
on the cover.
And in 1977, Miami, Florida
becomes the first Southern city
to pass a gay
rights ordinance.
However that victory
would backfire.
♪ Glory, glory
hallelujah ♪
♪ His truth... ♪♪
(Anita)
I believe that more
than ever before
that there are evil
forces round about us,
even perhaps disguised
as something good.
Anita was the precursor
of a whole movement
that has turned gay bashing
into an art form.
The war goes on to save our
children because the seed
of sexual sickness that
germinated in Dade County
has already been transplanted
by misguided liberals
in the US Congress.
She took it into her head
to form an organization
called Save Our Children.
Save them from homosexuality
is what she had in mind.
Who knew anything about the
religious right or that people
would become
professionally anti-gay
as we were
professionally gay.
(chanting)
We are your children,
we are your children.
(woman)
Suddenly, our gay hotlines, our
gay switchboards were flooded
with calls and inquires
from people who said,
"What can I do to
make a difference?"
(Rev. White)
And what she was doing was
simply, I think, setting up
a trial balloon in terms of
their demographics to say,
"Does this play,"
and it played.
(man)
When they take to the streets,
it's a parade of homosexuals.
Men hugging other men.
Cavorting with
little boys.
Even my father was completely
confused by the rhetoric
of Anita Bryant
and the right.
One day after hearing her on TV,
he called me up and said,
"Do you sleep with
little boys?"
I said, "Oh, Dad, I don't
even sleep with big boys."
You talk about that kind of
stuff, people get afraid
and that fear causes
them, motivates them,
to join the crusade
and to send in money.
♪♪
(man)
We lost in Miami and we lost
in St. Paul, Minnesota.
We lost in Wichita and
suddenly we lost in Eugene.
And they escalated
the stakes in California
with a gentleman named State
Senator John Briggs.
(man)
The Briggs initiative would give
boards throughout the state
the power to fire any
openly gay teacher...
Thank God
for you, sir.
(man)
...or anyone who encourages
or promotes public
or private
homosexuality.
Somebody's gotta draw the moral
line in this country and say
enough is enough and
that's what Anita Bryant did
and that's what
I'm attempting to do.
The first thing I did was wrote
a letter to all of my straight
friends in politics, in the same
letter announcing that I was gay
and asking them for
a contribution to fight
Proposition 6,
the Briggs imitative.
One of those letters was
to Mr. and Mrs. Clinton,
President Clinton.
He was Governor at the time in
Arkansas and actually I got an
extraordinary response to the
letter, I got a contribution.
So that brought
me out of the closet.
To this day, I'm grateful to
Anita Bryant for liberating me.
(chanting)
No more Briggs!
No more Briggs!
(Melissa)
On November 7, 1978,
California voters
defeated the
Briggs initiative.
Say it loud,
gay and proud!
Say it loud!
Supervisor Harvey Milk led
a celebration through
the streets of
San Francisco.
20 days later, he would
be assassinated.
I'm typing a letter to
Harvey and I turn the TV on
and the news was broadcasting
live from City Hall.
Both Mayor Moscone and
Supervisor Harvey Milk
have been
shot and killed.
(man)
Oh, Jesus Christ!
And I was sitting here with this
letter to this man who was dead.
And... mmm.
It was like my life had
imploded, not exploded.
I didn't know what
to do about all this.
In fact, I'm one the people,
I did not go to City Hall
in that outrage.
I just wanted to get out
of San Francisco.
(Melissa)
For many local gay leaders,
the Briggs threat coupled with
Milk's assassination
emphasized the need
for a national
political presence.
(Rev. Perry)
Near the end of the '70s,
we knew that we needed
a national
lobbying group.
We set up a group called the
Gay and Lesbian National Lobby
and a young man emerged
who we wanted to lead that.
His name was
Steve Endean.
(woman)
All of a sudden, we were
building this presence on
Capitol Hill and we were not
only going to ask them
for their votes,
but we were watching
when they voted
against us.
(Melissa)
The new Gay and Lesbian
National Lobby
would become the
Human Rights Campaign Fund.
The National Gay Task Force
and Lamda Legal Defense Fund
also came into being.
This developing national
presence was very much on
display at the first march
in the nation's capital
in October 1979.
(woman)
There was nothing like
the 1979 march.
They say you always
remember your first.
I remember standing on the
sidelines and I just started
crying, because it was New York
and then it was Nevada and then
it was what comes after
N, Omaha, and it didn't end.
♪♪
(man)
And then came AIDS.
And it changed
everything.
I remember that day,
I actually was here.
Within an hour, every single
person I knew had either
called or I called them.
I mean, it was
a shockwave.
Rare cancer seen
in 41 homosexuals.
Outbreak occurs
among men in New York,
...and California.
Eight died
inside two years.
Second paragraph.
The cause of the outbreak
is unknown and there is yet...
...no evidence
of contagion.
It was scary.
I mean, it doesn't take a brain
surgeon to look at that article
and see that it's
an infectious agent.
Just look at it, it's like,
two plus two equals.
And then we thought,
poppers or amoebas.
I'd done all
those things.
(man)
We knew something was
going on much earlier.
Friends were dying at
Fire Island very mysteriously,
one or two or
three a year.
People were getting sick.
We had like, a mad orgy
of maybe five or six guys.
Within two months of that,
both he and I had meningitis.
You know, you change
the line in the sand.
I think I went, "Oh, well see,
these people have had eight sex
partners a night,
I've only had four.
Uh, so it
won't be me."
(man)
And I was afraid
that it was
gonna ruin the community because
we'd done such a magnificent job
of creating our own lives,
our own place.
And we were going
to lose it all.
It scared the shit out of me
when he told me that yes,
I had it.
I mean, that's
what it was.
It was "it."
It was gonna kill you,
we knew that.
And so I spent the next six
months of my life being numb.
Absolutely numb.
(Chuck)
I didn't want to go back
to being closeted.
I didn't want to go back to
a wasteland with nobody in it.
And that's what I feared
probably more than anything.
(President Reagan)
As I've interpreted
the gay rights movement,
it is not asking so
much for civil rights
as it is asking
for recognition
and acceptance of them as
having an alternative lifestyle
and I'm sorry, but
I can't agree with that.
Thank God for a President who
agrees in totality with what
we morally
stand for here.
(man)
And we love drunkards
and we love thieves
and we love homosexuals.
When I grew up in
the Christian church,
the idea of being
political was sin.
We hate homosexuality.
Falwell said, "No, no, we'll
save the souls of the nation,
but if they don't go along with
us, we'll change the laws
accordingly."
That was a major
paradigm shift.
(Larry)
There was something about Ronald
Reagan that we were afraid of.
He was a Teflon god.
It was very hard to get
anybody to protest anyplace
that he was at.
It wasn't the same kind of
activist, street action culture
that there had been in the '60s
or the beginning of the '70s
or there was
eventually in '87.
♪ Do you really
want to hurt me? ♪
♪ Do you really want
to make me cry? ♪
♪ Do you really... ♪♪
(Melissa)
Despite the growing anxiety
of about AIDS and persistent
assaults from the
religious right,
the gay culture
continues to develop.
Vito Russo publishes
"The Celluloid Closet,"
his history of homosexual
images in film.
It is part of a surge of books
and scholarship on gay history.
Harry Hay, who founded
America's first gay association,
the Mattachine Society
back in the 1950s,
becomes the spiritual leader
of the Radical Faeries.
♪♪
This back to the land
gay male drumming
faction opens communal farms and
sanctuaries across the country.
We're losing the quality and
certainly losing the shine
and the joy of being gay and we
wanted to find a way by which
we could find a spirit way
of coming back to that.
We didn't call
it spiritual;
we called ourselves
the Radical Faeries.
And you suddenly realize that
in this circle of strangers,
you know each other better
and longer and been closer
to each other than anybody
that has ever known you
before
in your life.
I went home and all of a sudden,
the brotherhood was born.
♪♪
(Melissa)
Also in the '80s, various groups
begin to assert their presence
within their
own communities.
♪ Follow your
heart's desire ♪
♪ Light up the
sky on fire ♪♪
(woman)
I was very active in
the spiritual movement
of the Lakota people.
This are some of the
beads we got in exchange
for Manhattan Island.
The original...
My fear was if I came
out and said I'm lesbian
that I'd be banned from
those ceremonies.
When I came out in 1985,
some of my fears came true.
A couple of old women came and
said, "You should go somewhere
else and have a ceremony
for your own kind."
But I prayed about
it for a good year
and I did go on to begin
a ceremony for native lesbians.
Ladies and gentlemen,
brothers and sisters...
(Melissa)
In 1983, the National Coalition
of Black Lesbians and Gays
was determined to participate
in the 20th anniversary
commemoration of
Martin Luther King's
"I Have a Dream" speech
in Washington.
(Barbara Smith)
Gil Gerald who was based in
Washington, he was working with
others to try to get one black
lesbian or gay speaker.
There was a great deal of
resistance within the march
organization by some
of the march leaders,
including Walter Fauntroy,
the delegate in the congress
for the
District of Columbia.
He said in one infamous
statement that to talk about
gay and lesbian
rights, he said,
"That's like talking
about penguin rights."
(Gil)
It finally ended up
in a confrontation.
We had people sitting in
in the Congressman's office
on the hill.
(Barbara Smith)
They sat in and they
were arrested.
(Gil)
We negotiated and were able to
succeed in getting Audry Lorde
to be part of the program
and we also succeeded in getting
Coretta Scott King to come out
in a press conference and call
for amending the
'64 Civil Rights Act
so that it would include sexual
orientation as a protection.
(Melissa)
Even America's second
religion, sports,
would not be ignored.
In 1982, the first gay games
were held in San Francisco.
(Phil)
Oh, well, if you're a gay man,
you can't throw a ball.
That is the purpose
of the gay games.
We couldn't be open--
Tom Liddell wanted a place
where gay athletes
could be in the open.
So we started
our own gay games.
(woman)
It was phenomenal,
it was amazing.
I mean, we reached women that
would never come to the bar.
We reached women who would
never see themselves
as part of the lesbian
and gay community.
But that's what it was.
Sports, bingo.
And I'll never forget opening
day as long as I live.
It was like,
tears for days.
It was just, oh.
Proud moment.
Yeah.
♪♪
When rodeo really became
anchored initially,
leather people had their
element and drag queens
also had a world
that they lived in.
And only the cowboys
seemed to be left out.
♪♪
(Melissa)
While gays and lesbians are
striving to maintain a sense
of pride, thousands of gay men
begin entering hospitals.
The gay community is hit
by the first tidal wave
of death from AIDS.
(Karla)
People began to get
sick in droves.
And suddenly a lot of people
I knew were sick or were dying.
(man)
Nobody was doing anything and
the reason they weren't treating
this as a normal health
epidemic was because
it was affecting
gay men, period.
I've never heard once
in this chamber
anybody say
to the homosexuals,
"Stop what
you're doing."
(man)
It was awful.
But you know,
we made up our minds
we're going to fight
through this.
It kind of was a natural
progression to go from this
incredible activism around gay
civil rights and to sort of take
the lessons learned there
and apply it to AIDS activism.
(Chuck)
The decision was made
to close the bathhouses.
I went to a public meeting
there where I feared
for my physical
wellbeing.
The emotion was so high, the
people were so concerned that
the bathhouses
would be closed.
(Melissa)
In New York City, playwright
Larry Kramer invites friends
to a meeting in his apartment
to hear Dr. Alvin Friedman-Kien
explain that AIDS is
spread by sexual contact.
Just to watch, all the faces
around the room, panning around.
Every kind of
reaction imaginable
from horror to
being asleep.
That handful of people
started meeting regularly.
We didn't have
any money.
We had to go out
and beg for it.
The city wouldn't
give us dipshit.
So when there were no health
care organizations that would
treat us, suddenly gay doctors
formed AIDS practices.
We created organizations
to deliver food.
We created organizations
to get money for their rent.
The most extraordinary sense
of renaissance and renewal
in the midst
of Holocaust.
You're in
a support group?
That's great.
(woman)
I think that actually the gay
and lesbian community was able
to learn a lot from
the women's health movement
about how to
deal with this.
Women had been dealing for many
years since the publication
of Our Bodies, Ourselves,
very consciously,
of taking our health care
into our own hands.
(woman)
So the gay men, being
politicized and radicalized
and understanding the linkage
with an oppressive health care
system and understanding
significant family issues,
their agenda became
a lesbian agenda.
That's the way
I look at it.
(Robin)
You see these tough-as-bull
dykes talking about how
they'll never talk to
a man again in the '70s
and there they were
pushing the wheelchair,
making the hospital
visits, changing guys
and so history brought
us back together,
this historic
happening of AIDS.
In the minority
community,
a lot of information did not
get in until very late.
It took the black churches
a very long time
to even
acknowledge AIDS.
(Renae)
When my brother was alive,
when he had to get services,
he didn't get services
where he lived.
He went to Timbuktu,
because services
weren't available
where he lived.
(Jewelle)
You know, when my
cousin died, you know,
I could see his lovers there,
all involved in church.
They were there in the choirs,
and the preaching and the,
you know, they
were all there.
But why didn't they
have that information?
(Melissa)
At the same time that
information about sexuality
and safe sex amongst
men were proliferating,
lesbians were shaking up
conventional attitudes
about sexuality and
pornography within
a larger
women's movement.
(Dorothy)
What we were talking about was
an open-ended approach to sex.
Okay, so women use
sex toys, my God.
So some women dress
up for each other.
So some women act out
different roles.
So some women like to take their
girlfriends on the streets
in short skirts and
walk behind them.
This is not like a huge secret
or massive revelation.
(Jewelle)
A number of my friends were
targeted and pointed out
as their work being
pornographic.
Joan Nestle because she
talked about butch/femme.
Gail Rubin because
she talked about S/M.
And you know, the Meese
commission had been going around
the country holding these kind
of hearings about the damages
of pornography.
The very limited...
(Hilary)
I mean, there were many
of us who really
thought we were about to
embark on some other set
of kind of McCarthy-like
hearings and scare tactics.
(Jewelle)
The hysteria around it ended
up clouding the issues
because of course, there
are issues around pornography
in this society and
violence against women,
but the hysteria
of the right wing ended
up closing down the discussion
ultimately and putting
the discussion back in
the hands of the government.
But it was all of a sudden as if
we had come out of this little
tiny safe corner we'd been
hiding our sexuality in
and it was enormous
and dangerous.
(Melissa)
The sense of danger grips
even Capitol Hill
as hysteria about sex becomes
a topic in the US Congress.
(man)
Congressman Jerry Studs is on
the left of your screen.
Studs was censured by the House
for his sexual relationship
with a 17-year-old male
congressional page.
Studs announced publicly
he is a homosexual.
(Melissa)
Closeted gay congressmen
were being forced to change
with the times.
I had a lot of gay
and lesbian friends,
but I still wasn't
even out to them.
It was bizarre, but I guess
I was so terrified
of coming out and what finally
decided me was the death
of Stewart McKinney.
The fact that the hideous
disease has now claimed
a sitting member of Congress
is expected to go a long way
towards galvanizing...
His dying wish was to reveal
that the cause of his death
was AIDS.
I'd known Stewart and
I'd known of his bisexuality.
I just was so
depressed we got into
this kind of tug of war,
about was he or wasn't he gay.
And I said, "You know, I could
get hit by a bus tomorrow,
I'm not going to let
this happen to me."
So I just decided
I had to do it.
His coming out was very
important, I think not so much
for the country, although
for the country too,
but so much in Congress
happens in those cloakrooms.
You really can't discount the
importance of having openly gay
people in
those meetings.
(Sheila)
When I was first running,
I was sitting in a restaurant
in Santa Monica, which
is in my district,
and this guy
came barreling up
to the table and I thought,
oh my God, I'm in for it now.
What's he going to do?
And he came right up
to me and he said,
"Sheila, I hate
all politicians.
They all lie to you, they
dissemble, they distort
the truth, you can't
trust them at all.
I hate them all
except for you."
And I said,
"Me, why me?"
And he said, "Well,
you already told us
the worst thing
about yourself.
Why would you lie
about anything else?"
I think we should do away
with gays if possible.
♪ Glory, glory
hallelujah ♪♪
(man)
The wages of
sin is death.
You want to see the end
result of this lifestyle?
Then come with me into
the hospital and see...
(Melissa)
In the midst of this growing
backlash to homosexuality,
the Supreme Court upholds
state anti-sodomy laws
in its Bowers v. Hardwick
decision.
Michael Hardwick had been
arrested for sodomy in Georgia
and appealed his case
to the Supreme Court.
When he lost, gay people again
took to the streets.
(man)
We planned a major demonstration
at the Supreme Court.
(Susan)
You know, sodomy,
abortion, medical care,
these were all
the same issue.
Keep your laws
off my body.
This is like, nuts.
How could this possibly
be happening?
(man speaking French)
(Melissa)
Five years and
5,000 deaths
into the AIDS epidemic,
movie star Rock Hudson dies.
And AIDS finally
makes the front page.
It spurred a lot of
people to come into
the gay and lesbian
community.
It spurred a lot of straights
to support us more and more.
But the greatest coming
out process was testing
HIV-positive.
Sometimes I'm introduced as
I am today, and I'm proud of it,
to be HIV-positive.
(David)
And they had no choice
but to come out.
And the question is, do you come
out and be defeated in life
and a victim or do you come out
as a warrior and fight back?
That was one of the things
that motivated me to come to
San Francisco was
I thought I might only
have six months to live.
In San Francisco,
you could do something.
It wasn't just about coming
and dying or getting sick
or waiting to die,
it was really about coming
and doing something.
♪♪
(man)
So that's one of the reasons
that Act Up was formed.
It is appalling...
(Vivian)
Larry Kramer called that
meeting at the center.
The very first demonstration
was on Wall Street
at Burroughs Wellcome.
That was my idea to
close down Wall Street.
I mean, we couldn't lose
down Burroughs Wellcome,
but we could close
down Broadway.
How many people did
you kill today?
(Vivian)
A lot of people were willing
to get arrested for Act Up.
That's what brought
me to Act Up,
the level of
homophobic hysteria.
...To promote
a perverted lifestyle,
a lifestyle that
brings forth death.
People, you know, for the first
time, a friend of mine was
walking across the street for
years and somebody yelled out,
you know, "Faggot."
That hadn't
happened in a while.
United in anger and
committed in direct action
to end the AIDS crisis.
(Maxine)
It was very open,
anybody could say anything.
You could stand up and
if you had a good idea,
people would do it.
(Larry)
Again, a lot of it, as I said,
was motivated by fear.
This is the probably the last
time I'm going to be here.
There wasn't a meeting where
somebody didn't come up to me
and say, "do you know of
anything that's coming along?
I just know, I just feel
I don't have much time left."
At about the same time that
Larry Kramer was talking about
setting up an organization,
I was in London getting together
a group of gay men to set
up a similar organization.
By now, Act Up chapters were
opening around the country
and people literally from around
the country, maybe as far away
as Canada, came
and descended on
the Food and Drug
Administration.
I was part of a group called
Wave Three and we were all
wearing white lab coats with
bloody hands on the backs.
(Charles)
The use of blood, the use of
the Silence = Death slogan,
those are truly
important visual tools
that we were able
to take advantage of.
You know, some are too
shocking for other people,
but at that time in our lives,
the shock value was important.
They were just not paying
attention to us.
(Mike)
Some of the aspects and some
of the things that they did,
I didn't understand
why they did it.
But I know in my heart
that because they did it,
things have
changed today.
(speaking Spanish)
Health care is a right!
(Vivian)
The beauty of Act Up,
it put fear
in the hearts
of individuals.
It became a protagonist,
it became the bad guy.
But it became the
very smart bad guy.
It knew all the
stuff about drugs.
It was a powerhouse of
information and research.
What Act Up and people like
myself were trying to do
was challenge
that orthodoxy.
Unless there are parallel drug
trials that address the way
drugs function inside women's
bodies, we will never...
And say, hang on, it's the
patient that has the right above
everybody else to know
the facts and to make
their own
informed decision.
Health care is a right!
Health care
is a right!
I didn't mind calling up
somebody's doctor I didn't have
to have a relationship
with and saying,
"Well, you seem to have
washed your hands of this guy.
'Cause there's shit all over
the walls and he's having
convulsions and your office
isn't taking his calls.
So what are you
going to do?"
♪♪
(Charles)
I have mixed feelings about what
Act Up did inside the church.
I don't like Cardinal O'Connor,
I do not believe in his
politics, but I will respect
the church for what it is.
People were
afraid of us.
That's what made us.
Drug companies did
what we wanted them to do
because we had gone
into St. Patrick's.
We were no longer the
limp-wristed effeminate person;
we were men in jeans and boots
who would infiltrate a mass.
Stop killing us!
We're not gonna
take it anymore!
You're killing us!
Stop it!
Stop it!
(Jewelle)
And to see these men using up
their last bits of energy
to create something that would
last beyond them and...
Sorry.
I don't think you see
that that often.
♪ Oooh... ♪♪
(woman)
And the second march was
called the Great March.
♪ Oooh... ♪♪
And maybe it was because we got
up and we talked about AIDS.
♪ Oooh... ♪♪
A million people showed up,
it was really a million,
close to a million.
America is not all
red or white or blue.
America is a quilt.
(Phil Reed)
There was this larger than life
figure on our stage and he was
the only prominent
politician in the country
who would come
to the rally.
(Jesse)
Everybody must have equal
protection under the law
in the real America.
At the 1987 march, people
would bring their ideas
and they'd want to get it
sponsored by the march.
It was about a quilt,
some kind of a quilt.
He wanted to
bring a quilt.
They thought it
was a sewing bee.
They didn't
understand a quilt.
And none of us
really understood it.
I didn't know what to
make of it at first.
It had this funny name,
the Names Project.
I didn't understand what it was
until I actually walked on to
the field, and saw and started
to walk around and see also
the reaction of other people
who were looking at the panels.
This was the first time
that anyone had ever done
this kind of memorial.
I think the quilt, our AIDS
quilt, is one of the most
inspired ideas
of the 20th century.
(man)
I have found it therapeutic
to make a panel.
There was one leader of the gay
community and his favorite song
was "There'll be bluebirds
over the white cliffs of Dover."
So when I made his panel,
I put bluebirds on it, you know.
And underneath it,
I wrote "Memory Maker."
And this was him.
One particular quilt,
I'll never forget it.
The two arms were sewn together
and then two white gloves
and two officers
holding hands.
Obviously, they
had been partners.
They both had
passed from AIDS.
(Phil)
So I walk up and down these rows
and every once in a while you'll
find a box of Kleenex
that you can stop,
collect yourself
for a few minutes.
(man)
There is a religious war
going on in this country.
It is a cultural war as critical
to the kind of nation we shall
be as the
cold war itself,
for this war is for
the soul of America.
(man)
And the artists, don't you know,
they are so upset that ol' Jess
might stay there and cut off
their little pipeline to
your pocketbook called the
National Endowment for the Arts.
Well, I got
news for them...
(man)
The whole NEA thing was just
a way of attacking homosexuality
by certain politicians.
Jesse Helms
is very right.
He does not want people to
see queers living real lives
where they actually take
care of their children.
(woman)
I was walking down the
street here in North Hampton
and a woman stopped me
and she said that she
and her female lover had
just started a family
and they had no
books to read to
their daughter that showed
their kind of family
and somebody
should write one.
So I said, "Well,
I'm somebody."
So I wrote the book.
I never expected it to be
taken up by the radical right,
to be taken up by
the Lesbian Avengers.
Joseph Fernandez commissioned
a committee to come up
with a multi-cultural
curriculum.
They came up with a 443-page
bibliography of suggested texts
to use in the classroom
about all kinds of families,
including gay
and lesbian families.
Somehow, that got twisted into,
"Look, lesbians want to steal
your children and recruit
them into their lifestyle,"
which is ridiculous.
I mean, when I grew up,
I read thousands of books
about straight people.
Not one of them
changed my sexuality.
I don't know any religion
that accepts homosexuality.
When you take my child, you are
teaching her something that
is against a parent's religion
and that is a violation
of that parent's and
that child's religion
under the
First Amendment.
(Leslea)
The Lesbian Avengers showed up
at a school in her district on
the first day of school
with lavender balloons
that said Teach Us
About Lesbians.
(Maxine)
And we had big balloons that
said Ask About Lesbian Lives
and we had a marching band
that played things like
"We Are Family."
(Leslea)
So that's what I mean about
everyone using the book
for their own agenda.
You know, things escalated,
things got really ugly.
Joseph Fernandez
lost his job.
Heather was kicked off
the Rainbow curriculum.
It was a real mess.
Hey, hey, ho, ho...
(indistinct chanting)
(Melissa)
For a short period in the early
'90s, the activist style
pioneered by Act Up was expanded
upon by a younger generation
calling itself
Queer Nation.
I think Queer Nation
was sort of,
that was very
much generational.
It was sort of
a cultural expression.
♪ When the queers,
when the queers ♪
♪ Go marching in,
go marching in ♪♪
(Melissa)
Meanwhile, non-gay organizations
began to appreciate
the political energy of these
new charged-up activists.
♪ When the queers
go marching... ♪♪
I'm Susan Moir with the United
Steelworkers of America,
Local 8751, the Boston
School Bus Drivers Union.
One of the very first
regional events I went to
was a conference
in New York,
District Council 37, which
is a huge union in New York.
And the executive director
of the union was
an African-American
man, straight man,
came to this
conference.
It was the first time anything
like this had ever happened.
The place was full of all
these queers of many colors
and many of who had never been
in their own union hall before.
And Stanley Hill who was
the director at that time,
he stood up and he said,
"Make no mistake about it,
we know that we need you
even more than you need us."
(Charles)
You know, living in New York,
we always think that we've seen
everything or have
done everything.
♪♪
(Melissa)
Gay life was now being seen
in small town America.
Since coming to New England,
when I first moved here,
I could walk down the street
and people just like,
kind of knew and some people
would chuckle or whatever.
I know of a town, small town
here, had kind of a guy,
he had AIDS, was dying
of AIDS, went to school
and told them what caused AIDS
and what should they not do
and everything and they really
fell in love with the guy.
They made sure they had an
overstuffed chair there where
he could come and visit
and he visited right up
to the week he died.
(Melissa)
Along with this greater openness
came a new wave of right wing
organizing that would
target rural states
with small
gay communities.
We're here today to announce
the formation of the Oregon
Christian Coalition.
We don't think that homosexuals,
heterosexuals, sadists,
masochists, polygamists or any
other person based on their
private sexual conduct
should receive
preferential status
under the law.
(Melissa)
In Oregon, the Citizens
Alliance, supported by
the Christian Coalition,
gathered signatures
for a statewide anti-gay
bill called Measure 9.
It was defeated.
But Colorado's
referendum, Amendment 2,
was passed by its voters.
It felt like we'd been
kicked in the stomach.
It was just overwhelming.
There was one body of people who
got very scared and sort of felt
like they needed to retreat
back into the closet.
There was a whole other
group of people who said,
"We're not going to
take it anymore.
We're coming out and
we're going to be active
and we're going
to be involved."
(Leslie)
There was a large community
gathering down on the courthouse
lawn and I spoke to
people and basically said,
"We will fight it.
We'll take it all the way to the
US Supreme Court if we need to."
♪ Oh Jesus ♪♪
(Melissa)
In many states, the religious
right made special appeals to
the African-American community
to support initiatives
against gay
civil rights.
Ypsilanti passed a pro-human
rights ordinance that listed
every possible thing,
skin color, religion,
origin, sexual
orientation.
A local white right organization
got together and got enough
signatures to challenge the
language of just orientation,
sexual orientation.
And in the closing days of
the campaign, they brought in
Reggie White, black football
player for the Green Bay Packers
who's been very anti-gay
in his sentiments.
(woman)
Tell me what you came
here for tonight.
I came here to
preach the gospel.
That's what it
boils down to.
When I mention, the Bible says
that homosexuality was a sin,
I am personally
attack anyone.
(Mandy)
But some of the black folks in
Ypsilanti said, "Wait a minute.
If they're bringing in black
folks to try to organize in
the black community
to come after gay folk,
we better be
doing something.
So we're going to have
a non-violent vigil
outside of the venue."
The day comes,
they're there.
They might have had 400
in that venue, 99% white,
which meant what--
the black community said,
"We get it, we're not
interested," didn't show up.
That was a win.
(Melissa)
On the national level, Bill
Clinton in his presidential
campaign quoted
the gay community.
Them, the gays.
We've gotten to where we've
nearly "themmed" ourselves
to death.
Them and them
and them.
This is America.
There is no them.
There is only us.
(man)
So celebrate tonight.
This is your victory.
You earned it.
You worked for it.
You paid for it.
And you damn
well deserve it.
(Melissa)
After his election, Clinton
issued a memorandum that
if followed through,
would have lifted the ban
against gays
in the military.
Meeting come to order.
(Melissa)
It caused immediate
furor in Congress.
Clinton called his friend and
political advisor David Mixner
and asked for six months'
breathing space.
(David)
And I said, "What I need to
know is at the end of that six
months, that you will definitely
say there will be an executive
order that we will not back
down from that now that
we're in the
middle of a battle."
And he said,
"I promise you."
(Melissa)
Clinton broke his promise and
instituted the policy known
as Don't Ask,
Don't Tell.
I got arrested outside
the White House
the week after he
issued the policy.
As I was being handcuffed
and led to the paddy wagon,
I turned and looked
at the White House
and I literally
saw friends of mine
who I'd worked with on the
campaign who now held jobs in
the administration with their
faces pressed against the window
watching me be arrested
and led off to jail.
♪ So long ♪♪
(Melissa)
Accordingly, the third national
march on Washington is a mix
of both optimism
and concern for the future
of the gay
rights movement.
♪ I wonder what's
gone wrong ♪♪
For the first time,
because of that third march,
we were broadcast
all over the world.
C-SPAN covered us live and then
CNN put it all over the world.
♪ You better work
Cover Girl ♪
♪ Work it Girl
give a twirl ♪♪
Well, that was also the
era of gays in the military
and that was
like, what?
And I got the London
Philharmonic doing
"Anchors Away" and doing the Air
Force song and the Marine song.
And I know there may be
people who'd disagree with me,
but I think that was kind
of the beginning of the end
of what I think of as
a movement for justice.
I have to say that people didn't
go and become empowered,
but the kind of media
production focus
that the march had
kind of took away
from some of the personal
success, in my own opinion.
(Robin)
So we had all these people
that had been thrown out
of the military, like Grethe
Cammermeyer and then they had
Allen Schindler's mother
come up and give a speech
about Allen and what
had happened to him.
You know, he was a sailor that
was murdered because he was gay.
I don't want any mother to
ever have to go through
what I'm going through.
Faith, hope, love.
Abide these three and the
greatest of these is love.
(Melissa)
In Denmark, Axel and Eigil Axgil
become the first legally married
gay couple.
In the United States, gays and
lesbians began the legal fight
for the right to marry.
I mean, six people wanting to
get married caused more horrific
panic in Washington than
the Lesbian Avengers or Act Up
ever did.
Flames of hedonism, the flames
of narcissism, the flames of
self-centered morality are
licking at the very foundations
of our society.
(David)
The Clinton
administration panicked.
Bill Clinton, again, without
consulting anyone, and this
I find one of the most shameful
episodes, announced
that he would sign DOMA,
the Defense of Marriage Act,
which would make it against
the law for gays and lesbians
to be married.
I testified before Congress on
the Defense of Marriage Act
and Hilary had given me
a ring to wear that day.
And sitting at that table,
being shredded by these horrific
members of Congress that were
throwing me like red meat
to the right wing, it made
me want to get married.
(man)
When Jeff presented my ring to
me, it was in crowded restaurant
on Main Street in King,
New Hampshire.
At the table next to us,
there were probably...
It was a big family.
At that point, I think
everyone dropped their fork
and kind
of looked at us.
To love and
to cherish?
To love and to cherish.
(Jeff)
We knew that people wouldn't
necessarily recognize us
as a family and that was one
of the reasons we opted for
the marriage and
changing our names.
(Mark)
I was Mark Herman
and he was Jeff May,
now we are
the Herman-Mays.
(Melissa)
In 1996, the Supreme Court ruled
that Colorado's Amendment 2
was unconstitutional.
I have a question: How does
it feel to know that the Bill
of Rights is healthy and
alive in our country today?
(Sue)
It was very exciting.
It was really an incredibly
exciting moment to have that
decision and know sort of, that
this was a really important
precedent-setting
decision.
We are redefining the immutable
ideals that have guided us
from the beginning.
(Melissa)
The '90s also see
a string of gay celebrities
in the national media.
(woman)
Ladies and gentlemen,
Ellen Degeneres.
(Melissa)
Ellen comes out
on national TV.
Gays become a favorite subject
of Hollywood movies.
Yes I'm
a middle-aged fag.
But I know
who I am, Val.
It took me 20 years to
get here and I'm not going
to let some idiot
Senator destroy that.
(Melissa)
K.D. Lang poses with supermodel
Cindy Crawford on the cover
of Vanity Fair.
The media indulges in
a frenzy of lesbian chic.
I'm lesbian chic.
I feel like, you know,
me, K.D., Cindy Crawford.
Is Cindy Crawford
a lesbian?
I came up in the flannel
shirt generation.
So anything that goes
beyond the flannel shirt,
I think we can
benefit from.
K.D. Lang is wicked cute.
I mean, who's gonna
bitch against that?
(all)
Sheila, Sheila,
Sheila, Sheila.
(Sheila)
Well, actually, it felt really
good becoming a famous lesbian.
People take a lot of courage
from other people that they see.
And for better or for worse,
a lot of them are people they
don't actually know, people
they see on television,
people they
read about.
Some young person could say,
"Gosh, another one and look how
they've accomplished
and look how they didn't
kill themselves."
♪ Shine, shine, shine,
shine, shine, shine ♪
♪ Look into
the bright side ♪
♪ Shine ♪♪
I'm sitting there and like,
sitting on this little bench on
the bus, looking
on the bus, doo doo doo,
and I looked up and
there was the poster.
It said, "What can you do if
your best friend just told you
that they're gay?"
And I was like,
"Oh, my God."
It just seemed like, you know,
light shone down from heaven.
After I called the phone
number, the Gay and Lesbian
Action Council directed
me to District 202,
which is a non-profit gay
and lesbian youth center.
And the concept of letting
a youth, particularly someone
that might even
be a minor,
living in a gay establishment
was anathema.
But these founders recognized
the need and that if we didn't
help these youths whose
families had abandoned them
and kicked them out,
who would?
(Hope)
The first person I met,
he had this grand vision.
He wanted a gay
and lesbian youth prom.
♪♪
And I was like, "Okay."
It was amazing.
We put it together and we
like sent out press releases
and all this stuff.
People rented limos,
rented tuxes.
Everybody was
in evening wear.
There was like, guys and guys
and girls and girls.
It was pretty cool.
(Melissa)
Yet this great visibility
which has brought acceptance
for so many...
...this is my boyfriend.
...can still bring
out hostility, hatred
and fear in others.
...getting married?
Yeah, in October,
I think.
Or something like that.
(man)
Because Matt's last few minutes
of consciousness on Earth
may have been hell,
his family and friends
want more than ever to
say their farewells
to him in a peaceful,
dignified and
loving manner.
(woman)
Does that make you
a better person?
Does that make
you a better person?
(Barney)
This savage murder does call us
to the need to improve what
we as a society do to protect
other young Mr. Sheppards.
I thought I had an opportunity
to use the prominence that
I had, people knew who I was and
what I was, to drive home
the reality of this
prejudice and say, yeah,
a young man
was murdered.
This was not
an abstraction.
This could have been me.
Stop the violence,
stop the hate!
Stop the violence!
(Melissa)
Three decades after Stonewall,
journalist Andrew Kopkind wrote,
"The gay moment
is unavoidable.
What started tumbling out of the
closets at the time of Stonewall
is profoundly altering
the way we all live."
The gay moment had evolved
into a global movement.
(Singing in
foreign language)
(Neil)
South Africa is
a fascinating case.
It's the only country in
the world where gay rights
are enshrined in
their constitution.
The same passion with which
I have fought against racism,
I will fight against
homophobia.
I give the gratitude to Simon
Nkoli, because I fully believe
without Simon Nkoli,
black people
would still
be in closets.
Some people still believe
there are no African gays
in South Africa,
but here we are.
(Singing in
foreign language)
Our group has been invited
to the 25th anniversary
of Stonewall in
New York City in 1994.
It was like, amazing,
to see all those faces.
Like, incredible,
it was, I don't know.
It was the time
of my life.
We came back to
Thailand with more energy
and we worked hard
for the year.
Coming up was the Conference
on women in Beijing.
We're everywhere!
Lesbians!
We're everywhere!
Lesbians!
We're everywhere!
Lesbians!
(Anjana)
There were several women
who came around to watch
the lesbians.
♪ Lesbianas soy lesbianas ♪
♪ Porque... ♪♪
(Anjana)
We don't mind. I think
a lot of us there were used
to performing and
enjoying ourselves.
I don't think I would be here
without the Western world.
And therefore,
it is a two-way thing.
As much as they want some help
from us, we want help from them.
And I guess we live in a global
world now and what happens in
Australia, people hear about in
America or in the Philippines.
The Mardi Gras now has a webpage
and people come and so
the numbers get bigger and
bigger and bigger and bigger.
(Melissa)
In 1978, the Sydney, Australia
police had shut down a political
demonstration of 2,000
gay and lesbian marchers.
20 years later, the Sydney Mardi
Gras became one of the world's
largest gay celebrations,
drawing 1 million people.
(Lorri)
You can be so amazed and blown
away by all the neat things that
you see there, but then it
doesn't take you very long to
look around to find the
evidence of all the death
and the memorials to the
people that we lost
and lost way too young and
their lives and the lives
of our community.
And it gives you pause.
I was thinking while I was
looking at the room tonight
how many times we could fill
it to overflowing with people
I remember who aren't
here anymore.
♪♪
(Craig)
Nightwatch came out of an
emotionally very devastating
personal experience.
A dear friend of mine lived
for years with HIV and AIDS.
His partner called and said,
"If you'd like to see Michael,
you better come now."
And I drove over there
and I was so scared
about what I was
going to see.
You know, if I could have
done anything other than walk
in that room, I would
have done it.
And uh, I walked in and his
bed had been moved out into
the middle of the room
and there was a circle
of family and friends
who had just completely
encircled the bed.
And there was this all-night
vigil that was happening.
And I was reminded of
this little kid's song,
it was one the first songs
I remember singing as a kid,
"All Through the Night"
and this whole notion
of guardian angels
and all of a sudden, I could
see what they were.
And I came home back home
after the funeral,
sat down and put together
this idea called "Nightwatch."
♪ Guardian angels ♪
♪ God will send thee
all through the night ♪
♪ Soft the drowsy
hours are creeping... ♪♪
(Mel)
I think of my friends who have
died, I think of them through
positive ways, wonderful
times we had together.
I still look at videos
I have of friends.
To keep them alive
inside of you is great.
(Renae)
I can't count the number
of funerals I went to.
I can't count the number
of people's hands
I held while they died.
My brother's whole circle
of friends are gone.
The whole circle of friends
when I first came to Chicago
are gone.
(woman)
My best friend
Beau wanted kids,
but he had AIDS and
there was just no way.
He said, "I got one for
you, I'll give you Dan."
His lover, Dan.
So Dan became the
father of our son.
When you're dying and you look
into the world, a small child
is an enormous, it's
a reaching into the future.
When Beau died, Dan's
wound was so deep.
I would watch Wolf
go out, climb on Dan.
And I would watch the
way Dan would hold him
and touch him
and look at him.
And on that impulse, we had
made an extremely wise choice.
HIV to me...
(Phil Reed)
And we decided
to run out there,
the slogan on our piece of
literature said, "My parents
taught me to
fight for justice."
And that was what we
decided to run on.
And I won the election by the
largest plurality of anybody
in the city
of New York.
So the whole gay piece, the
black piece, the HIV piece
in my life has been
completely brought together.
And uh, here I am, sitting
here in the city council.
(Rev. Perry)
The most important thing
I believe the gays and lesbians
have done to change the world
is come out of the closet.
♪ Oh... ♪♪
That revolutionary
act for me
is the most important thing
that we've done in 30 years.
It is unimaginable for us in
1969 to think that in 1999,
there would be all these
possibilities career-wise.
(Mike)
Back towards graduation and the
entire recruit class, all men,
left their wives and girlfriends
and dragged me out on the dance
floor and danced
with me at graduation.
♪ You make me
feel like... ♪♪
(woman)
We've come from invisibility
to visibility.
We've challenged family,
the definition of family.
We challenged diversity.
We've challenged gender.
♪ ...kiss me there and it
feels real good ♪♪
♪ And I'll know
you'll love me... ♪♪
(Chuck)
The rest of the world now knows
that we give very good parties.
♪ Ohh, you make me
feel mighty real ♪♪
(Barbara Gittings)
My partner Kay and I have
talked about the need for gay
retirement homes
for older gay people.
We know a time
is coming.
I guess I would call it the
Lavender Light Years Retirement
Home and I will be
able to rock and say,
"Do you remember
when we picketed
the White House
in 1965?"
♪♪